scholarly journals A STEP to Improved CAD

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Complete Product ◽  
Product Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
A Company

This article highlights that by using a standard that enables complete product model data to be transmitted digitally, a company can build open systems to make information available on many platforms throughout its operations. The world of CAD/CAM has viewed the International Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) as its translation standard for years, using the system to move two-dimensional models from one program to another. While IGES does, in fact, do a good job of transmitting basic geometry, another translator—the Standard for the Exchange of Product Data (STEP) —has been gaining on IGES in popularity. STEP goes considerably further than just transmitting geometry; it provides users with the ability to express and exchange digitally useful product information throughout a product's life cycle, including design, analysis, manufacturing, and support. In short, IGES transmits two-dimensional drawings, while STEP transmits complete product models. The updated schema, consisting of an ASCII file written in EXPRESS, is simply run through a utility that merges the extensions that have been added by Unigraphics with the standard ST-Developer libraries. Updating the translator to incorporate an upgraded version of the libraries is just as easy.

System Independent Product Models in Computer Aided Elastomeric Compact Seal Design

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Independent Product

Abstract In this work the problem of designing a CAD-system independent product model data base, to be used in computer aided elastomeric seal design, is treated. It is shown how a general purpose turn-key CAD-system can be used together with an external product model data base and external calculation programs. The importance of storing product information in a CAD-system independent data base instead of on drawings in one particular CAD-system is pointed out. This is of special interest from long time storage point of view, as product related information is expected to live longer in a manufacturing company than one particular CAD-system. In order to be able to transmit data between the CAD-system and the external product model data base, and between the data base and the external calculation programs, special interfaces must be designed. Here it is demonstrated how such interface programs can be designed using FORTRAN 77 and a particular graphic application program language available in the CAD-system CDM 300. For the creation of the data base and for the data storage and data retrieval, the data base management system TORNADO is used. Finally the simultaneous use of the CAD-system, the external data base and the calculation program, when designing an elastomeric seal cross section, is demonstrated with a test example.

Integrated Process Planning Based on 3D Product Models

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hong Qiao ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Group Technology ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Feature Based

One of the major barriers to the integration of CAD, CAPP and CAM is insufficiency and incompatibility of product model data among various application systems. This paper presented an effective approach to achieve integrated process planning with CAD and CAM under a product data management environment based on 3D product models. The system architecture and the processes of an integrated process planning system (3D-IPP) were constructed using feature information and specific CAD/CAPP/CAM integration technologies based on feature. A feature-based product information model is designed as the information source for the 3D-IPP. A feature-based integrated process planning method was developed based on group technology, intelligent decision-making algorithms and parametric operation templates in numerically controlled (NC) programming. The procedures of intelligent process route planning and parametric NC operation planning were addressed. The 3D-IPP system and its implementation provide an effective solution to strive for complete information sharing among application systems of CAD, CAPP and CAM.

scholarly journals The Open Assembly Model for the Exchange of Assembly and Tolerance Information: Overview and Example

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Baysal ◽  
U. Roy ◽  
R. Sudarsan ◽  
R. D. Sriram ◽  
K. W. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Assembly Model ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Seamless Integration

In early design phases an effective information exchange among CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools depends on a standardized representation for the product data in all PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) tools. The NIST Core Product Model (CPM) and its extension are proposed to provide the required base-level product model that is open, non-proprietary, generic, extensible, independent of any one product development process and capable of capturing the full engineering context commonly shared in product development [1,2]. The Open Assembly Model (OAM) Model extends CPM to provide a standard representation and exchange protocol for assembly. The assembly information model emphasizes the nature and information requirements for part features and assembly relationships. The model includes both assembly as a concept and assembly as a data structure. For the latter it uses the model data structures of ISO 10303, informally known as the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP)[3]. The objective of the paper is to show how the OAM can be used to realize seamless integration of product information, with an emphasis on assembly, throughout all phases of a product design. A gearbox design example is used to illustrate the process.

A Formal EXPRESS-to-OWL Mapping Algorithm

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Lin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Meta Modeling ◽  
Modeling Theory ◽  
Product Data Modeling

Network-based collaborative product development has become a trend in manufacturing industry, which depends on two key information technology: the Semantic Web and the standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP). EXPRESS is the STEP product data modeling language, and OWL is the standard ontology representing language used in the Semantic Web. Only when the EXPRESS models are converted to OWL models, product information can be exchanged at the Web. The ontology meta-modeling theory was employed to analysis the ontology definition metamodel of EXPRESS and OWL, in order to build up the mapping relationship between them. A formal EXPRESS-to-OWL mapping algorithm is then proposed, represented by abstract syntax.

The Implementation of STEP Schemas

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Current Step ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Technical Architecture

Abstract The Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP - ISO 10303) is an international standard for the communication of product information between heterogenous systems. In this presentation, the question of how STEP should be implemented is examined. The objectives of the STEP Development process are presented and the resulting effect that these objectives had on the structure of the standard is explained. However, conflicting objectives resulted in a structure that lacked appropriate mechanisms for dealing efficiently with implementation considerations. The STEP Development Process is compared/contrasted with a database design process to discern where implementation considerations (i.e., tuning, optimization) should take place within the process. A technical architecture for the standard is presented and a missing component of the standard is identified and explained: the Implementation Schema. Current STEP efforts with respect to Implementation Schemas are then presented.

scholarly journals Compilation of Step Ap-214 Data to Generate Computer Aided Process Planning for Automotive Parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 645-653
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Feature Technology

The current manufacturing scenario feature technology which supports the integration of various systems of CAD with CAM then CAM with CAPP or any other computer aided systems. The most important function supported by feature technology the transfer of product and process data. Product model data is the standard for exchange of product information from one CAD system to different systems for seamless integration with CAM. Most of the CAD systems are developing the software’s are using STEP AP-214 product model data. AP-214 is a systematic neutral data format for developing a feature-based process planning. In this paper, collection of STEP AP-214 based product model data as stated by ISO 10303 to identify the features of the product for manufacturing of prismatic part and generating a standard process plan. Further, this process planning is used to generate computer numerical control (NC) codes for CAM system to complete the manufacturing of part.

Modeling and Transfer of Product Model Digital Data for DDG 51 Class Destroyer Program

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
William R. Schmidt ◽  
James R. Vander Schaaf ◽  
Richard V. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Modeling Technique ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ongoing Project ◽  
Weapons Systems

The significant benefits achieved by the Navy from application of a CAD/CAM modeling technique to the Aegis Destroyer Construction Program are described. Building a computer model of the ship—the Arleigh Burke Class (DDG 51)—prior to construction reduces interferences and improves design accuracy and completeness. Major challenges addressed by the paper are the translation to CAD of an existing paper design and the transfer of three-dimensional CAD product models in order to permit construction of the ship at two different yards. This ongoing project represents a major cooperative effort between the Navy, design agencies, weapons systems manufacturers, and two private shipyards.

STEP for Shipbuilding: A Solution for Product Model Data Exchange

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
L. Benthall ◽  
T. Briggs ◽  
B. Downie ◽  
B. Gischner ◽  
B. Kassel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Step Standard

An international standard (ISO 10303) has been created to facilitate the exchange of product models between diverse computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Informally known as STEP (standard for the exchange of product model data), this specification has been under development since the mid 1980s, and parts of it were approved as international standards beginning in 1994. Efforts to expand STEP to meet the needs of the shipbuilding industry have been in work for many years and are nearing completion. By early 2003, it is expected that four application protocols to facilitate the transfer of information relating to ship structures, piping, and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning will have been approved as international standards and become part of the overall STEP standard. This article discusses the successful efforts to expand STEP to meet the needs of the shipbuilding industry, as well as outlining the various implementation and testing projects that have been undertaken to ensure the validity and success of these new standards.

A Study of Information Technology in Airlines

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
Punyaslok Sarkar ◽  
Debasish Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
A Company

This is a study of information technology within a company and how it works and its structure. In this case, it’s a airlines company called Air India and how IT helps in running the different flights around the world.

Review of form 483s and warning letters to pharmaceutical manufacturers issued by USFDA

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432110235
Author(s):  
Chandan Saini ◽  
Ashish Miglani ◽  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Responsible Person

Regular inspections are carried out to ensure system conformity by the Food and Drugs Regulatory Authority (FDA) of the United States one of the most stringent regulatory authorities in the world. The inspectors send Form 483 to the management after the inspection, detailing the inappropriate conditions. Because the FDA guidelines are difficult to comply with, a company can contravene the regulations. If any significant infringements can affect the protection, quality, effectiveness, or public health of the drug is identified, the FDA issues advice to the company. Warning Letters (WL) shall be an official notification of non-compliance with federal law within a period to be issued by manufacturer, clinician, distributor, or responsible person in the company. The delivery of a letter has a considerable impact on the company's reputation and position in the market. Inadequate WL reactions could lead to a refusal, import denial, memorandum or even conviction and order. A brief study was conducted in this document of Form 483 and WL for four years (2017–2020) on an understanding the regulatory provisions.

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