scholarly journals Organ Banking

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (05) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Yoed Rabin ◽  
Jedediah Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Thermomechanical Stress ◽  
Converging Technologies ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
The Past

This article focuses on various technological innovations in the field of cryopreservation of human tissues. In order to further explore how engineers from various disciplines can offer a broader and improved set of tools to tackle preservation challenges, ASME and the Organ Preservation Alliance are co-organizing the Summit on Organ Banking through Converging Technologies in Boston, Mass., in August 2017. Techniques for successful cryopreservation have been developed over the past five decades for several tissue types. To achieve vitrification, cryobiologists introduce glass-promoting solutions known as cryoprotective agents (CPAs) into the tissue. As researchers push the boundaries on the ability to cryopreserve bulky tissues and large organs, a new thermal challenge emerges called rapid cooling, which can potentially give rise to dangerous thermomechanical stress driven by the tendency of the material to contract with temperature.

scholarly journals Organ preservation: from the past to the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Jing ◽  
Leeann Yao ◽  
Michael Zhao ◽  
Li-ping Peng ◽  
Mingyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organ Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Immediate Oral Rehabilitation Using Dental Implants After Marginal Mandibulectomy: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
pp. 0000-0000
Author(s):  
Paulo Domingos Ribeiro ◽  
Nataira R Momesso ◽  
Luis Eduardo Marques Padovan ◽  
Daniel Oreadi ◽  
Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Hybrid Prosthesis ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Marginal Mandibulectomy

Mandibular reconstruction techniques are always a challenge to oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons. Techniques and treatment plans that offer the patient OMF rehabilitation should always be available. Technological innovations have enabled more rapid, safer, and secure treatment than in the past. This article describes a case using a different approach. The patient was treated with marginal mandibulectomy and immediate rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants; a hybrid prosthesis was fabricated a short time thereafter. This treatment plan demonstrated its utility and efficiency in this case. An approach with fewer surgeries and OMF rehabilitation needs be considered in all cases.

Technological Innovation in China's Recent Industrialization

1984 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The intimate, though as yet imperfectly understood, causal relation-ship between scientific and technological development and the economic growth in industrially advanced countries over the past 30 years has been investigated and refined over a number of years, and attempts have been made to quantify the relationship. Although a strong scientific and technological (S & T) base does not by itself guarantee rapid economic growth, most observers consider it to be a necessary prerequisite, after a certain level of development has been reached. One of the main ways that S & T act on the economic system is by the generation of new knowledge through research activities and the application of this in production. Such application often results in new products and processes which are grouped under the term “technological innovations.” The innovation process is usually defined as “the technical, industrial and commercial steps which lead to the successful marketing of new manufactured products and/or to the commercial use of technically new processes or equipment.”

scholarly journals The Spy Power, Technological Innovations, and the Human Dimensions of Intelligence: Recent Presidential Abuse of America’s Secret Agencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Loch K Johnson
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Human Side ◽  
The Many

The purpose of national security intelligence is to provide policy officials with an advantage in the making of effective policy, based on the collection and analysis of accurate information from around the world that can help to illuminate a decision. Foreknowledge is invaluable in the service of a nation’s security; and, in the gathering of useful information, technological innovations in the world of intelligence can result in a stronger shield to protect citizens against the many dangers that lurk across the continents in this uncertain and hostile world.  Despite all the marvels of modern espionage tradecraft, the governments that rely on them must still deal with the human side of intelligence activities. Unfortunately, arrogance, shortsightedness, laziness, frenetic schedules, and the corrosive influences of power (among other flaws) often lead policy officials to ignore or warp the advantages they could accrue from advanced intelligence spycraft, if they would only use these sources and methods properly. This article examines some of the problems that imperfect human behavior has created for intelligence in the United States at the highest levels of government over the past two decades.

Technology and Timbre: Features of the Changing Instrumental Soundscape of the Long Nineteenth Century (1789–1914)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bradley Strauchen-Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Element ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Technological Developments

Over the past four hundred years, instrument makers and performers have pursued extended range, the ability to play louder, the capacity to play more chromatic notes, and the desire for a more homogeneous tone. The technological innovations and redefinition of playing technique needed to realize these goals nearly always resulted in changes to an instrument’s timbre. Newly emerging technologies such as advanced key systems and valves accelerated this process during the Second Industrial Revolution and the timbral identity of wind instruments, brass in particular, was recast. Although often superficially understood as a linear progression, the narrative of technological developments and their adoption is a confluence of many factors in which timbre is a primary element. The use of new technologies was governed by factors including performer and listener expectations, prevailing aesthetics, national preferences, class distinctions associated with particular repertoires and groups of performers, and the socio-timbral connotations of instruments. Performers and listeners became attuned to the multifaceted timbral palette created by the simultaneous use of old and new instrumental technologies during the nineteenth century and composers used both to create highly nuanced soundscapes. The eventual replacement of these instruments by their modern successors reflected more than technological progress and served to diminish composers’ timbral intentions. Although initially the preserve of the historically informed performance movement, increased appreciation for the distinctive timbral characteristics of many superseded instruments is leading to a reappraisal of their use in the modern orchestra and as a medium for contemporary composers.

scholarly journals The Future of Analytical and Interpretative Toxicology: Where are We Going and How Do We Get There?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M R Wille ◽  
Simon Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right

Abstract (Forensic) toxicology has faced many challenges, both analytically and interpretatively, especially in relation to an increase in potential drugs of interest. Analytical toxicology and its application to medicine and forensic science have progressed rapidly within the past centuries. Technological innovations have enabled detection of more substances with increasing sensitivity in a variety of matrices. Our understanding of the effects (both intended and unintended) have also increased along with determination and degree of toxicity. However, it is clear there is even more to understand and consider. The analytical focus has been on typical matrices such as blood and urine but other matrices could further increase our understanding, especially in postmortem (PM) situations. Within this context, the role of PM changes and potential redistribution of drugs requires further research and identification of markers of its occurrence and extent. Whilst instrumentation has improved, in the future, nanotechnology may play a role in selective and sensitive analysis as well as bioassays. Toxicologists often only have an advisory impact on pre-analytical and pre-interpretative considerations. The collection of appropriate samples at the right time in an appropriate way as well as obtaining sufficient circumstance background is paramount in ensuring an effective analytical strategy to provide useful results that can be interpreted within context. Nevertheless, key interpretative considerations such as pharmacogenomics and drug–drug interactions as well as determination of tolerance remain and in the future, analytical confirmation of an individual’s metabolic profile may support a personalized medicine and judicial approach. This should be supported by the compilation and appropriate application of drug data pursuant to the situation. Specifically, in PM circumstances, data pertaining to where a drug was not/may have been/was contributory will be beneficial with associated pathological considerations. This article describes the challenges faced within toxicology and discusses progress to a future where they are being addressed.

Cryopreservation of equine oocytes: looking into the crystal ball

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine De Coster ◽  
Daniel Angel Velez ◽  
Ann Van Soom ◽  
Henri Woelders ◽  
Katrien Smits
Keyword(s):  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Oocyte Vitrification ◽  
Crystal Ball ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chromosome Alignment

Invitro embryo production has evolved rapidly in the horse over the past decade, but blastocyst rates from vitrified equine oocytes remain quite poor and further research is needed to warrant application. Oocyte vitrification is affected by several technical and biological factors. In the horse, short exposure of immature oocytes to the combination of permeating and non-permeating cryoprotective agents has been associated with the best results so far. High cooling and warming rates are also crucial and can be obtained by using minimal volumes and open cryodevices. Vitrification of invivo-matured oocytes has yielded better results, but is less practical. The presence of the corona radiata seems to partially protect those factors that are necessary for the construction of the normal spindle and for chromosome alignment, but multiple layers of cumulus cells may impair permeation of cryoprotective agents. In addition to the spindle, the oolemma and mitochondria are also particularly sensitive to vitrification damage, which should be minimised in future vitrification procedures. This review presents promising protocols and novel strategies in equine oocyte vitrification, with a focus on blastocyst development and foal production as most reliable outcome parameters.

Using Technology to Reintegrate Learning and Doing

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Chris Allen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Training

“Learning” has classically been subdivided into education and training. Whereas education occurs in classroom-type settings and takes one away from work, the vocational nature of training means that much of the learning goes on in the process of work or preparing for work. In addition, pressures arising from globalism and the transition from a manufacturing-based to an information-based economy have led to an increased need to train our workforce. In order to survive and remain competitive in this changing landscape, companies such as IBM have over the past two decades taken a renewed look at learning and embraced technological innovations that allow training to dovetail seamlessly into work. This chapter looks at some of the learning solutions IBM has developed to meet these challenges. The solutions have implications for how we as a society view the construct of education.

Innovation Finance Beyond Bitcoin

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-258
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Koutsoupakis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Business World ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Alternative Finance ◽  
The Impact

Over the past two decades, the diffusion of technological innovations introduced to the finance industry has been inconceivable. Internet, at the end of the 20th century, brought e-commerce, later e-payments, and more recently, e-money. Such innovations in digital world increase the impact on the business world, and so might do cryptocurrencies, currently spreading out across the globe. To this end, this chapter builds up an across-the-board synthesis of current investment trends and analysis, aiming to lead a way forward for research on this uncharted breed of alternative finance assets looming anew.

Innovation Styles, Processes, and their Drivers

2015 ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Jha ◽  
Indranil Bose
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Organizational Impact ◽  
The Past

Technology innovation is not just a result of funds invested in research and development of a firm; it is a culmination of long-standing investments in well-thought-out processes, plans, and strategies. The chapter aims to address these aspects of technological innovations. The innovation process is a unique one, and each firm has a different style of bringing in innovation as per their requirements. These diverse innovation requirements are a direct consequence of the organizational structure and the innovation philosophies that those structures have embedded in them. Based on academic research done over the past decades on topics of organizational impact of innovation, the authors analyze the different innovation philosophies that organizations have, the processes that organizations use to promote innovation, as well as the drivers that impact these philosophies and processes.

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