Design of Air and Liquid Cooling Systems for Electronic Components Using Concurrent Simulation and Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunc Icoz ◽  
Nitin Verma ◽  
Yogesh Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

The design of cooling systems for electronic equipment is getting more involved and challenging due to increase in demand for faster and more reliable electronic systems. Therefore, robust and more efficient design and optimization methodologies are required. Conventional approaches are based on sequential use of numerical simulation and experiment. Thus, they fail to use certain advantages of using both tools concurrently. The present study is aimed at combining simulation and experiment in a concurrent manner such that outputs of each approach drive the other to achieve better engineering design in a more efficient way. In this study, a relatively simple problem, involving heat transfer from multiple heat sources simulating electronic components and located in a horizontal channel, was investigated. Two experimental setups were fabricated for air and liquid cooling experiments to study the effects of different coolants. De-ionized water was used as the liquid coolant in one case and air in the other. The effects of separation distance and flow conditions on the heat transfer and on the fluid flow characteristics were investigated in detail for both coolants. Cooling capabilities of different cooling arrangements were compared and the results from simulations and experiments were combined to create response surfaces and to find the optimal values of the design parameters.

Design of Air and Liquid Cooling Systems for Electronic Components Using Concurrent Simulation and Experiment

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Icoz ◽  
N. Verma ◽  
Y. Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Concurrent Simulation

The design of cooling systems for electronic equipment is getting more involved and challenging due to increase in demand for faster and more reliable electronic systems. Therefore, robust and more efficient design and optimization methodologies are required. Conventional approaches are based on sequential use of numerical simulation and experiment. Thus, they fail to use certain advantages of using both tools concurrently. The present study is aimed at combining simulation and experiment in a concurrent manner such that outputs of each approach drives the other to achieve better engineering design in a more efficient way. In this study, a relatively simple problem involving heat transfer from multiple heat sources, simulating electronic components, located in a horizontal channel was investigated experimentally and numerically. Two experimental setups were fabricated for air and liquid cooling experiments to study the effects of different coolants. De-ionized water was used as the liquid coolant in one case and air in the other. The effects of separation distance and flow conditions on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics were investigated in details for both coolants. Cooling capabilities of different cooling arrangements were compared and the results from simulations and experiments were combined to provide quantitative inputs for the design. The domains over which experimental or the numerical approach is superior to the other are determined. Simulations are used to guide the experiments and vice versa. It is found that the proposed optimization methodology can be implemented in the design of cooling systems for electronic components for faster and more efficient convergence. This methodology can also be extended to more complex and practical electronic systems.

Design Optimization of Size and Geometry of Vortex Promoter in a Two-Dimensional Channel

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunc Icoz ◽  
Yogesh Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

Thermal management of electronic equipment is one of the major technical problems in the development of electronic systems that would meet increasing future demands for speed and reliability. It is necessary to design cooling systems for removing the heat dissipated by the electronic components efficiently and with minimal cost. Vortex promoters have important implications in cooling systems for electronic devices, since these are used to enhance heat transfer from the heating elements. In this paper, an application of dynamic data driven optimization methodology, which employs concurrent use of simulation and experiment, is presented for the design of the vortex promoter to maximize the heat removal rate from multiple protruding heat sources located in a channel, while keeping the pressure drop within reasonable limits. Concurrent use of computer simulation and experiment in real time is shown to be an effective tool for efficient engineering design and optimization. Numerical simulation can effectively be used for low flow rates and low heat inputs. However, with transition to oscillatory and turbulent flows at large values of these quantities, the problem becomes more involved and computational cost increases dramatically. Under these circumstances, experimental systems are used to determine the component temperatures for varying heat input and flow conditions. The design variables are taken as the Reynolds number and the shape and size of the vortex promoter. The problem is a multiobjective design optimization problem, where the objectives are maximizing the total heat transfer rate Q and minimizing the pressure drop ΔP. This multiobjective problem is converted to a single-objective problem by combining the two objective functions in the form of weighted sums.

Optimization of Vortex Promoter Design Using a Dynamic Data Driven Approach

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunc Icoz ◽  
Yogesh Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

Thermal management of electronic equipment is one of the major technical problems in the development of electronic systems that would meet increasing future demands for speed and reliability. It is necessary to design cooling systems for removing the heat dissipated by the electronic components efficiently and with minimal cost. Vortex promoters have important implications in cooling systems for electronic devices, since these are used to enhance heat transfer from the heating elements. In this paper, an application of Dynamic Data Driven Optimization Methodology (DDDOM), which employs concurrent use of simulation and experiment, is presented for the design of the vortex promoter to maximize the heat removal rate from multiple protruding heat sources located in a channel, while keeping the pressure drop within reasonable limits. Concurrent use of computer simulation and experiment in real time is shown to be an effective tool for efficient engineering design and optimization. Numerical simulation can effectively be used for low flow rates and low heat inputs. However, with transition to oscillatory and turbulent flow at large values of these quantities, the problem becomes more involved and computational cost increases dramatically. Under these circumstances, experimental systems are used to determine the component temperatures for varying heat input and flow conditions. The design variables are taken as the Reynolds number and the shape and size of the vortex promoter. The problem is a multi-objective design optimization problem, where the objectives are maximizing the total heat transfer rate, as given by the Nusselt number, Nu, and minimizing the pressure drop, ΔP. This multi–objective problem is converted to a single-objective problem by combining the two objective functions of the form Nutota/ΔPb, where a and b are constants.

Reverberatory Furnace CFD Modeling for Efficient Design: Burners and Chimney Location

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Alshehhi ◽  
Mohamed I. Hassan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Reverberatory Furnace ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Furnace Performance ◽  
Transfer Flow

Reverberatory furnaces improper burners and chimney location would cause a significant scape of hot gases and shorten their residence time in the furnace and therefore reduce the convective heat transfer opportunity to the metal and walls surfaces. Appropriate burners location and orientation, as well as the chimney location, are very expensive to adjust in practical furnaces by trial and error to maximize the furnace performance. This study aimed to develop a validated 3-D CFD furnace model for studying the effect of burners’ location and orientation, chimney location and flow momentum on the hot gases residence time, heat transfer, flow and temperature distribution as well as the overall exergetic efficiency of the furnace. The results reflect the optimum design parameters for maximizing the furnace performance.

Effect of the Inclination on Three-Dimensional Incompressible Fluid Flow in a Discretely Heated Cavity

2013 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Lahoucine Belarche ◽  
Btissam Abourida ◽  
Slawomir Smolen ◽  
Touria Mediouni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Incompressible Fluid Flow ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer

Natural convection in inclined cubic cavity, discretely heated, is studied numerically using a three-dimensional finite volume formulation. Two heating square portions are placed on the vertical wall of the enclosure, while the rest of the considered wall is adiabatic. These sections, similar to the integrated electronic components, generate a heat flux q". The opposite vertical wall is maintained at a cold uniform temperature Tc and the other walls are adiabatic. The fluid flow and heat transfer in the cavity are studied for different sets of the governing parameters, namely the Rayleigh number Ra (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 107), the cavity inclination γ (- 45° ≤ γ ≤ 45°) and the position of the heating sections λ (0.3 ≤ λ ≤ 0.7). The dimensions of the heater sections, ε = D / H and the longitudinal aspect ratio of the cavity Ax = H / L are respectively fixed to 0.35 and 1.

scholarly journals The development of a liquid cooling test system for the analysis of porous surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benjamin Sherson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Test System ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Porous Microstructures ◽  
Silver Surfaces

<p>Closed-loop liquid cooling systems are used in a wide variety of high temperature environments, as liquids tend a higher thermal conductivity than air. Microchannels and porous microstructures have proved to be useful in improving the cooling capabilities of cooling systems, due to their increased surface area in contact with the cooling fluid. This thesis describes the design, development, and evaluation of a closed-loop liquid cooling test system. This system was utilised in analysing the thermal properties of porous microstructures for use in improving cooling capabilities. Flow rate and pressure sensors were fitted onto a standard closed loop liquid cooling system design, and thermocouples were attached to the system to measure the temperature at various points, as well as measure heat flux. Using these measurements, the thermal and hydraulic resistances of the system could be calculated. Various substrates were fabricated using both freeze casting and other techniques, and the thermal and hydraulic resistances of these substrates were characterized using the test system. The test system performed very well, with results matching the trends as expected from theory. However, no improvement in heat transfer was observed from microstructured silver surfaces compared to a solid copper reference surface. This may be due to the formation of oxides and/or sulphides on these silver surfaces, resulting in a reduction in the convective heat transfer from these layers.</p>

scholarly journals The development of a liquid cooling test system for the analysis of porous surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benjamin Sherson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Test System ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Porous Microstructures ◽  
Silver Surfaces

<p>Closed-loop liquid cooling systems are used in a wide variety of high temperature environments, as liquids tend a higher thermal conductivity than air. Microchannels and porous microstructures have proved to be useful in improving the cooling capabilities of cooling systems, due to their increased surface area in contact with the cooling fluid. This thesis describes the design, development, and evaluation of a closed-loop liquid cooling test system. This system was utilised in analysing the thermal properties of porous microstructures for use in improving cooling capabilities. Flow rate and pressure sensors were fitted onto a standard closed loop liquid cooling system design, and thermocouples were attached to the system to measure the temperature at various points, as well as measure heat flux. Using these measurements, the thermal and hydraulic resistances of the system could be calculated. Various substrates were fabricated using both freeze casting and other techniques, and the thermal and hydraulic resistances of these substrates were characterized using the test system. The test system performed very well, with results matching the trends as expected from theory. However, no improvement in heat transfer was observed from microstructured silver surfaces compared to a solid copper reference surface. This may be due to the formation of oxides and/or sulphides on these silver surfaces, resulting in a reduction in the convective heat transfer from these layers.</p>

Internal Cooling Channels Design Investigations: Aerothermal Optimisation of Ribbed U-Bends

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe T. Lott ◽  
Ingrid Lepot ◽  
Emmanuel Chérière ◽  
François Thirifay ◽  
Klaus Semmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Cooling

The design of turbine cooling systems remains one of the most challenging processes in engine development. Modern turbine cooling systems indeed invariably combine internal convection cooling with external film cooling in complex flow systems. The heat transfer and cooling processes are at the limit of current understanding and engine designers heavily rely on empirical tools and engineering judgment to produce new designs. These designs are moreover developed in the context of continuously increasing Turbine Entry Temperature (TET) as the latter leads to improvement of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). The present contribution fits into the frame of the ongoing FP7 ER-ICKA project. It focuses on achieving a significant progress in understanding turbine blade passages internal cooling systems by gathering high quality experimental data and by developing cooling state-of-the-art design capabilities based upon computer codes calibrated through these experimental data. In this context, the paper will describe the design optimisation and analysis work performed for two different internal cooling passages configurations, namely a static leading edge LP configuration passage (baseline experimentally tested at Stuttgart University) and a rotating mid-chord HP configuration passage (baseline experimentally tested at ONERA). The aim of the work was to develop a design methodology to optimise turbulence promoting ribs shape and arraying to improve the thermal behaviour of the internal cooling passages while avoiding excessive head loss. The optimisation was driven using decoupled rib design parameters for each ribbed wall to enhance flow interactions and maximise disturbances, to maximise potential increase in Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs). Any improvement in the thermal behaviour of the cooling system may indeed allow to either reduce the coolant mass flow rate requirements or increase the TET. To drive these optimisations, the ultimate target was hence to reduce the maximum blade metal temperature. To this end, suitable cost functions (objectives and constraints) have been derived and implemented. They will first be presented and discussed along with the parameterisations, so as to define the complete optimisation specification. The computational chain setup, among which the challenging mesh regeneration choices set based on a mesh dependence study will then be detailed. Validation of the CFD evaluation against the experimental results will be described for the static baseline configuration at least (rotating test measurements are still ongoing) and the optimisation results, which have led to significant gains in HTCs, will finally be analysed, data mining techniques allow to identify key parameters, path taken in the conception space and major trends.

Conjugate Heat Transfer and Film Cooling of a Multi-Stage Cooling Scheme

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghorab ◽  
S. I. Kim ◽  
I. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Internal Gap

Cooling techniques play a key role in improving efficiency and power output of modern gas turbines. The conjugate technique of film and impingement cooling schemes is considered in this study. The Multi-Stage Cooling Scheme (MSCS) involves coolant passing from inside to outside turbine blade through two stages. The first stage; the coolant passes through first hole to internal gap where the impinging jet cools the external layer of the blade. Finally, the coolant passes through the internal gap to the second hole which has specific designed geometry for external film cooling. The effect of design parameters, such as, offset distance between two-stage holes, gap height, and inclination angle of the first hole, on upstream conjugate heat transfer rate and downstream film cooling effectiveness performance are investigated computationally. An Inconel 617 alloy with variable properties is selected for the solid material. The conjugate heat transfer and film cooling characteristics of MSCS are analyzed across blowing ratios of Br = 1 and 2 for density ratio, 2. This study presents upstream wall temperature distributions due to conjugate heat transfer for different gap design parameters. The maximum film cooling effectiveness with upstream conjugate heat transfer is less than adiabatic film cooling effectiveness by 24–34%. However, the full coverage of cooling effectiveness in spanwise direction can be obtained using internal cooling with conjugate heat transfer, whereas adiabatic film cooling effectiveness has narrow distribution.

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