scholarly journals Differentiated effects of parasitic nematodes Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on slugs of the genus Deroceras and snails of the genus Arion

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Pavlína Šenoldová ◽  
Jiří Rotrekl
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Snail Family ◽  
Phasmarhabditis Hermaphrodita ◽  
Differentiated Effects

This paper compares efficiency of preparations based on a parasitic nematode species Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita with a molluscocide containing methiocarb as an effective substance. Parasitic nematodes by the family Agriolimacidae showed a significantly better effect on mortality and reduction of the percentage of damaged plants than the methiocarb-based preparation. Under laboratory and field conditions, the efficiency of parasitic nematodes on the family Agriolimacidae ranged from 84% to 94% and from 81% to 94%, resp., while the percentages of damaged plants were minimal in both cases. The corresponding effects of the methiocarb-based molluscocide were only 35% and 21%, resp. The effect of parasitic P. hermaphrodita nematodes on members of the snail family Arionidae was not demonstrated both under laboratory and field conditons and the mortality was up to 6% with a total defoliation of plants. Under laboratory and field conditions, the mortality of slugs from the genus Arion after the application of methiocarb-based preparation was 53% and 38%, resp. However, the damage of plants was significant and it reached nearly 67% and 60% under laboratory and field conditions, resp.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan Zeng ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
James Kerns ◽  
Lane Tredway ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

The use of Caenorhabditis elegans in parasitic nematode research

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GILLEARD
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Free Living Nematode

There is increasing interest in the use of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool for parasitic nematode research and there are now a number of compelling examples of its successful application. C. elegans has the potential to become a standard tool for molecular helminthology researchers, just as yeast is routinely used by molecular biologists to study vertebrate biology. However, in order to exploit C. elegans in a meaningful manner, we need a detailed understanding of the extent to which different aspects of C. elegans biology have been conserved with particular groups of parasitic nematodes. This review first considers the current state of knowledge regarding the conservation of genome organisation across the nematode phylum and then discusses some recent evolutionary development studies in free-living nematodes. The aim is to provide some important concepts that are relevant to the extrapolation of information from C. elegans to parasitic nematodes and also to the interpretation of experiments that use C. elegans as a surrogate expression system. In general, examples have been specifically chosen because they highlight the importance of careful experimentation and interpretation of data. Consequently, the focus is on the differences that have been found between nematode species rather than the similarities. Finally, there is a detailed discussion of the current status of C. elegans as a heterologous expression system to study parasite gene function and regulation using successful examples from the literature.

scholarly journals Research Note. New data on plant parasitic nematode Longidorus distinctus Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
F. W. Kornobis ◽  
U. Sobczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic

SummaryDuring a survey on the occurrence of the plant parasitic nematodes of the family Longidoridae in Poland, 925 soil samples were taken. Longidorus distinctus was present in 10 (1.08 %) of these samples. In this Research Note we provide: 1) distribution map of these populations, 2) morphometric data, 3) sequence data for D2-D3 28S rDNA and (partial)18S-ITS1 -5.8S(partial) markers and 4) LdistFOR primer (5′-GGCTGTAAAGATATATGCGT-3’) effective in obtaining ITS1 sequence for the species. Morphometric similarities and dissimilarities with data on other published populations are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new rhabditid nematode from milacid slugs

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

A new nematode species belonging to the family Rhabditidae, genus Phasmarhabditis, was isolated in the city of Bari (strain BAR) and near the village Gravina (strain GRA) in Apulia, Italy, and is described herein as Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. The original hosts were Milax sowerbyi and M. gagates. Females are 2623 (2262-2848) μm long with a long tapering tail. Prominent papilla-like phasmids are present. Males are 2096 (1898-2363) μm long. They have a peloderan bursa with nine pairs of rays arranged as 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 3. Each ray bears a single papilla. A non-paired papilla is located near the ventral appendage anterior to the cloacal aperture. Prominent papilla-like phasmids are situated close to the tail tip. Dauer juveniles have lateral fields formed from two prominent wide ridges and have three incisures. Phasmarhabditis apuliae n. sp. seems to be a facultative mollusc-parasitic nematode that is capable, in a similar manner to P. hermaphrodita, of long-term survival in the saprophytic phase on decaying organic matter. Ecology, morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Phasmarhabditis nematodes are discussed.

scholarly journals Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Wit ◽  
Clayton Dilks ◽  
Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sustained Efficacy ◽  
Modes Of Action

Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against parasitic nematode infections, but the arsenal is limited and resistance threatens sustained efficacy of the available drugs. Discoveries of the modes of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related non-parasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss how our understanding of anthelmintic resistance and modes of action came from the interplay of results from each of these species. We argue that this “cycle of discovery”, where results from one species inform the design of experiments in the other, can use the complementary strengths of both to understand anthelmintic modes of action and mechanisms of resistance.

scholarly journals PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH RABBITEYE, SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264D-264
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.

scholarly journals De novo identification of toxicants that cause irreparable damage to parasitic nematode intestinal cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Jasmer ◽  
Bruce A. Rosa ◽  
Rahul Tyagi ◽  
Christina A. Bulman ◽  
Brenda Beerntsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Irreparable Damage

AbstractEfforts to identify new drugs for therapeutic and preventive treatments against parasitic nematodes have gained increasing interest with expanding pathogen omics databases and drug databases from which new anthelmintic compounds might be identified. Here, a novel approach focused on integrating a pan-Nematoda multi-omics data targeted to a specific nematode organ system (the intestinal tract) with evidence-based filtering and chemogenomic screening was undertaken. Based on de novo computational target prioritization of the 3,564 conserved intestine genes in A. suum, exocytosis was identified as a high priority pathway, and predicted inhibitors of exocytosis were tested using the large roundworm (Ascaris suum larval stages), a filarial worm (Brugia pahangi adult and L3), a whipworm (Trichuris muris adult), and the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 10 of 13 inhibitors were found to cause rapid immotility in A. suum L3 larvae, and five inhibitors were effective against the three phylogenetically diverse parasitic nematode species, indicating potential for a broad spectrum anthelmintics. Several distinct pathologic phenotypes were resolved related to molting, motility, or intestinal cell and tissue damage using conventional and novel histologic methods. Pathologic profiles characteristic for each inhibitor will guide future research to uncover mechanisms of the anthelmintic effects and improve on drug designs. This progress firmly validates the focus on intestinal cell biology as a useful resource to develop novel anthelmintic strategies.Author summaryThe intestinal cells of parasitic nematodes are not known to regenerate, therefore disruption of essential processes that cause irreparable damage to intestinal cells is expected to promote worm expulsion. To facilitate improved methods of therapy we need to better understand the basic intestinal cell and tissue functions of this critical organ. To that end have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of multi-omics omics data and identify and prioritize intestinal genes/pathways with essential functions and associated drugs and established a foundational model of the STH intestinal system using the large roundworm Ascaris suum to test and validate inhibitors of these functions. We found 10 inhibitors to impacted motility, and seven of those showed severe pathology and an apparent irreparable damage to intestinal cells. Furthermore, five inhibitors were effective against the three phylogenetically diverse parasitic nematode species, indicating potential for a broad spectrum anthelmintics. Our results firmly validate the focus on intestinal cell biology as a useful resource to develop novel anthelmintic strategies.

scholarly journals Description of two new Ogma Southern, 1914 species (Nemata: Criconematoidea) with a list of plant-parasitic nematode species from Natal

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two new O^nia Southern, 1914 species are described and figured from Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Kamberg Nature Reserve and the Royal Natal National Park. O^ma naomiae spec. nov. females are characterised by having 10 to 12 longitudinal rows of scales on 63 to 69 retrorse body annuli; scales haphazardly arranged on first nine to 10 annuli; scales mostly with two projections, becoming longer toward tail end; all scales with minute protuberances on outer edges; lip region with one annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus. Juveniles with 14 to 16 longitudinal rows of scales on 73 to 76 retrorse body annuli; each scale bearing five to seven sharply pointed processes; one lip annulus with an equal diameter to first body annulus. O^ma ueckermanni spec. nov. females are characterised by eight longitudinal rows of rounded scales on 60 to 67 body annuli becoming longer toward tail tip where they bear two, three or four-pronged processes; roughly sculptured recessed part of annulus extends to follow the outline of the scale almost forming a pillar between two succeeding scales; one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus; raised labial area with six pseudolips and no submedian lobes; margin of lip annulus with rounded tooth-like projections; stylet 49,3 to 60,7 ^m long. A list is given of the 16 known plant-parasitic nematodes found in these areas.

Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Wit ◽  
Clayton Dilks ◽  
Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Parasitic nematode infections impact human and animal health globally, especially in the developing world. Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against these infections, but the arsenal is limited. Additionally, anthelmintic resistance is widespread in veterinary parasites and an emerging threat in human parasites. Discoveries of the mode of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related non-parasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss recent progress understanding anthelmintic resistance using these two species and how that progress relates to laboratory and field-based studies of veterinary helminths. We present a powerful approach enabled by the strengths of both nematode species to understand mechanisms of resistance and modes of action of anthelmintic drugs.

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