Wind, Fire and High-Rises

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (07) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Madrzykowski ◽  
Stephen Kerber ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Prabodh Panindre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Engineering Practices

This article focuses on the need for synergy between the practical experience of fire departments and cutting-edge engineering practices that could lead to significant improvements in firefighting and firefighter safety. Experiments on Governors Island have been conducted to examine the effects of natural ventilation and positive pressure ventilation on a fire. The experiments would also allow researchers to study the means of egress from the building, and how conditions were affected by the use of wind control devices and high-rise nozzles. These studies provided real-scale data to guide the development of appropriate tactical operations for use under wind-driven conditions. Given the high cost and limited opportunities for full-scale experiments, modeling has used to address the need of understanding how to implement the tactics in buildings and under conditions outside the test parameters before the fire department would fully implement the new tactics as standard operating procedure. The Polytechnic Institute has developed a web-based, interactive multimedia general methodology, as well as a specific tool called Advanced Learning in Integrated Visual Environments (ALIVE).

Technique to Improve Performance of Positive Pressure Ventilation Tactic in High-Rise Fires

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Atulya Narendranath ◽  
Vinay Kanive Manjunath ◽  
John Ceriello
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a firefighting tactic that can assist firefighters in venting of smoke and high temperature combustion products in a more efficient manner and make the fire-rescue /suppression operation safer than without PPV. The pressure created by PPV operation must be greater than that of created by spread of fire. In real-life structures such as high-rise buildings, considering the leakages and size of stairwells, it becomes difficult to achieve the desired pressure at upper floors using PPV operation. With the help from FDNY (Fire Department of New York), on-site tests and computer simulation techniques were performed to study the behavior of PPV tactic. A technique was developed that significantly increases the positive pressure level achieved by a typical PPV operation. The efficacy of this technique was tested by conducting on-site experiments and numerical simulation methods using computational fluid dynamics software - Fluent 12.0 and NIST’s Fire dynamic simulator (FDS 5.0). The results of on-site experiments and numerical simulation methods found to be in close agreement with each other and confirmed the efficacy of this technique in improving the performance of typical PPV operation. This paper describes the results obtained from these on-site tests and numerical simulation methods. As FDNY is in the phase of implementing this instrument to ease and improve the PPV deployment operation, numerical simulation methods have been used to optimize this technique and the analysis discussed in this study also simplifies the PPV fan deployment operation for firefighters.

New Paradigms

2010 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Hamish Holewa
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
International Research ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
Web Based ◽  
International Research Program ◽  
Research Efficiency

The chapter aims to document the challenges associated with the management of an international research program and to look at innovative, information technology (IT) based ways of tackling these. Through the medium of a case study, insights gained from practical experience developing and implementing an original web based collaborative research management tool are discussed. This tool is based on a centralised model of information distribution and access. It was designed following a reductionist analysis of existing research processes and procedures. The ways in which the integration of responsive IT processes into the management of a large international research program have removed redundancies and increased automation and research efficiency is also discussed.

Standard operating procedure for loading/unloading operations and navigational safety of bulk carriers as per charter party requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-739
Author(s):  
Lu Pie-Ya ◽  
Chou Chien-Chang
Keyword(s):  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Marine Accidents

According to the Review of Maritime Transport published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 2018, 53.57% of total global seaborne trade volume was transported by bulk carriers in 2017. Bulk cargo shipment is one of the major modes of transportation in the international trade. Many bulk carrier marine accidents each year are caused by inappropriate cargo loading/unloading operation procedures. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to establish a standard operating procedure for cargo handling and navigational safety management guidelines for bulk carriers. The standard operating procedure proposed in this article is developed based on loading/unloading theories, international rules and regulations, case studies, a literature review, expert opinions, and practical experience from some captains, as well as the author who has worked as a bulk carrier captain for more than 20 years. The developed standard operating procedure can be offered to bulk carrier captains, ship owners and charterers, and ship safety management companies for improving navigational safety and avoiding cargo damage.

scholarly journals Towards an algorithmic synthesis of thermofluid systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas B. Weber ◽  
Michael Hartisch ◽  
Alexander D. Herbst ◽  
Ulf Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract Individual technical components are usually well optimized. However, the design process of entire technical systems, especially in its early stages, is still dominated by human intuition and the practical experience of engineers. In this context, our vision is the widespread availability of software tools to support the human-driven design process with the help of modern mathematical methods. As a contribution to this, we consider a selected class of technical systems, so-called thermofluid systems. From a technical point of view, these systems comprise fluid distribution as well as superimposed heat transfer. Based on models for simple fluid systems as extensively studied in literature, we develop model extensions and algorithmic methods directed towards the optimized synthesis of thermofluid systems to a practical extent. Concerning fluid systems, we propose a Branch-and-Bound framework, exploiting problem-specific characteristics. This framework is then further analyzed using the application example of booster stations for high-rise buildings. In addition, we demonstrate the application of Quantified Programs to meet possible resilience requirements with respect to the systems generated. In order to model basic thermofluid systems, we extend the existing formulation for fluid systems by including heat transfer. Since this consideration alone is not able to deal with dynamic system behavior, we face this challenge separately by providing a more sophisticated representation dealing with the temporal couplings that result from storage components. For the considered case, we further show the advantages of this special continuous-time representation compared to the more common representation using discrete time intervals.

scholarly journals Evacuation egress in high rise building: Review of the current design evacuation solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrina Mansor ◽  
Yazmin Sahol Hamid ◽  
Nurul Huda Suliman ◽  
Nursafarina Ahmad ◽  
Noorfaizah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Engineering Practices

In the aftermath of the September 11th attack, design of tall buildings particularly in the aspect of safety systems and structural robustness, arguably the most crucial issues that is deliberated till to date. Concerning the safety systems specifically on evacuation egress, many novels and innovative evacuation solutions for high rise buildings that have been researched and put forward, for instances Platform Rescue Systems (PRS), Controlled Descent Devices (CDD) and Escape Chutes. Still, the practicability of the existing proposed egress systems to be implemented in the real-life situation and its compliance with the tall building design legislation remain unknown. For developing countries such as Malaysia and United Arab Emirates, tall buildings play a role as an iconic landmark. While countries like China and Hong Kong, tall building is needed due to the scarcity of land and high populations. As more than one hundred tall structure exists in the world, and will be increasing by 2020; therefore, it is urgently needed that existing engineering practices in designing tall building to be reviewed with respect to evacuation egress. The main objective of this paper is to create awareness among developers, consultants and contractors that proper evacuation egress in tall building design and development is a must. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing engineering practices on tall building evacuation planning systems and design. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the currently proposed systems and its consideration amongst structural and safety engineers are also reported.

scholarly journals The Influence of High-Rise Buildings on Pedestrian-Level Wind in Surrounding Street Canyons in an Urban Renewal Project

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ling Huang ◽  
Chien-Yuan Kuo ◽  
Chun-Ta Tzeng ◽  
Chi-Ming Lai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
Renewal Project ◽  
Urban Renewal Project ◽  
Shielding Effects

The pedestrian wind environment in a street canyon is affected by a multitude of factors, including the height and geometric shape of the surrounding buildings, the street width, the wind direction, and speed. Wind-tunnel tests were performed to determine the effects of constructing high buildings in an urban renewal project in New Taipei City, Taiwan on the pedestrian wind environments in the surrounding street canyons. The results show that replacing the original low-rise buildings with high-rise buildings could decrease the wind speed and natural ventilation potential in certain surrounding street canyons. The flow fields generated by approaching winds in various street canyons are highly complex in this practical case study. Thus, the pedestrian wind patterns in the street canyons cannot be interpreted in terms of channeling and shielding effects alone, as is typically reported in the literature.

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