The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses—Application and Validation for Surface Treatment by Laser and Shot-Peening

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cheng ◽  
I. Finnie ◽  
M. Gremaud ◽  
A. Rosselet ◽  
R. D. Streit
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Surface Residual Stresses ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Good Agreement

Residual stresses due to surface treatment are measured using the compliance method. The method makes use of the strains measured on the surface while a cut is extended progressively along a plane of interest. The experimental results for a shot peened specimen show good agreement with those obtained by the X-ray method. This experiment demonstrates that the compliance method is accurate and capable of measuring residual stresses which vary rapidly over a depth of less than 50 μm. Good general agreement with results by the X-ray method is also obtained for a laser treated specimen. Some advantages and disadvantages of the present method relative to hole-drilling, layer removal and X-ray methods are discussed.

Prediction and Measurement of Residual Stresses Arising From Quenching of Stainless Steels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hossain ◽  
C. E. Truman ◽  
D. J. Smith ◽  
M. R. Daymond
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
The Core ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Surface Residual Stresses ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents results from an experimental and numerical study examining the creation of highly triaxial residual stresses in stainless steel. This was motivated by a need to model and understand creep in aged power plant. The residual stresses were introduced by rapid spray water quenching of heated solid stainless steel spheres and cylinders. Finite element (FE) simulations predicted high compressive residual stresses around the surface of the specimens and tensile residual stresses near the centre. Surface residual stresses were measured using the incremental centre-hole drilling (ICHD) technique. Neutron diffraction (ND) was used to measure the interior residual stresses. The measurements were in good agreement with FE predictions. The ND measurements confirmed that a highly triaxial residual stress state existed in the core of the specimens.

X-ray Measurements of Surface Residual Stresses in Cold Rolled α-Brass

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wallace ◽  
T. Terada
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elastic Stresses ◽  
Surface Residual Stresses ◽  
Exposure Method ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic

AbstractResidual elastic stresses have been measured in cold rolled α-brass (30% zinc) using the available x-ray diffractometer methods. Residual stress values obtained by the two exposure and sin2ψ methods of stress analysis are compared with data obtained using Wagner's extrapolation method.For deformations up to 50% reduction in thickness, tensile surface stresses prevailed, and in most cases could be detected by these methods. Uncertainty of the value of a0, the lattice parameter of the deformed' material, presents a serious limitation to the extrapolation technique. Using the approximation a0 = a0ann, residual stresses appear lower than, and frequently of opposite sign to those given by the two exposure method. In addition, lattice parameter variations in the near surface regions of the rolled sheet were opposite to those expected from the true macrostress distributions shown to exist by the two exposure method and by strain gauge techniques. The distributions of ahkl points in the extrapolation plots were in agreement with theory for a combination of anisotropic elastic stresses and low stacking fault density.

Micro-slotting technique for reliable measurement of sub-surface residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Burns ◽  
Joseph Newkirk ◽  
James Castle
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Volume ◽  
Surface Residual Stresses

Micro-slotting, a relaxation residual stress measurement technique, has recently been shown to be an effective method for measuring local residual stresses in a variety of materials. The micro-slotting method relies on a scanning electron microscope–focused ion beam system for milling and imaging, digital image correlation software to track displacements due to residual stress relaxation after milling, and finite element analysis for displacement–stress correlation and calculation of the original stress state in the imaged region. The high spatial resolution of the micro-slotting method makes it a promising technique for obtaining near-surface residual stress data in Ti-6Al-4V components for input into fatigue life models and crack growth simulations. However, use of the micro-slotting method on this alloy has yet to be evaluated against more established measurement techniques. In this study, spatially resolved sub-surface residual stress measurements were obtained on shot peened and low-stress surface-machined Ti-6Al-4V planar coupons using the micro-slotting method and were compared to measurements obtained using the conventional X-ray diffraction depth profiling technique. The sub-surface measurements were in good agreement for the shot peened sample. Observed differences in the measured near-surface residual stresses on the surface-machined sample were attributed to the larger measurement volume of the X-ray diffraction method, suggesting that the micron-sized measurement volume of the micro-slotting method may be more suitable for capturing shallow stress profiles and steep stress gradients. Prior to performing the micro-slotting measurements, finite element modeled displacements were used to verify the measurement procedure and to address uncertainties in the milled slot geometries. The results of this study demonstrated the validity of the micro-slotting procedure and established the technique as a reliable method for measuring sub-surface residual stresses in Ti-6Al-4V.

Investigation of Residual Stresses in Flame Sprayed Ni-Based Wear Resistant Coatings by the Hole-Drilling and X-Ray Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 768-769 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ryabchikov ◽  
Harri Lille ◽  
Renno Reitsnik ◽  
Stanislav Toropov ◽  
Andrei Surženkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling ◽  
Hard Metals ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
Main Components

The present investigation was carried out in order to determine residual stresses inNi-based self-fluxing alloy based high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coatings with different wearresistant additives. The main components of the alloy were Ni, Cr, Si and B. To increase the wearresistance of self-fluxing NiCrSiB alloy based coatings, different ceramics and hard metals(WC-Co, TiC-NiMo and Cr2C3-Ni) were added. Residual stresses were measured by the holedrillingmethod and the X-ray method. The incremental hole-drilling technique combined with theintegral method was applied. This combined method allows to analyse non-uniform throughthicknessresidual stresses. The results obtained with the incremental hole-drilling method indicatethat through-thickness residual stress distribution is non-uniform. The determined residual stresseswere tensile on the surface of the coating and became compressive toward the interface.The values of the modulus of elasticity and microhardness of the coatings were obtained byinstrumented indentation. The microstructures of the studied coatings were investigated with theSEM technique.

The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses—Analytical Background

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gremaud ◽  
W. Cheng ◽  
I. Finnie ◽  
M. B. Prime
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Residual Stresses ◽  
Zero Shift ◽  
Stress States ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Piecewise Functions

Introducing a thin cut from the surface of a part containing residual stresses produces a change in strain on the surface. When the strains are measured as a function of the depth of the cut, residual stresses near the surface can be estimated using the compliance method. In previous work, the unknown residual stress field was represented by a series of continuous polynomials. The present paper shows that for stress states with steep gradients, superior predictions are obtained by using “overlapping piecewise functions” to represent the stresses. The stability of the method under the influence of random errors and a zero shift is demonstrated by numerical simulation.

New Principles of the Substructure Development in Metal Materials under Plastic Deformation, Revealed by Advanced X-Ray Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Perlovich ◽  
Margarita Isaenkova
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Rolled Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ray Methods

The substructure inhomogeneity of real textured metal materials was studied by use of the X-ray method of Generalized Pole Figures and the computer data treatment. Main regularities of substructure inhomogeneity were revealed for the first time. Substructure conditions of grains in rolled material form an extremely wide spectrum and vary by passing from texture maxima to texture minima, where residual deformation effects are most significant. The distribution of residual elastic microstrains in the orientational space of rolled material shows the distinct system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Specimen Size on Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Pfeiffer ◽  
Eduard Reisacher ◽  
Michael Windisch ◽  
Markus Kahnert
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Specimen Size ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Incremental Hole Drilling ◽  
Drilling Method

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a well-known technique which allows joining of metal parts without severe distortion. Because FSW involves less heat input relative to conventional welding, it may be assumed that cutting specimens from larger friction stir welded components results in a negligible redistribution of residual stresses. The aim of the investigations was to verify these assumptions for a welded aluminum plate and a circumferentially-welded aluminum cylinder. Strain gage measurements, X-ray diffraction and the incremental hole drilling method were used.

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