Analysis of the Negative Impacts of Coffee Husk on the Local Environment

In a locality wherever intense low process is completed while not appropriate waste management measures, low effluents area unit the principal reason behind organic pollution. Low husk contains caffeine, tannins, and chlorogenic acid, creating it a dangerous exposed husk. The low method has been delivery environmental issues to the environment thanks to the discharge of pollution with a large quantity of organic waste. the target of this work is to research the negative impacts of low husk on the atmosphere to scale back environmental pollution in step with the planet Health Organization, one among the foremost vital problems that enterprises confront as they look for ways to limit their use of the artifact by changing it into value-add products/applications is that the harmful impact of low husk on the atmosphere (WHO).The significance of the experiment is to form low husk as an alternate resource to switch fiber. Methylene chloride liquid-liquid extraction was developed to avoid caffeine, tannin, and CGA spectral overlapping within the three hundred -700 nm wavelength vary. The results indicated increment deadly materials that have an effect on the atmosphere. From the experiment performed low husk are often used as an alternate resource for getting composites for might applications and solve the environmental issues.

Constructive interpersonal leadership relations in knowledge-based organisations: A theoretical framework

Orientation: Acknowledging the need for a deeper understanding of interpersonal communication as part of interpersonal leadership in knowledge-based organisational contexts.Research purpose: This study aimed to propose a theoretically based definition of constructive interpersonal leadership relations (ILRs) and a generic model of ILR with guidelines for fostering constructive ILR in knowledge-based contexts.Motivation for the study: Emerging trends showed knowledge-based organisations presented unique sets of challenges for constructive ILR in South Africa.Research approach/design and method: We conducted a qualitative study using the interpretivist research paradigm. Two convenience samples were used for the data collection: semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight experts in the field, and 31 questionnaires were sent to leaders or followers that examined the micro-perspective in knowledge-based organisations in South Africa. The data analysis and interpretation were performed by thematic analysis.Main findings: We established that the leader–follower dyad is the locus of interpersonal leadership, and that in constructive ILR, leaders or followers actively and mutually nurture the leader–follower dyad, that leaders oversee these relationships without using a formal hierarchy and that the leader–follower interaction has meaning on informational and relational levels.Practical/managerial implications: The findings can be used by leaders in knowledge-based organisations as useful guidelines to create and maintain an organisational environment that is supportive of constructive ILR.Contribution/value-add: This study provides insight into personal attributes relevant for ILR in knowledge-based organisational contexts.

Factors influencing intention to leave of younger employees in an academic institution

Orientation: The retirement age of most of the academics currently in the workforce is approaching fast. To understand factors that would influence younger academics to leave the profession is becoming more important in order for institutions to avoid a knowledge gap and ensure information and skill transfer.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors influencing the intention to leave younger employees in an academic institution. The objective was to explore factors that would result in younger employees leaving the institution.Motivation for study: It is important to understand how younger employees experience the academic world in order to attract, develop and retain them within academia as employees.Research design, approach and method: Purposive sampling was utilised, which provided the researcher the opportunity to gain further understanding on participants whilst exploring their experiences. The participants were under the age of 35 years, either in possession of a master’s degree or in the process of obtaining a master’s degree. A thematic analysis was conducted after 17 semi-structured interviews were completed and transcribed.Main findings: The study revealed that employment practices are the leading reason for the intention to leave of younger academics followed by job satisfaction. Further reasons why employees considered leaving the institution were work engagement and well-being. These findings can assist in developing effective methods of attracting, managing, engaging and retaining these younger employees in the academic institution.Practical/managerial implications: The results of this study provide insights into human resource management practices to better manage and design methods to reduce younger academics’ intention to leave the institution.Contribution/value-add: Thoroughly exploring factors that can influence younger academics’ intention of leaving the profession, meaningful methods to encourage them to stay in these academic institutions could be designed.

An Investigation into Expectations of the Chief Information Officer's Role and Knowledge, Skills and Experience that Support It: a Dyadic IT-Business Perspective in NZ Local Government

<p>The CIO role is changing and becoming more strategic, in fact some CIOs even have a role in formulating their organisations strategic direction based on technology innovations. Yet the research that indicates this new role for CIOs is often reporting the experience in large private sector organisations. Is the experience similar in the public sector, especially what are the role expectations of CIOs in small local authority organisations where resources are tight and IT expenditure is subject to public scrutiny? This research explored the expectation of the CIO role in the NZ local government context through the eyes of the CIOs themselves and their business colleagues. It found that, in this context, there was both an operational and strategic expectation of the CIO. While CIOs have a strategic role it is not in formulating strategy, but rather in advising potential technology solutions once strategies are formulated. The focus of the CIO's advice is "value-for-money" as much as it is "value-add", as councils deliver as set of defined services to a "captured" customer base. Operational aspects of the CIO role can take priority over the strategic aspects especially in smaller councils with limited resource where the CIO may need to assume a "hands on" role. The study used resource based theory (RBT) to identify which knowledge, skills and attributes CIOs required for each role they performed. Technology skills, general management and IT management experience are valued for the operationally focused roles while leadership, and high-level organisational and IT industry knowledge are needed for the more strategic roles. Highly developed interpersonal skills and attributes are essential for both types of role.</p>

An Investigation into Expectations of the Chief Information Officer's Role and Knowledge, Skills and Experience that Support It: a Dyadic IT-Business Perspective in NZ Local Government

<p>The CIO role is changing and becoming more strategic, in fact some CIOs even have a role in formulating their organisations strategic direction based on technology innovations. Yet the research that indicates this new role for CIOs is often reporting the experience in large private sector organisations. Is the experience similar in the public sector, especially what are the role expectations of CIOs in small local authority organisations where resources are tight and IT expenditure is subject to public scrutiny? This research explored the expectation of the CIO role in the NZ local government context through the eyes of the CIOs themselves and their business colleagues. It found that, in this context, there was both an operational and strategic expectation of the CIO. While CIOs have a strategic role it is not in formulating strategy, but rather in advising potential technology solutions once strategies are formulated. The focus of the CIO's advice is "value-for-money" as much as it is "value-add", as councils deliver as set of defined services to a "captured" customer base. Operational aspects of the CIO role can take priority over the strategic aspects especially in smaller councils with limited resource where the CIO may need to assume a "hands on" role. The study used resource based theory (RBT) to identify which knowledge, skills and attributes CIOs required for each role they performed. Technology skills, general management and IT management experience are valued for the operationally focused roles while leadership, and high-level organisational and IT industry knowledge are needed for the more strategic roles. Highly developed interpersonal skills and attributes are essential for both types of role.</p>

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT TANI MELALUI PELATIHAN MINI GARDEN DI DESA TELAGA LUHUR

Reforestation is one of the important activities that must be implemented conceptually in dealing with environmental crises. Telaga Luhur Village, Waringin Kurung Sub-district, Serang-Banten is one of the villages that is quite active in supporting reforestation programs. In an effort to save the environment, the community together with relevant stakeholders have carried out various reforestation activities. The activity aims to examine how the form of community involvement in reforestation efforts in the Sidilem village area. The community has actually been involved in the process of planning, providing, maintaining, and supervising reforestation activities. However, the community considers that the condition of green space in Sidelem village is currently very minimal. Reforestation activities are carried out with various objectives, including: to add ecological value, add aesthetic value, obtain economic benefits, as well as reasons to support government programs. The presence of stakeholders consisting of the City Government, Village Government, Non-Governmental Institutions, Private/CSR, and Community/Academics has contributed greatly to the development of reforestation activities in the service area

Threshold capital structure and predictors of choice between distribution strategies

Orientation: The determination of a threshold capital structure and company specific attributes as predictors of choice between distribution strategies is crucial in the creation of shareholders’ wealth.Research aim: To investigate whether the change in regimes given a threshold capital structure maximises distribution strategies over the period 1990–2017 and 1999–2017. In addition, the study examined how the capital ratio and company specific attributes were used in the process of choosing between distribution strategies.Motivation for the study: The need to determine the impact of the capital ratio within different regions on distribution strategies motivated this study. In addition, the majority of studies on predictors of choice between distribution strategies have ignored the dual and the no distribution policy alternatives relative to share repurchases.Research approach/design and method: all the data used in this research were sourced from the Iress data bases. The research employed an advanced panel threshold regression estimation and a multinomial logistic regression (pooled and fixed effects using the generalised structural equation model).Main findings: Firstly, over the period 1990–2017 the empirical results revealed the existence of a single threshold effect between the debt-to-equity ratio and the dividend payments, and a double threshold effect between the total debt based on the book value and the dividend payment. Secondly, the choice between distribution strategies was driven by company specific attributes.Practical/managerial implication: These findings provide useful insights to South African managers for formulating and maximizing pay-out decisions.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the scant body of knowledge on the effect of threshold capital ratio and company specific attributes on distribution strategies.