Effect of reaction time on the process of upgrading heavy oils in the presence and in the absence of oil soluble catalysts at 250 ° C

This work presents the possibility of improving the quality of heavy oil during in-situ upgrading using oil-soluble catalysts based on copper (copper oleate) at 250 ° C under high pressure for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using a 300 ml stainless steel batch reactor. Different technique analyzes for heavy oil befor and after upgrading were carried out: Analysis of the evolved gas components by gas chromatography, determination of the group composition of oil (SARA analysis), measurement of viscosity, gas chromatographic analysis of saturated hydrocarbons. The results showed that with an increase in the time of experiments and the use of oil-soluble catalysts, the content of saturated fractions increases due to a decrease in the content of resins and asphaltenes, which leads to a decrease in viscosity of heavy oil from 2073.7 to 1290.5 mPa.s. According to the obtained results, it can be said that reaction time and the use of an oil-soluble catalyst increase the efficiency of the in-situ upgrading.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON OVER CATALYTIC CRACKING OF CRUDE PALM OIL

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature in carbon production on its performance in the catalystic cracking of CPO to fuel. The carbon was produced using palm shell at 2 different temperatures (450 and 550oC). The cracking of CPO was carried out with and without the active carbon catalyst. The result showed that the use of catalyst increase the conversion of both gas and liquid conversion. The use of higher temperature in the production of active carbon catalyst increased the performance of the catalyst, in particular, for the liquid conversion. Keywords :Activated carbon, catalyst, catalytic cracking, crude palm oil

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION METAL PRECURSOR Co AND Mo ON CHARACTER OF CoMo / USY CATALYST

<p>The preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts using impregnation method with a variation of concentration of precursor sequence Co and Mo metal obtained catalyst K 1 [Co (0.018 M) - Mo (0.037 M)/USY]. K 2 [Co (0.026 M) - Mo (0.055 M)/USY], K 3 [Co (0.035 M) - Mo (0.074 M)/USY], K 4 [Co (0.05 M) - Mo (0.11 M )/USY] and K 5 [Co (0.107 M) - Mo (0.22 M)/USY].</p><p>Character of the catalyst in terms of crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The result shows that there is no cristalinity damage of USY after impregnation but the amorphous cristalin structure was obtained. Amount of metal content was analyzed by XRF and the catalyst morphology by SEM-EDS. The result shows that the higher the concentration of Co and Mo so that find the higher content of metal in catalyst of the prepared catalyst increase. K 4 shows the best characteristic of catalysts prepared in this research. Analysis of K 4 is proving that Co and Mo are presented in catalyst</p>

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION METAL PRECURSOR Co AND Mo ON CHARACTER OF CoMo / USY CATALYST

<p>The preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts using impregnation method with a variation of concentration of precursor sequence Co and Mo metal obtained catalyst K 1 [Co (0.018 M) - Mo (0.037 M)/USY]. K 2 [Co (0.026 M) - Mo (0.055 M)/USY], K 3 [Co (0.035 M) - Mo (0.074 M)/USY], K 4 [Co (0.05 M) - Mo (0.11 M )/USY] and K 5 [Co (0.107 M) - Mo (0.22 M)/USY].</p><p>Character of the catalyst in terms of crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The result shows that there is no cristalinity damage of USY after impregnation but the amorphous cristalin structure was obtained. Amount of metal content was analyzed by XRF and the catalyst morphology by SEM-EDS. The result shows that the higher the concentration of Co and Mo so that find the higher content of metal in catalyst of the prepared catalyst increase. K 4 shows the best characteristic of catalysts prepared in this research. Analysis of K 4 is proving that Co and Mo are presented in catalyst</p>

Synthesis, Characterization and Activity Pattern of Carbon Nanofibres Based Cu-ZrO2 Catalyst in the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol

Carbon nanofibers based Cu-ZrO2 catalysts (Cu-ZrO2/CNF) were synthesized by deposition precipitation method. Carbon nanofibers of herringbone type were used as a catalyst support. Before using as catalyst support, carbon nanofibers were oxidized to (CNF-O) with 10 % (v/v) nitric acid solution. A series of catalyst with various copper loadings of 10, 15 and 20 wt% were synthesized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed that degree of crystallization of catalyst increase with increasing the concentration of copper content in the catalyst. BET studies showed higher surface area for low loading of copper. Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) analyses concluded good interaction of catalyst particles with higher loading of copper. The performance of Cu-ZrO2/CNF catalysts in hydrogenation of CO2 reaction was studied in slurry-typed reactor at 443 K, 30 bar and H2: CO2 ratio of 3:1. The highest yield of methanol was achieved using the 20 wt% copper loading.

Kinetics and Mechanism ofmeso-Tetraphenylporphyrin Iron(III) Chloride Catalysed Oxidation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid by Peroxomonosulphate

Mechanistic study onmeso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride (TPP) catalysed oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid by peroxomonosulphate (oxone) in aqueous acetonitrile medium has been carried out. The reaction follows a first order with respect to both substrate and oxidant. The order with respect to catalyst was found to be fractional. The order of reaction with respect to catalyst varies with a concentration of catalyst. Increase in percentage of acetonitrile decreased the rate. The reaction fails to initiate polymerization, and a radical mechanism is ruled out. Activation and thermodynamic parameters have been computed. A suitable kinetic scheme based on these observations is proposed. Significant catalytic activity is observed for the reaction system in the presence of TPP.

A green process for the preparation of 11-{4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine

A green process for the synthesis of 11-{4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]- 1-piperazinyl}dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine by the reaction of 11-(1-piperazinyl) dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine or its dihydrochloride salt with 2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethanol in the presence of an inorganic base and water is reported (conversion 99.9 % in a short time and without any impurities). The metal halides and phase transfer catalyst increase the rate of reaction, especially in water as the solvent.

Lifetime of PEMFCs

In this paper reactions having strong influence on the lifetime of PEMFCs are described. These lifetime limiting reactions are related to the catalyst (increase of the particle size, catalyst dissolution, oxidation of the carbon catalyst support, catalyst deactivation by contaminants), to the membrane (degradation, loss of membrane humidification, increase of membrane resistance), and corrosion of structural components (e.g. metallic bipolar plates). Examples for such reactions are shown and rate determinining parameter are discussed.