Altered muscle mitochondrial, inflammatory and trophic markers and reduced exercise training adaptations in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Background Intensive-insulin treatment (IIT) strategy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with sedentary behaviour and the development of insulin resistance. Exercising patients with T1DM often utilize a conventional insulin treatment (CIT) strategy leading to increased insulin sensitivity through improved intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. It is unclear how these exercise-related metabolic adaptations in response to exercise training relate to individual fibre-type transitions, and whether these alterations are evident between different insulin strategies (CIT vs. IIT). Purpose: This study examined glycogen and fat content in skeletal muscle fibres of diabetic rats following exercise-training. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control-Sedentary, CIT- and IIT-treated diabetic sedentary, and CIT-exercised trained (aerobic/resistance; DARE). After 12 weeks, muscle-fibre lipids and glycogen were compared through immunohistochemical analysis. Results The primary findings were that both IIT and DARE led to significant increases in type I fibres when compared to CIT, while DARE led to significantly increased lipid content in type I fibres compared to IIT. Conclusions These findings indicate that alterations in lipid content with insulin treatment and DARE are primarily evident in type I fibres, suggesting that muscle lipotoxicity in type 1 diabetes is muscle fibre-type dependant.

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Exercise Training Lowers Plasma Visfatin Concentrations in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-1013 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 4702-4704 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Dominik G. Haider ◽

Johannes Pleiner ◽

Mario Francesconi ◽

Günther F. Wiesinger ◽

Markus Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training

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A model of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and its treatment with aerobic exercise training

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2013.02.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 226-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C.W.J. Melling ◽

K.N. Grisé ◽

C.P. Hasilo ◽

B. Fier ◽

K.J. Milne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

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Moderate-intensity Exercise Training in Sole and Simultaneous Forms with Insulin Ameliorates the Experimental Type 1 Diabetes-induced Intrinsic Apoptosis in Testicular Tissue

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0985-4332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (14) ◽

pp. 909-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zahra Samadian ◽

Javad Tolouei Azar ◽

Sana Moshari ◽

Mazdak Razi ◽

Asghar Tofighi

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Tunel Staining ◽

Intrinsic Apoptosis ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Induced Apoptosis

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of moderate-intensity exercise training in sole and simultaneous forms with insulin on experimental type 1 diabetes (T1D)-induced apoptosis. A total of 36 mature male Wistar rats were divided into six equally sized groups, including sedentary control (Con), moderate-intensity exercise training (E-sole), sedentary T1D-induced (D-sole), moderate-exercise-trained T1D-induced (DE), insulin-treated sedentary T1D-induced (DI) and exercise-trained, and insulin-treated T1D-induced (DEI) groups. The 6-week exercise training intervention was involved 30 min of moderate-intensity running on a treadmill once daily (5 days/week). Next, tubular differentiation (TDI) and spermiogenesis (SPI) indices were assessed. The Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 expressions were determined using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. Finally, the TUNEL staining was used to analyze the apoptosis ratio. The moderate-intensity exercise training in the sole and when simultaneously considered with insulin (DEI) maintained testicular cellularity, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression, reduced Bax expression and ameliorated the diabetes-induced apoptosis. We failed to show remarkable alterations in caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels in the DE group versus D-sole animals. In conclusion, the moderate-intensity exercise training is able to potentially protect testicular cells from T1D-induced intrinsic apoptosis via up-regulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax expressions. Moreover, it amplifies the insulin-induced anti-apoptotic impacts.

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Glycemic responses to strenuous training in male professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes: a prospective observational study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olivia McCarthy ◽

Max L Eckstein ◽

Sam N Scott ◽

Federico Y Fontana ◽

Mark P Christiansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Observational Study ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Physiological Data ◽

P Value ◽

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽

Increased Risk

IntroductionThis prospective observational study sought to establish the glycemic, physiological and dietary demands of strenuous exercise training as part of a 9-day performance camp in a professional cycling team with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research design and methodsSixteen male professional cyclists with T1D on multiple daily injections (age: 27±4 years; duration of T1D: 11±5 years; body mass index: 22±2 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin: 7%±1% (50±6 mmol/mol); maximum rate of oxygen consumption: 73±4 mL/kg/min) performed road cycle sessions (50%–90% of the anaerobic threshold, duration 1–6 hours) over 9 consecutive days. Glycemic (Dexcom G6), nutrition and physiological data were collected throughout. Glycemic data were stratified into predefined glycemic ranges and mapped alongside exercise physiology and nutritional parameters, as well as split into daytime and night-time phases for comparative analysis. Data were assessed by means of analysis of variance and paired t-tests. A p value of ≤0.05 (two-tailed) was statistically significant.ResultsHigher levels of antecedent hypoglycemia in the nocturnal hours were associated with greater time spent in next-day hypoglycemia overall (p=0.003) and during exercise (p=0.019). Occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with over three times the risk of next-day hypoglycemia (p<0.001) and a twofold risk of low glucose during cycling (p<0.001). Moreover, there was trend for a greater amount of time spent in mild hypoglycemia during the night compared with daytime hours (p=0.080).ConclusionThe higher prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of next-day hypoglycemia, which extended to cycle training sessions. These data highlight the potential need for additional prebed carbohydrates and/or insulin dose reduction strategies around exercise training in professional cyclists with T1D.Trial registration numberDRKS00019923.

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