scholarly journals Biodegradation of crude oil by Ralstonia pickettii under high salinity medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Setyo Purnomo ◽  
Hamdan Dwi Rizqi ◽  
Lia Harmelia ◽  
Silmi Diah Anggraeni ◽  
Ranny Etna Melati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nutrient Condition ◽  
Ralstonia Pickettii ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Optimum Recovery ◽  
Seawater Medium

Bacterium Ralstonia pickettii has ability to survive and thrive in low nutrient condition as well as a capability to remediate some pollutants and using them as carbon and energy source. In this study, the ability of R. pickettii on biodegradation of crude oil under high salinity medium was investigated. R. pickettii was pre-incubated in nutrient broth (NB) medium and then, washed and transferred to artificial seawater medium. Crude oil was added to each culture and incubated for 7 and 14 days. The biodegradation of crude oil was analysed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that R. pickettii had successfully degraded the crude oil in the high salinity artificial seawater. The incubation on 7 and 14 days did not show a significant effect on the number of the degraded compounds. The optimum recovery percent was obtained from the derivation of 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl hexadecane with the recovery percentage of 12.7% and 16.0% for 7 and 14 days respectively. This study indicates that R. picketti can be potentially used for bioremediation of crude oil under high salinity environments.

BIOAVAILABILITY OF SEDIMENT OIL RESIDUES FOUR YEARS FOLLOWING THE MARTINEZ SPILL

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 864-865
Author(s):  
Paul D. Boehm ◽  
Helder J. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Petrogenic Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
Suisun Bay ◽  
Sentinel Organisms

ABSTRACT Transplanted bivalves were used as sentinel organisms to assess bioavailability of San Joaquin Valley (SJV) crude oil residues in impacted sediments four years following the 1988 Shell Martinez Refinery spill in Suisun Bay, California. Sediments, bivalves exposed for three months, and control (unexposed) bivalves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study documented a range of weathering stages, and a range of mixtures of SJV crude oil with another petrogenic source, pyrogenic PAHs, and diagenic alkyl PAHs in Peyton Slough intertidal sediments four years following the spill. Less-weathered SJV oil residues remaining in the estuarine sediments were more bioavailable than the intermediate or advanced weathered residues, and more bioavailable than the pyrogenic PAHs that comprise the background PAHs in the Suisun Bay sediments.

scholarly journals Membrane Assisted Simultaneous Extraction and Derivatization with Triphenylphosphine of Elemental Sulfur in Arabian Crude Samples by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Zahrani ◽  
Munzir H. Aneel Mohammed ◽  
Chanbasha Basheer ◽  
Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Arfaj
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Determination of trace level elemental sulfur from crude oil samples is a tedious task. Recently, several gas chromatographic methods were reported in which selective triphenylphosphine derivatization of sulfur was used to form triphenylphosphine sulfide. Direct quantitation of elemental sulfur from crude oil requires an efficient sample preparation method. This paper describes how simultaneous extraction derivatization of elemental sulfur was performed for the first time using porous hollow fiber membrane. A thick (0.25 um pore size; 1550 μm wall thickness; and 5500 μm inner diameter) hollow fiber membrane filled with triphenylphosphine (dissolved N-methylpyrrolidone) is used as a solvent bar. The solvent bar is tumbled freely in the crude oil sample; the elemental sulfur was extracted and derivatized. Finally, the derivatized sulfur was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Various experimental conditions of solvent bar microextraction (SBME) were optimized to achieve higher extraction. The linear range was established between 1 and 50 μg/mL, while a squared regression coefficient was found to be 0.9959 μg/mL. Relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 10%. Relative recoveries were calculated for SBME in crude oil samples and were in the range between 98.2% and 101.2%.

scholarly journals Investigation of the bioremediation potential of aerobic zymogenous microorganisms in soil for crude oil biodegradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Solevic ◽  
Milan Novakovic ◽  
Mila Ilic ◽  
Malisa Antic ◽  
Miroslav Vrvic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Biodegradation

The bioremediation potential of the aerobic zymogenous microorganisms in soil (Danube alluvium, Pancevo, Serbia) for crude oil biodegradation was investigated. A mixture of paraffinic types of oils was used as the substrate. The laboratory experiment of the simulated oil biodegradation lasted 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. In parallel, an experiment with a control sample was conducted. Extracts were isolated from the samples with chloroform in a separation funnel. From these extracts, the hydrocarbons were isolated by column chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). n-Alkanes, isoprenoids, phenanthrene and its derivatives with one and two methyl groups were quantitatively analyzed. The ability and efficiency of zymogenous microorganisms in soil for crude oil bioremediation was assessed by comparison between the composition of samples which were exposed to the microorganisms and the control sample. The investigated microorganisms showed the highest bioremediation potential in the biodegradation of n-alkanes and isoprenoids. A considerably high bioremediation potential was confirmed in the biodegradation of phenanthrene and methyl phenanthrenes. Low bioremediation potential of these microorganisms was proven in the case of polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and triterpane types and dimethyl phenanthrenes.

scholarly journals The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation activities and genome analysis of a novel strain Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol isolated from Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8102
Author(s):  
Temidayo O. Elufisan ◽  
Isabel C. Rodríguez-Luna ◽  
Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Varela ◽  
Armando Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background Stenotrophomonas are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria, which can survive in a wide range of environments. They can use many substances for their growth and are known to be intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents. They have been tested for biotechnological applications, bioremediation, and production of antimicrobial agents. Method Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol was isolated from a crude oil contaminated soil. The capability of this isolate to tolerate and degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenanthridine, and xylene was evaluated in Bushnell Hass medium containing PAHs as the sole carbon sources. The metabolites formed after 30-day degradation of naphthalene by Pemsol were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopic (FTIR), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The genome of Pemsol was also sequenced and analyzed. Results Anthraquinone, biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and phenanthridine except xylene can be used as sole carbon sources for Pemsol’s growth in Bushnell Hass medium. The degradation of naphthalene at a concentration of 1 mg/mL within 30 days was tested. A newly formed catechol peak and the disappearance of naphthalene peak detected on the UPLC-MS, and GC-MS analyses spectra respectively confirmed the complete degradation of naphthalene. Pemsol does not produce biosurfactant and neither bio-emulsify PAHs. The whole genome was sequenced and assembled into one scaffold with a length of 4,373,402 bp. A total of 145 genes involved in the degradation of PAHs were found in its genome, some of which are Pemsol-specific as compared with other 11 Stenotrophomonas genomes. Most specific genes are located on the genomic islands. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol’s possession of few genes that are associated with bio-emulsification gives the genetic basis for its inability to bio-emulsify PAH. A possible degradation pathway for naphthalene in Pemsol was proposed following the analysis of Pemsol’s genome. ANI and GGDH analysis indicated that Pemsol is likely a new species of Stenotrophomonas. It is the first report on a complete genome sequence analysis of a PAH-degrading Stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol possesses features that make it a good bacterium for genetic engineering and will be an excellent tool for the remediation of crude oil or PAH-contaminated soil.

IDENTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM RESIDUE SOURCES AFTER A FIRE AND OIL SPILL

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Overton ◽  
Jo Ann McFall ◽  
S. Wayne Mascarella ◽  
Charles F. Steele ◽  
Shelley A. Antoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

ABSTRACT The evaluation of the environmental impacts resulting from an oil spill and fire at the West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve Complex was particularly challenging. The fire and spill resulted in two distinctive types of chemical releases into the environment. The spill released a large quantity of Arabian light crude oil into an area that had been exposed to Louisiana sweet crude oil during 40 years of production. The fire produced significant quantities of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that were dispersed over a large area by wind. New methods were developed to identify samples, and consequently the areas, that were affected by these releases. Samples of sediment affected by the oil spill were distinguished from nonaffected samples by comparing the ratios of the alkyl phenanthrenes to the alkyl dibenzothiophenes (C1, C2, and C3) in a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extractable hydrocarbons. These ratios effectively identified affected sediment even when the samples had been exposed to the environment for more than a year. Contamination from the pyrogenic products of the fire was identified by the elevated quantities of fluoranthene and pyrene in affected samples. Foliage, soil, and sediment samples were collected quarterly for the year following the incident and were analyzed by the combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Impact from the fire was detected in foliage and soil samples collected several miles downwind from the incident.

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERIZED GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY – MASS SPECTROMETRY TO OIL EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Philp ◽  
T.D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
The Masses

Computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (C-GC-MS) is a sophisticated analytical technique capable of identifying very small quantities of individual components in complex mixtures of organic compounds. One field in which C-GC-MS can play an extremely important role is correlation studies of crude oils and source rocks.In C-GC-MS analyses, compounds present in the crude oil or source rock extract are first separated by the gas chromatograph and then fragmented and ionized in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. The mass and relative intensities of the ions formed are recorded by the computer. Normally the masses of one or two specific fragments can be used to distinguish as particular class of compounds, a technique that is particularly useful for crude oil correlation studies.Comparison of mass fragmentograms for different oils yields information about their sources. Identical fragmentograms for ion characteristics of certain classes of "biological marker" compounds imply that the distribution of compounds in the oils is identical and hence that the oils had the same or very similar sources.Results of C-GC-MS analysis of four oils from the Gippsland Basin indicate that, despite varying degrees of biodegradation, the oils had the same or very similar source materials. Similarly C-GC-MS analysis of the Barrow Jurassic and Windalia oils from the Carnarvon Basin provides evidence to support the theory that these two oils had the same or very similar source material.

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