Potential assessment on gas turbine combined cycle with alternative gaseous fuel from coal gasification

<p>Electricity is an indispensable amenity in present society. Among all those energy resources, coal is readily available all over the world and has risen only moderately in price compared with other fuel sources. As a result, coal-fired power plant remains to be a fundamental element of the world's energy supply. IGCC, abbreviation of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, is one of the primary designs for the power-generation market from coal-gasification. This work presents a in the proposed process, diluted hydrogen is combusted in a gas turbine. Heat integration is central to the design. Thus far, the SGR process and the HGD unit are not commercially available. To establish a benchmark. Some thermodynamic inefficiencies were found to shift from the gas turbine to the steam cycle and redox system, while the net efficiency remained almost the same. A process simulation was undertaken, using Aspen Plus and the engineering equation solver (EES).The The model has been developed using Aspen Hysys® and Aspen Plus®. Parts of it have been developed in Matlab, which is mainly used for artificial neural network (ANN) training and parameters estimation. Predicted results of clean gas composition and generated power present a good agreement with industrial data. This study is aimed at obtaining a support tool for optimal solutions assessment of different gasification plant configurations, under different input data sets.</p>

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Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

Volume 4: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/89-gt-104 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

T. Abe ◽

T. Ninomiya ◽

T. Nakata ◽

T. Yoshine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Generation System ◽

Combustion Technology ◽

Power Generation System ◽

Combustion Tests ◽

Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

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Thermodynamic analysis of high temperature nuclear reactor coupled with advanced gas turbine combined cycle

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci19s4187j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽

pp. 1187-1197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marek Jaszczur ◽

Michal Dudek ◽

Zygmunt Kolenda

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Power Plant ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Thermodynamic Analysis ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Oil Processing

One of the most advanced and most effective technology for electricity generation nowadays based on a gas turbine combined cycle. This technology uses natural gas, synthesis gas from the coal gasification or crude oil processing products as the energy carriers but at the same time, gas turbine combined cycle emits SO2, NOx, and CO2 to the environment. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of environmentally friendly, high temperature gas nuclear reactor system coupled with gas turbine combined cycle technology has been investigated. The analysed system is one of the most advanced concepts and allows us to produce electricity with the higher thermal efficiency than could be offered by any currently existing nuclear power plant technology. The results show that it is possible to achieve thermal efficiency higher than 50% what is not only more than could be produced by any modern nuclear plant but it is also more than could be offered by traditional (coal or lignite) power plant.

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System Status of the Water-Cooled Gas Turbine for the High Temperature Turbine Technology Program

Volume 1A: Gas Turbines ◽

10.1115/79-gt-39 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

A. Caruvana ◽

W. H. Day ◽

G. A. Cincotta ◽

R. S. Rose

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

General Electric Company ◽

Technology Program ◽

Coal Gas ◽

Electric Company ◽

Commercial Viability ◽

The Status

This paper presents an update on the status of the technology of the water-cooled gas turbine developed by the General Electric Company under contracts with EPRI, ERDA, and DOE. Particular emphasis is devoted to the design and development of water-cooled composite turbine nozzles and buckets, and a sectoral combustor designed for low-Btu coal-derived gas operation. The operating characteristics of a low-temperature coal gas chemical cleanup system which is to be added to the coal gasification facility are also discussed. Status of the materials and process developments in support of the designs are also presented, as are updates to the Phase I HTTT Program combined-cycle studies, which evaluate the commercial viability of integrated coal gasification and combined-cycle operation.

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Effect of Pressure on Emission Characteristics in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2818170 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 481-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Hasegawa ◽

M. Sato ◽

T. Ninomiya

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Load Condition ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Structure Transition ◽

Transition Piece ◽

Cooling Air

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. In order to enhance thermal efficiency of IGCC and to reduce NOx emission, a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor for IGCC was designed, tested, and the performance of the combustor was evaluated under pressurized conditions. The designed combustor had the following three characteristics: (1) in order to assure the stable combustion burning low-Btu gas (LBG), an auxiliary combustion chamber was installed at the entrance of the combustor; (2) to reduce fuel NOx emission that was produced from the ammonia (NH3) in the fuel, the rich-lean combustion method was introduced; and (3) to compensate for the declined cooling-air associated with the higher temperature of the gas turbine, the tested combustor was equipped with a dual-structure transition piece so that the cooling air in the transition piece can be recycled to cool down the combustor liner wall. As a result of combustor tests, it is confirmed that CO emission is less than 20 ppm, the conversion rate of NH3 which contains about 1000 ppm in the coal gasified fuel to NOx shows 40 percent or below, and the liner wall temperature remained below almost 850°C under high pressure (1.4 MPa), rated load condition.

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System Evaluation and LBTU Fuel Combustion Studies for IGCC Power Generation

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2815452 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 673-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. S. Cook ◽

J. C. Corman ◽

D. M. Todd

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Gas Turbine Combustor ◽

Gas Cleaning ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cycle Systems ◽

Combined Cycles

The integration of gas turbines and combined cycle systems with advances in coal gasification and gas stream cleanup systems will result in economically viable IGCC systems. Optimization of IGCC systems for both emission levels and cost of electricity is critical to achieving this goal. A technical issue is the ability to use a wide range of coal and petroleum-based fuel gases in conventional gas turbine combustor hardware. In order to characterize the acceptability of these syngases for gas turbines, combustion studies were conducted with simulated coal gases using full-scale advanced gas turbine (7F) combustor components. It was found that NOx emissions could be correlated as a simple function of stoichiometric flame temperature for a wide range of heating values while CO emissions were shown to depend primarily on the H2 content of the fuel below heating values of 130 Btu/scf (5125 kJ/NM3) and for H2/CO ratios less than unity. The test program further demonstrated the capability of advanced can-annular combustion systems to burn fuels from air-blown gasifiers with fuel lower heating values as low as 90 Btu/scf (3548 kJ/NM3) at 2300°F (1260°C) firing temperature. In support of ongoing economic studies, numerous IGCC system evaluations have been conducted incorporating a majority of the commercial or near-commercial coal gasification systems coupled with “F” series gas turbine combined cycles. Both oxygen and air-blown configurations have been studied, in some cases with high and low-temperature gas cleaning systems. It has been shown that system studies must start with the characteristics and limitations of the gas turbine if output and operating economics are to be optimized throughout the range of ambient operating temperature and load variation.

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Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis of a Gas Turbine Combustor for Medium/Low Heating Value Syngas Fuel

Volume 4: Heat Transfer, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/gt2008-50662 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Xiong ◽

Lucheng Ji ◽

Zhedian Zhang ◽

Yue Wang ◽

Yunhan Xiao

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Film Cooling ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Stokes Equations ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Gas Turbine Combustor ◽

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽

Heating Value ◽

Flamelet Model

Gas turbine is one of the key components for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system. Combustor of the gas turbine needs to burn medium/low heating value syngas produced by coal gasification. In order to save time and cost during the design and development of a gas turbine combustor for medium/low heating value syngas, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a good mean. In this paper, 3D numerical simulations were carried out on a full scale multi-nozzle gas turbine combustor using commercial CFD software FLUENT. A 72 degrees sector was modeled to minimize the number of cells of the grid. For the fluid flow part, viscous Navier-Stokes equations were solved. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was adopted. Steady laminar flamelet model was used for the reacting system. The interaction between fluid turbulence and combustion chemistry was taken into account by the PDF (probability density function) model. The simulation was performed with two design schemes which are head cooling using film-cooling and impingement cooling. The details of the flow field and temperature distribution inside the two gas turbine combustors obtained could be cited as references for design and retrofit. Similarities were found between the predicted and experimental data of the transition duct exit temperature profile. There is much work yet to be done on modeling validation in the future.

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Combustion Performance in a Semiclosed Cycle Gas Turbine for IGCC Fired With CO-Rich Syngas and Oxy-Recirculated Exhaust Streams

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4006985 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 134 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takeharu Hasegawa

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Reaction Heat ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Coal Fuel ◽

Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽

Turbine Exhaust

Our study found that burning a CO-rich gasified coal fuel, derived from an oxygen–CO2 blown gasifier, with oxygen under stoichiometric conditions in a closed cycle gas turbine produced a highly-efficient, oxy-fuel integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation system with CO2 capture. We diluted stoichiometric combustion with recycled gas turbine exhaust and adjusted for given temperatures. Some of the exhaust was used to feed coal into the gasifier. In doing so, we found it necessary to minimize not only CO and H2 of unburned fuel constituents but also residual O2, not consumed in the gas turbine combustion process. In this study, we examined the emission characteristics of gasified-fueled stoichiometric combustion with oxygen through numerical analysis based on reaction kinetics. Furthermore, we investigated the reaction characteristics of reactant gases of CO, H2, and O2 remaining in the recirculating gas turbine exhaust using present numerical procedures. As a result, we were able to clarify that since fuel oxidation reaction is inhibited due to reasons of exhaust recirculation and lower oxygen partial pressure, CO oxidization is very sluggish and combustion reaction does not reach equilibrium at the combustor exit. In the case of a combustor exhaust temperature of 1573 K (1300 °C), we estimated that high CO exhaust emissions of about a few percent, in tens of milliseconds, corresponded to the combustion gas residence time in the gas turbine combustor. Combustion efficiency was estimated to reach only about 76%, which was a lower value compared to H2/O2-fired combustion while residual O2 in exhaust was 2.5 vol%, or five times as much as the equilibrium concentration. On the other hand, unburned constituents in an expansion turbine exhaust were slowed to oxidize in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) flue processing, and exhaust gases reached equilibrium conditions. In this regard, however, reaction heat in HRSG could not devote enough energy for combined cycle thermal efficiency, making advanced combustion technology necessary for achieving highly efficient, oxy-fuel IGCC.

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Efficiency Analyses of a Coal Gasification Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell With a Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Including CO2 Recovery

Volume 2: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power ◽

10.1115/gt2008-50360 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Yoshiba ◽

E. Koda

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽

Molten Carbonate ◽

Coal Gas ◽

Co2 Recovery ◽

And Storage ◽

Carbonate Fuel Cell

The efficiency of an integrated coal gasification system equipped with a molten carbonate fuel cell, a gas turbine and a steam turbine (IG/MCFC) is calculated. Coal is conveyed to a gasifier furnace by CO2 and changed to coal gas by adding oxygen; a methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) method is applied to initiate a cleanup procedure of the coal gas. A water-gas shift converter is employed to heat up the coal gas. The cathode gas of the MCFC is composed of CO2 and O2 with a composition of 66.7/33.3 (noble cathode gas composition). The magnitude of the system’s electrical power output is assumed to be that of a 300 MW class. The calculated net efficiency of the 2.2 MPa pressurised system reached a 60.1% high heating value (HHV) without CO2 recovery. The 2.2 MPa pressurised system, however, has a short lifetime limited by the shortening of electrodes. For this reason, a further 0.15 MPa pressurised system (low pressurised system) efficiency is recorded which has a more promising shortening time of the electrodes. The net efficiency of the low pressurised system is 51.9% HHV without CO2recovery. Since the coal is gasified using oxygen and the cathode gas of the MCFC is composed of CO2/O2, the system’s exhaust gas only includes CO2, thus the system is ready for the recovery and storage of carbon dioxide (Carbon Capture and Storage ready, CCS ready). For the purpose of estimating the net efficiency with CO2 recovery, a liquid form of CO2 with a pressure of 10MPa is assumed. Using the 2.2 MPa pressurised system, the net efficiency including the consumption of CO2 compression and liquefaction is evaluated at 58.2% HHV. Another simple CO2 closed system configuration without gas turbine is proposed; the net efficiencies of the 2.2 MPa and the 0.15 MPa system including the consumption of CO2 liquefaction are determined at 56.4% and 50.3% HHV, respectively. According to the calculation results, a high efficiency system with CO2 recovery is possible by applying the noble cathode gas in the IG/MCFC systems.

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Numerical investigation of advanced gas turbine combined cycle coupled with high-temperature nuclear reactor and cogeneration unit

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912803005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 03005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Jaszczur ◽

Michal Dudek ◽

Zygmunt Kolenda

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Power Plant ◽

Power Systems ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Nuclear Reactor ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

The European Union ◽

Intergovernmental Panel

In the European Union by 2050, more than 80% of electricity should be generated using nongreenhousegases energy technology. Nuclear power systems share at present about 15% of the power market and thistechnology can be the backbone of a carbon-free European power system. Energy market transitions are similar to global pathways were analysed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. From a practical point of view currently, the most advanced and most effective technology for electricity generation is based on a gas turbine combined cycle. This technology in a normal way uses natural gas, synthesis gas from the coal gasification or crude oil processing products as the energy carriers but at the same time, such system emits sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and CO2 to the environment. In thepresent paper, a thermodynamic analysis of environmentally friendly power plant with a high–temperature gas nuclear reactor and advanced configuration of gas turbine combined cycle technology is investigated. The presented analysis shows that it is possible to obtain for proposed thermalcycles an efficiency higher than 50% which is not only more than could be offered by traditional coal power plant but much more than can be proposed by any other nuclear technology.

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