Effect of Pressure on Emission Characteristics in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. In order to enhance thermal efficiency of IGCC and to reduce NOx emission, a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor for IGCC was designed, tested, and the performance of the combustor was evaluated under pressurized conditions. The designed combustor had the following three characteristics: (1) in order to assure the stable combustion burning low-Btu gas (LBG), an auxiliary combustion chamber was installed at the entrance of the combustor; (2) to reduce fuel NOx emission that was produced from the ammonia (NH3) in the fuel, the rich-lean combustion method was introduced; and (3) to compensate for the declined cooling-air associated with the higher temperature of the gas turbine, the tested combustor was equipped with a dual-structure transition piece so that the cooling air in the transition piece can be recycled to cool down the combustor liner wall. As a result of combustor tests, it is confirmed that CO emission is less than 20 ppm, the conversion rate of NH3 which contains about 1000 ppm in the coal gasified fuel to NOx shows 40 percent or below, and the liner wall temperature remained below almost 850°C under high pressure (1.4 MPa), rated load condition.

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Effect of Pressure on Emission Characteristics in LBG-Fueled 1500 °C -Class Gas Turbine

Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations ◽

10.1115/97-gt-277 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takeharu Hasegawa ◽

Mikio Sato ◽

Tohru Ninomiya

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Load Condition ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Structure Transition ◽

Transition Piece ◽

Cooling Air

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. In order to enhance thermal efficiency of IGCC and to reduce NOx emission, a 1500 °C -class gas turbine combustor for IGCC was designed, tested and the performance of the combustor was evaluated under pressurized conditions. The designed combustor had three characteristics: 1) In order to assure the stable combustion burning low-Btu gas (LBG), an auxiliary combustion chamber was installed at the entrance of the combustor. 2) To reduce fuel NOx emission that was produced from the ammonia (NH3) in the fuel, the rich-lean combustion method was introduced. 3) To compensate for the declined cooling-air associated with the higher temperature of the gas turbine, the tested combustor was equipped with a dual-structure transition piece so that the cooling air in the transition piece can be recycled to cool down the combustor liner wall. As a result of combustor tests, it is confirmed that CO emission is less than 20ppm, the conversion rate of NH3 which contains about 1000ppm in the coal gasified fuel to NOx shows 40 percent or below, and the liner wall temperature remained below almost 850 °C under high pressure (1.4MPa), rated load condition.

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Development of Low NOx Combustion Technology in Medium-Btu Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine Combustor in an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.1496772 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Hasegawa ◽

T. Hisamatsu ◽

Y. Katsuki ◽

M. Sato ◽

H. Koizumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Nitrogen Injection ◽

Coal Gasifier ◽

Coal Fuel ◽

Thermal Nox ◽

Low Nox Emission

The development of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures higher thermal efficiency and environmentally sound options for supplying future coal utilizing power generation needs. The Japanese government and electric power industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system using an air-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier. On the other hand, Europe and the United States are now developing the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration plants. Gasified coal fuel produced in an oxygen-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier, has a calorific value of 8–13 MJ/m3 which is only 1/5–1/3 that of natural gas. However, the flame temperature of medium-Btu gasified coal fuel is higher than that of natural gas and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. In the oxygen-blown IGCC, a surplus nitrogen produced in the air-separation unit (ASU) is premixed with gasified coal fuel (medium-Btu fuel) and injected into the combustor, to reduce thermal-NOx production and to recover the power used for the ASU. In this case, the power to compress nitrogen increases. Low NOx emission technology which is capable of decreasing the power to compress nitrogen is a significant advance in gas turbine development with an oxygen-blown IGCC system. Analyses confirmed that the thermal efficiency of the plant improved by approximately 0.3% (absolute) by means of nitrogen direct injection into the combustor, compared with a case where nitrogen is premixed with gasified coal fuel before injection into the combustor. In this study, based on the fundamental test results using a small diffusion burner and a model combustor, we designed the combustor in which the nitrogen injection nozzles arranged on the burner were combined with the lean combustion technique for low-NOx emission. In this way, we could reduce the high-temperature region, where originated the thermal-NOx production, near the burner positively. And then, a combustor with a swirling nitrogen injection function used for a gas turbine, was designed and constructed, and its performance was evaluated under pressurized conditions of actual operations using a simulated gasified coal fuel. From the combustion test results, the thermal-NOx emission decreased under 11 ppm (corrected at 16% O2 ), combustion efficiency was higher than 99.9% at any gas turbine load. Moreover, there was different effects of pressure on thermal-NOx emission in medium-Btu fuel fired combustor from the case of a natural gas fired combustor.

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Coal Gaseous Fueled, Low Fuel-NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations ◽

10.1115/90-gt-381 ◽

1990 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

T. Ninomiya ◽

T. Nakata ◽

T. Yoshine ◽

M. Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Gas Turbine Combustor ◽

Lean Combustion ◽

Combustion Technology ◽

Fuel Nox

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low–BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program on the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, is planned to develop the 1300 °C class gas turbines. However, in the case of using a hot type fuel gas cleaning system, the coal gas fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel–NOx combustion technology is one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel–NOx combustion technology for 1300 °C class gas turbine combustor using low BTU coal gas fuel. Authors have showed that the rich–lean combustion method is effective to decrease fuel–NOx (1). In general in rich–lean combustion method, the fuel–NOx decreases, as the primary zone becomes richer. But flameholding becomes very difficult in even rich primary zone. For this reason this combustor was designed to have a flameholder with pilot flame. Combustion tests were conducted by using a full scale combustor used in 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure condition.

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Siemens SGT-800 Industrial Gas Turbine Enhanced to 50MW: Combustor Design Modifications, Validation and Operation Experience

Volume 1B: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions ◽

10.1115/gt2013-95478 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel Lörstad ◽

Annika Lindholm ◽

Jan Pettersson ◽

Mats Björkman ◽

Ingvar Hultmark

Keyword(s):

Combustion Chamber ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Cooling System ◽

Good Condition ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Combustion Stability ◽

Combustion System ◽

Design Work ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Cooling Air

Siemens Oil & Gas introduced an enhanced SGT-800 gas turbine during 2010. The new power rating is 50.5MW at a 38.3% electrical efficiency in simple cycle (ISO) and best in class combined-cycle performance of more than 55%, for improved fuel flexibility at low emissions. The updated components in the gas turbine are interchangeable from the existing 47MW rating. The increased power and improved efficiency are mainly obtained by improved compressor airfoil profiles and improved turbine aerodynamics and cooling air layout. The current paper is focused on the design modifications of the combustor parts and the combustion validation and operation experience. The serial cooling system of the annular combustion chamber is improved using aerodynamically shaped liner cooling air inlet and reduced liner rib height to minimize the pressure drop and optimize the cooling layout to improve the life due to engine operation hours. The cold parts of the combustion chamber were redesigned using cast cooling struts where the variable thickness was optimized to maximize the cycle life. Due to fewer thicker vanes of the turbine stage #1, the combustor-turbine interface is accordingly updated to maintain the life requirements due to the upstream effect of the stronger pressure gradient. Minor burner tuning is used which in combination with the previously introduced combustor passive damping results in low emissions for >50% load, which is insensitive to ambient conditions. The combustion system has shown excellent combustion stability properties, such as to rapid load changes and large flame temperature range at high loads, which leads to the possibility of single digit Dry Low Emission (DLE) NOx. The combustion system has also shown insensitivity to fuels of large content of hydrogen, different hydrocarbons, inerts and CO. Also DLE liquid operation shows low emissions for 50–100% load. The first SGT-800 with 50.5MW rating was successfully tested during the Spring 2010 and the expected performance figures were confirmed. The fleet leader has, up to January 2013, accumulated >16000 Equivalent Operation Hours (EOH) and a planned follow up inspection made after 10000 EOH by boroscope of the hot section showed that the combustor was in good condition. This paper presents some details of the design work carried out during the development of the combustor design enhancement and the combustion operation experience from the first units.

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Simulation and optimization integrated gasification combined cycle by used aspen hysys and aspen plus

International Journal of Scientific World ◽

10.14419/ijsw.v3i1.4583 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Mohsen Darabi ◽

Mohammad Mohammadiun ◽

Hamid Mohammadiun ◽

Saeed Mortazavi ◽

Mostafa Montazeri

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Aspen Plus ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Parameters Estimation ◽

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽

Support Tool ◽

Simulation And Optimization ◽

Aspen Hysys ◽

Integrated Gasification

<p>Electricity is an indispensable amenity in present society. Among all those energy resources, coal is readily available all over the world and has risen only moderately in price compared with other fuel sources. As a result, coal-fired power plant remains to be a fundamental element of the world's energy supply. IGCC, abbreviation of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, is one of the primary designs for the power-generation market from coal-gasification. This work presents a in the proposed process, diluted hydrogen is combusted in a gas turbine. Heat integration is central to the design. Thus far, the SGR process and the HGD unit are not commercially available. To establish a benchmark. Some thermodynamic inefficiencies were found to shift from the gas turbine to the steam cycle and redox system, while the net efficiency remained almost the same. A process simulation was undertaken, using Aspen Plus and the engineering equation solver (EES).The The model has been developed using Aspen Hysys® and Aspen Plus®. Parts of it have been developed in Matlab, which is mainly used for artificial neural network (ANN) training and parameters estimation. Predicted results of clean gas composition and generated power present a good agreement with industrial data. This study is aimed at obtaining a support tool for optimal solutions assessment of different gasification plant configurations, under different input data sets.</p>

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Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

Volume 4: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/89-gt-104 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

T. Abe ◽

T. Ninomiya ◽

T. Nakata ◽

T. Yoshine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Generation System ◽

Combustion Technology ◽

Power Generation System ◽

Combustion Tests ◽

Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

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Thermodynamic analysis of high temperature nuclear reactor coupled with advanced gas turbine combined cycle

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci19s4187j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽

pp. 1187-1197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marek Jaszczur ◽

Michal Dudek ◽

Zygmunt Kolenda

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Power Plant ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Thermodynamic Analysis ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Oil Processing

One of the most advanced and most effective technology for electricity generation nowadays based on a gas turbine combined cycle. This technology uses natural gas, synthesis gas from the coal gasification or crude oil processing products as the energy carriers but at the same time, gas turbine combined cycle emits SO2, NOx, and CO2 to the environment. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of environmentally friendly, high temperature gas nuclear reactor system coupled with gas turbine combined cycle technology has been investigated. The analysed system is one of the most advanced concepts and allows us to produce electricity with the higher thermal efficiency than could be offered by any currently existing nuclear power plant technology. The results show that it is possible to achieve thermal efficiency higher than 50% what is not only more than could be produced by any modern nuclear plant but it is also more than could be offered by traditional (coal or lignite) power plant.

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System Status of the Water-Cooled Gas Turbine for the High Temperature Turbine Technology Program

Volume 1A: Gas Turbines ◽

10.1115/79-gt-39 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

A. Caruvana ◽

W. H. Day ◽

G. A. Cincotta ◽

R. S. Rose

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

General Electric Company ◽

Technology Program ◽

Coal Gas ◽

Electric Company ◽

Commercial Viability ◽

The Status

This paper presents an update on the status of the technology of the water-cooled gas turbine developed by the General Electric Company under contracts with EPRI, ERDA, and DOE. Particular emphasis is devoted to the design and development of water-cooled composite turbine nozzles and buckets, and a sectoral combustor designed for low-Btu coal-derived gas operation. The operating characteristics of a low-temperature coal gas chemical cleanup system which is to be added to the coal gasification facility are also discussed. Status of the materials and process developments in support of the designs are also presented, as are updates to the Phase I HTTT Program combined-cycle studies, which evaluate the commercial viability of integrated coal gasification and combined-cycle operation.

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