The quality of healing: Articular cartilage

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Gomoll ◽  
Tom Minas
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage

scholarly journals Adipose Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability and Differentiating Features for Orthopaedic Reparative Applications: Banking of Adipose Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Roato ◽  
Daniela Alotto ◽  
Dimas Carolina Belisario ◽  
Stefania Casarin ◽  
Mara Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Banking ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Single Infusion ◽  
Knee Arthritis ◽  
Symptomatic Knee

Osteoarthritis is characterized by loss of articular cartilage also due to reduced chondrogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from patients. Adipose tissue is an attractive source of MSCs (ATD-MSCs), representing an effective tool for reparative medicine, particularly for treatment of osteoarthritis, due to their chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capability. The treatment of symptomatic knee arthritis with ATD-MSCs proved effective with a single infusion, but multiple infusions could be also more efficacious. Here we studied some crucial aspects of adipose tissue banking procedures, evaluating ATD-MSCs viability, and differentiation capability after cryopreservation, to guarantee the quality of the tissue for multiple infusions. We reported that the presence of local anesthetic during lipoaspiration negatively affects cell viability of cryopreserved adipose tissue and cell growth of ATD-MSCs in culture. We observed that DMSO guarantees a faster growth of ATD-MSCs in culture than trehalose. At last, ATD-MSCs derived from fresh and cryopreserved samples at −80°C and −196°C showed viability and differentiation ability comparable to fresh samples. These data indicate that cryopreservation of adipose tissue at −80°C and −196°C is equivalent and preserves the content of ATD-MSCs in Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF), guaranteeing the differentiation ability of ATD-MSCs.

scholarly journals Lubricin Structural and Functional Characteristics, Its Participation in Maintaining Articular Cartilage Tribological Parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lyzo ◽  
Pavel Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Tribological Parameters

Articular cartilage is constantly exposed to high loads. Wearing out of joints due to aging, as well as their poor functioning, is a common problem leading to a significant decline in the quality of human life. Lubricin is one of the main components of the biological lubrication system, it is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein, which plays an important role in cartilage integrity. Its main function is to protect the cartilage surfaces from excessive friction – a necessary condition for maintaining the health of mammal joints. Moreover, lubricin has growth-regulating properties, it participates in the maturation of the subchondral bone and prevents cell adhesion. Although the molecule of lubricin was discovered almost half a century ago, there is still not much data available. The molecule has a great potential in medical applications. Studying lubricin can help solve problems caused by joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. This review presents up-to-date information about structural and functional features of lubricin, its role in maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage, which can serve as a basis for the development of chondroprotectors or as a material to improve existing joint prostheses.

A comparison of the effects of joint immobilisation, twice-daily passive motion, and voluntary motion on articular cartilage healing in sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Frame ◽  
H. M. Burbidge ◽  
K. Thompson ◽  
E. C. Firth ◽  
W. J. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Articular Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cartilage Healing ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Voluntary Motion ◽  
Joint Range

SummaryIn this study, articulated transarticular external skeletal fixators were used to examine the effects of joint immobilisation, twice-daily passive range-of-motion exercises, and voluntary motion on articular cartilage healing and other joint parameters. Abaxial articular cartilage lesions demonstrated superior cartilage healing to axial lesions. Twice-daily passive range of motion exercises failed to improve the quality of articular cartilage repair when compared with joint immobilisation. Voluntary motion resulted in superior articular cartilage repair tissue with maintenance of near normal cartilage architecture, proteoglycan staining, synovial fluid cell counts and specific gravity, and joint range-of-motion.

scholarly journals Microfracture Versus Drilling of Articular Cartilage Defects: A Systematic Review of the Basic Science Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712094531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kraeutler ◽  
Gianna M. Aliberti ◽  
Anthony J. Scillia ◽  
Eric C. McCarty ◽  
Mary K. Mulcahey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Repair Tissue ◽  
Marrow Stimulation

Background: Microfracture (MFx) is one of the most common techniques used for the treatment of articular cartilage defects, although recently there has been a trend toward the use of drilling rather than MFx for the treatment of these defects. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of basic science studies to determine the effect of microfracture versus drilling for articular cartilage repair. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify basic science studies comparing outcomes of MFx versus drilling. The search phrase used was microfracture AND (drilling OR microdrilling). Inclusion criteria were basic science studies that directly compared the effect of MFx versus drilling on subchondral bone, bone marrow stimulation, and cartilage regeneration. Results: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Of these, 4 studies were performed in rabbits, 1 study in sheep, and 2 studies in humans. All of the included studies investigated cartilage repair in the knee. In the animal studies, microfracture produced fractured and compacted bone and led to increased osteocyte necrosis compared with drilling. Deep drilling (6 mm) was superior to both shallow drilling (2 mm) and MFx in terms of increased subchondral hematoma with greater access to marrow stroma, improved cartilage repair, and increased mineralized bone. However, the overall quality of cartilage repair tissue was poor regardless of marrow stimulation technique. In 2 studies that investigated repair tissue after MFx and/or drilling in human patients with osteoarthritis and cartilage defects, the investigators found that cartilage repair tissue did not achieve the quality of normal hyaline articular cartilage. Conclusion: In the limited basic science studies that are available, deep drilling of cartilage defects in the knee resulted in improved biological features compared with MFx, including less damage to the subchondral bone and greater access to marrow stroma. Regardless of marrow stimulation technique, the overall quality of cartilage regeneration was poor and did not achieve the characteristics of native hyaline cartilage. Overall, there is a general lack of basic science literature comparing microfracture versus drilling for focal chondral defects.

scholarly journals Effect of Laser Acupuncture on Disuse Osteoarthritis: An Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Study of Patellar Articular Cartilage in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xia Guo ◽  
Mu-Qing Liu ◽  
Xiao-Yun Wang ◽  
Yong-Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Roughness Index

To investigate the effect of laser acupuncture (LA) on disuse changes in articular cartilage using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), Eighteen rats were randomly divided into the control group (C), the tail-suspended group (T), and the tail-suspended with LA treatment group (L). During 28-day suspension period, group L were treated with LA at acupoints on the left hindlimb while group T had a sham treatment. Ultrasound roughness index (URI), integrated reflection coefficient (IRC), integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC), cartilage thickness, and ultrasonographic score (US) of articular cartilage at patella were measured by using an ultrasound biomicroscopy system (UBS). Compared with the group C, URI significantly (P<0.01) increased by 60.9% in group T, increased by 38.1% in group L. In addition, unloading induced a significant cartilage thinning (P<0.05) in group T, whereas cartilage thickness in group L was140.22±19.61 μm reaching the level of the control group (147.00±23.99 μm). There was no significant difference in IRC, IBC, and US among the three groups. LA therapy could help to retain the quality of articular cartilage which was subjected to unloading. LA would be a simple and safe nonpharmacological countermeasure for unloading-induced osteoarthritis. The UBM system has potential to be a sensitive, specific tool for quantitative assessment of articular cartilage.

scholarly journals Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of a Combined Synthetic Scaffold and Autogenous Tissue Graft Procedure for Articular Cartilage Repair in the Knee

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martins Rosa ◽  
Julio Cesar Fernandes ◽  
Josée Delisle ◽  
Pierre Ranger ◽  
Mauro Batista Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Cartilage Graft ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Synthetic Scaffold ◽  
Articular Cartilage Lesions

Abstract Background: Injuries to the articular cartilage of the knee often fail to heal properly, due to the hypocellular and avascular nature of this tissue. Subsequent disability can limit participation in sports and decrease quality of life. Subchondral bone perforations are used for the treatment of small defects. Larger lesions filling out the central portion becomes difficult, and scaffolds can be used as adjuvants, providing a matrix onto which the defect can be filled in completely and also autogenous cartilage grafts can be combined, acting as an inducer and improving healing quality, all in a single procedure.Methods: Evaluate the clinical and quality of life outcomes of patients with articular cartilage lesions of the knee undergoing repair via a microfracture technique combined with a synthetic scaffold and autogenous cartilage graft, with transosseous sutures and fibrin glue fixation, at 12 months of follow-up. Secondarily, assess whether combined procedures, previous surgical intervention, traumatic aetiology, lesion location, and age affect outcomes. Observational study of adult patients (age 18–66 years) with symptoms consistent with chondral or osteochondral lesions, isolated or multiple, ICRS grade III/IV, 2–12 cm2 in size. Patients with corrected angular deviations or instabilities were included. Those with BMI > 40 kg/m2, prior total or subtotal (> 30%) meniscectomy, second-look procedures, and follow-up < 6 months were excluded. Pain (VAS), physical activity (IKDC), osteoarthritis (WOMAC), and general quality of life (SF-36) were assessed.Results: 64 procedures were included, comprising 60 patients. There was significant improvement (P < 0.05) in VAS (5.92 to 2.37), IKDC score (33.44 to 56.33), and modified WOMAC score (53.26 to 75.93) after surgery. The SF-36 showed significant improvements in the physical and mental domains (30.49 to 40.23 and 46.43 to 49.84 respectively; both P < 0.05).Conclusions: Combination of microfractures, autogenous crushed cartilage graft, synthetic scaffold, and transosseous sutures with fibrin glue provides secure fixation for treatment of articular cartilage lesions of the knee. At 12-month follow-up, function had improved by 20 points on the IKDC and WOMAC, and quality of life by 10 points on the SF-36. Age > 45 years had a negative impact on outcomes.

Efficacy of the use of unsaponifiable fractions of avocado and soybean oil in osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Ewa Walewska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Osteophyte Formation ◽  
Case Basis

Osteoarthritis, which affects approximately 18% of women and 10% of men after the age of 60, is undoubtedly a serious public problem. The main pathological changes in osteoarthritis include the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage, changes in the subchondral bone and osteophyte formation in the bone epiphyses. Pain accompanying degenerative modifications significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of unsaponifiable fractions of avocado and soybean oil to control the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Prenatal food restriction induces poor-quality articular cartilage in female rat offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet and its intra-uterine programming mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tan ◽  
Yunpeng Wu ◽  
Qubo Ni ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
High Fat

AbstractEpidemiological data show that osteoarthritis (OA) is significantly associated with lower birth weight, and that OA may be a type of fetal-originated adult disease. The present study aimed to investigate the prenatal food-restriction (PFR) effect on the quality of articular cartilage in female offspring to explore the underlying mechanisms of fetal-originated OA. Maternal rats were fed a restricted diet from gestational day (GD) 11 to 20 to induce intra-uterine growth retardation. Female fetuses and female adult offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet were killed at GD20 and postnatal week 24, respectively. Serum and knee cartilage samples from fetuses and adult female offspring were collected and examined for cholesterol metabolism and histology. Fetal serum corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the PFR group were lower than those of the control, but the serum cholesterol level was not changed. The lower expression of IGF-1 in the PFR group lasted into adulthood. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and cholesterol efflux genes including liver X receptor, were significantly induced, but the ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 was unchanged. PFR could induce a reduction in ECM synthesis and impaired cholesterol efflux in female offspring, and eventually led to poor quality of articular cartilage and OA.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian H. M. Mouser ◽  
Riccardo Levato ◽  
Lawrence J. Bonassar ◽  
Darryl D. D’Lima ◽  
Daniel A. Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Hybrid Printing

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques can be used for the fabrication of personalized, regenerative constructs for tissue repair. The current article provides insight into the potential and opportunities of 3D bioprinting for the fabrication of cartilage regenerative constructs. Although 3D printing is already used in the orthopedic clinic, the shift toward 3D bioprinting has not yet occurred. We believe that this shift will provide an important step forward in the field of cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques allow incorporation of cells and biological cues during the manufacturing process, to generate biologically active implants. The outer shape of the construct can be personalized based on clinical images of the patient’s defect. Additionally, by printing with multiple bio-inks, osteochondral or zonally organized constructs can be generated. Relevant mechanical properties can be obtained by hybrid printing with thermoplastic polymers and hydrogels, as well as by the incorporation of electrospun meshes in hydrogels. Finally, bioprinting techniques contribute to the automation of the implant production process, reducing the infection risk. To prompt the shift from nonliving implants toward living 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs in the clinic, some challenges need to be addressed. The bio-inks and required cartilage construct architecture need to be further optimized. The bio-ink and printing process need to meet the sterility requirements for implantation. Finally, standards are essential to ensure a reproducible quality of the 3D printed constructs. Once these challenges are addressed, 3D bioprinted living articular cartilage implants may find their way into daily clinical practice.

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