Jet Fuel Deposition and Oxidation: Dilution, Materials, Oxygen, and Temperature Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zabarnick ◽  
P. Zelesnik ◽  
R. R. Grinstead
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Antioxidant Concentration ◽  
Fuel Deposition

Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and pressure measurements are used for determination of jet fuel thermal stability in a batch reactor. The QCM is able to monitor extremely small amounts of deposition in situ, while the pressure measurements provide qualitative data on the oxidation process. The dependence of the deposition amount was monitored as a function of the oxygen availability for two fuels. Also, the effect of QCM electrode materials was investigated. Deposition and oxidation were compared for the following electrode materials: gold, aluminum, silver, and platinum. We also studied the effect of dilution on oxidation and deposition. Jet fuel was diluted with increasing amounts of hydrocarbon solvent. It was observed that this dilution procedure can help characterize a fuel’s effective antioxidant concentration. Fuel dilution is also shown to be a good technique for improving thermal stability characteristics of poor fuels. Additionally we have studied the temperature effect on deposition for two fuels over the range 140 to 180°C.

scholarly journals Jet Fuel Deposition and Oxidation: Dilution, Materials, Oxygen, and Temperature Effects

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Zabarnick ◽  
Paula Zelesnik ◽  
Rebecca R. Grinstead
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Antioxidant Concentration ◽  
Fuel Deposition

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and pressure measurements are used for determination of jet fuel thermal stability in a batch reactor. The QCM is able to monitor extremely small amounts of deposition in situ, while the pressure measurements provide qualitative data on the oxidation process. The dependence of the deposition amount was monitored as a function of the oxygen availability for two fuels. Also, the effect of QCM electrode materials was investigated. Deposition and oxidation were compared for the following electrode materials: gold, aluminum, silver, and platinum. We also studied the effect of dilution on oxidation and deposition. Jet fuel was diluted with increasing amounts of hydrocarbon solvent. It was observed that this dilution procedure can help characterize a fuel’s effective antioxidant concentration. Fuel dilution is also shown to be a good technique for improving thermal stability characteristics of poor fuels. Additionally we have studied the temperature effect on deposition for two fuels over the range 140 to 180 C.

Parameters for the Design of Tailings Dams

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari K. Mittal ◽  
Norbert R. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Tailings Dams ◽  
Infiltration Test

Tailings dams differ from conventional earthfill structures in that much more time is available to optimize design since their construction is extended over a longer period. Laboratory data are presented on a variety of tailings sands which indicate that they are relatively strong and incompressible. Poor performance is likely to result from inadequate seepage control and instability due to liquefaction. In order to take advantage of opportunities for ongoing design, in situ permeability and density monitoring is needed together with pore pressure measurements. An infiltration test for the determination of permeability above the water table is proposed. In situ density determinations are made by driving a nuclear probe into the sands. The latter technique offers considerable promise for evaluating liquefaction potential of natural and fill deposits. Field experience is used to illustrate the application of the techniques.

Effect of reaction time on the process of upgrading heavy oils in the presence and in the absence of oil soluble catalysts at 250 ° C

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
M.A. Suwaid ◽  
◽  
A.A. Al-muntaser ◽  
N.I. Abdaljalil ◽  
M.A. Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Analysis Measurement ◽  
Catalyst Increase

This work presents the possibility of improving the quality of heavy oil during in-situ upgrading using oil-soluble catalysts based on copper (copper oleate) at 250 ° C under high pressure for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using a 300 ml stainless steel batch reactor. Different technique analyzes for heavy oil befor and after upgrading were carried out: Analysis of the evolved gas components by gas chromatography, determination of the group composition of oil (SARA analysis), measurement of viscosity, gas chromatographic analysis of saturated hydrocarbons. The results showed that with an increase in the time of experiments and the use of oil-soluble catalysts, the content of saturated fractions increases due to a decrease in the content of resins and asphaltenes, which leads to a decrease in viscosity of heavy oil from 2073.7 to 1290.5 mPa.s. According to the obtained results, it can be said that reaction time and the use of an oil-soluble catalyst increase the efficiency of the in-situ upgrading.

In situ construction of hollow carbon spheres with N, Co, and Fe co-doping as electrochemical sensors for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8950-8958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Shunxing Li ◽  
Huiwu Yu ◽  
Fengying Zheng ◽  
Luxiu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Hollow Carbon ◽  
Hollow Carbon Spheres

Control of the active sites/centers plays an important role in the design of novel electrode materials with unusual properties and achievement of sensors with high performance.

Thermal gravimetric analysis of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers • poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) • polyethylene glycol

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
LEE A. GOETZ ◽  
AJI P. MATHEW ◽  
KRISTIINA OKSMAN ◽  
ARTHUR J. RAGAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Methyl Vinyl Ether

The thermal stability and decomposition of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers – poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) – polyethylene glycol formulations (PMVEMA-PEG), (25%, 50%, and 75% whiskers) – were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The thermal degradation behavior of the films varied according to the percent cellulose whiskers in each formulation. The presence of cellulose whiskers increased the thermal stability of the PMVEMA-PEG matrix.

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