Drag Reducing Polymer in Helicoidal Flow

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Kuo ◽  
L. S. G. Kovasznay
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Screw Pump

A novel flow configuration was explored for the study of the behavior of drag reducing polymers. A screw pump consisting of a smooth cylinder and a concentrically placed screw was used to create a strongly three-dimensional but essentially laminar flow. In the first phase of the study, the static pressure head developed by the screw pump was measured as a function of polymer concentration (polyox 10 to 100 ppm in water). A large increase of the developed head was observed that behaved in an analogous manner to drag reduction as far as concentration and straining of the polymer solution was concerned. In the second phase of the study, a new apparatus was constructed and the additional parameter of a superimposed through flow was included and the degree of failure of the superposition principle was established. Sensitivity of the phenomenon to chemicals like HCl, HNO3, and NaOH in the polymer solution was also studied. When the effect of these chemicals on the polymer solution flow behavior was presented in terms of the pH value of the polymer solution, it showed a similar trend to those observed in drag reduction.

An elastic sublayer model for drag reduction by dilute solutions of linear macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Virk
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Sublayer Thickness ◽  
Maximum Drag Reduction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Polymer Species

Further evidence of a universal maximum drag reduction asymptote is presented. In the elastic sublayer model, inferred therefrom, the mean velocity profile during drag reduction is approximated by three zones: the usual viscous sublayer, an elastic sublayer where the mixing-length constant is derived from the maximum drag reduction asymptote, and an outermost region with Newtonian mixinglength constant. Upon integration the model yields a friction factor relation, parametric in elastic sublayer thickness, which properly reproduces the known features of turbulent dilute polymer solution flow. The dependence of elastic sublayer thickness upon flow and polymeric parameters is inferred from experimental data revealing two hitherto unknown relationships: namely that on Prandtl co-ordinates, 1/f½vs. log Re f½ the difference in slope between a polymer solution and solvent is proportional to the square root of molar concentration and to the three-halves power of backbone chain links in the macromolecule. The proportionality constant in the preceding relationship is approximately the same for several different polymer species of carbon-carbon or similar skeletal structure in various thin solvents; there is an indication that this constant further depends upon the product of solvent viscosity times the cube of the effective bond length per chain link of the polymer species. Some recent results regarding the onset of drag reduction are also summarized.

Experimental Study on the Drag-Reducing Characteristics in Two-Oscillating Grid Turbulence With Polymer Additives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Weihua Cai ◽  
Tong-zhou Wei ◽  
Feng-chen Li ◽  
Li-ming Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Grid Turbulence ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Oscillating Grid

In this paper, we carried out the experimental study to investigate the polymer effect on two-oscillating grid turbulence based on Particle Image Velocimetry. We chose five different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200ppm) of polymer solution flow and the Newtonian fluid flow for comparison at three different grid oscillating frequencies (5, 7.5 and 10Hz). The results showed that comparison with the Newtonian fluid case, the turbulent kinetic energy is much smaller in polymer solution cases. A natural definition for drag reduction rate was proposed based on turbulent kinetic energy. It showed that the maximum drag reduction reaches around 80% and the drag-reducing effect increases as the concentration increases. Finally, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used to extract coherent structures in grid turbulence.

The Effect of Sulfonate/Polymer Interaction on Mobility Buffer Design

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Tertiary Oil Recovery

A study was made of the movement of 1-PV slugs of polymer solutions in cores that had been treated previously with sulfonate and then flushed with previously with sulfonate and then flushed with brine. The data revealed premature polymer breakthrough. These results were attributed to low polymer retention and an inaccessible pore volume polymer retention and an inaccessible pore volume to polymer flow. The shapes and absolute values of the polymer breakthrough curves depended on the type of polymer and sulfonate used. When no brine flush followed the sulfonate solution, an even earlier polymer breakthrough was observed. This phenomenon was thought to be related mainly to a phenomenon was thought to be related mainly to a polymer/sulfonate interaction. polymer/sulfonate interaction. Solutions of 10 chemically different polymers were blended with solutions of four sulfonates. After standing, these mixtures separated into two layers - a top layer highly concentrated in polymer and a bottom layer containing a higher sulfonate concentration. Viscosities, fractional volumes, and interfacial tensions to oil of the separated layers depended on the particular polymer/sulfonate system. These layers were found to be separate phases with a measurable, but very low, interfacial phases with a measurable, but very low, interfacial tension at the phase boundary. The effect of salinity and polymer concentration on phase separation also was studied. Phase separation of polymer/sulfonate systems also occurred in Berea core flow tests, resulting in differing mobilities of the separated phases. This phenomenon can result in a low recovery efficiency in low-tension surfactant flooding. An improvement in tertiary oil recovery efficiency was achieved, however by using low salinity in the mobility bank. Introduction This study discusses low-tension oil displacement, wherein an aqueous surfactant slug is driven by a polymer solution. Many papers have dealt with such systems, particularly as they relate to tertiary oil recovery; however, little attention has been devoted to polymer behavior in the polymer/sulfonate mixing zone. Recently, Trushenski et al. reported that high mobility had developed in the polymer/sulfonate mixing zone. The mechanism for this phenomenon was not proposed. They also showed that because of polymer/sulfonate incompatibility, phase separation can occur, which can lead to excessive sulfonate retention through "phase entrapment." This study investigates this phase-separation phenomenon and its effect on flow behavior in the phenomenon and its effect on flow behavior in the polymer/sulfonate mixing zone. polymer/sulfonate mixing zone. POLYMER INJECTION INTO POLYMER INJECTION INTO SULFONATE-TREATED BEREA CORES PROCEDURE PROCEDURE In one set of experiments, two sulfonate solutions [Witco TRS-18/40, (1/1) and Amoco H-4344-1 Tm] were injected into separate Berea cores. Concentrations were 2 wt % (0.02 kg/kg) in 2%. NaCl brine, volume was 2 PV, and the injection rate was 14 ft/D (4.27 m/d). Thereafter, 3 PV of 2% NaCl brine was injected at the same rate. This was followed by 1 PV of 600-ppm polymer solution in 2% NaCl brine, then by 2% NaCl brine. During the last two cycles, the injection rate was 4 ft/D (1.22 m/d). During both polymer injection and the subsequent brine flush, the inlet pressure was recorded and effluent samples were taken to analyze polymer concentration. Polymer concentrations were determined by radioactivity in the case of C14-tagged polymers (Polymers 454 and 340 trade mark) and by the viscosity measurement technique when Kelzan MF (trade mark) was used. In the second set of experiments, a polymer solution directly followed the sulfonate solution. Injection rates were the same as in the first set of experiments. Both sets of experiments used Berea cores, 5.08 cm in diameter and 14.2 cm in length. Each polymer solution was filtered through a separate Berea core disk with about 500 md permeability and with diameter and length of 5.08 and 1.4 cm, respectively. SPEJ P. 4

Experimental Study on Turbulent Drag Reduction and Polymer Concentration Distribution With Blowing Polymer Solution From the Channel Wall

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Motozawa ◽  
Taiki Kurosawa ◽  
Hening Xu ◽  
Kaoru Iwamoto ◽  
Hirotomo Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Channel Wall ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Turbulent Drag Reduction ◽  
Turbulent Drag

Experimental study on turbulent drag reduction (DR) and polymer concentration distribution with blowing polymer solution from whole surface of the channel wall was carried out. A set of measurements for drag reduction were performed with blowing rate for the sintered porous metal plate (0.45m × 0.45m × 3) adjusted from 0.5 L/min to 4.0 L/min, and concentration of polymer solution varied from 10 ppm to 200 ppm. Reynolds number based on the channel height was chosen for 20000 and 40000 in this experiment. The polymer concentration distribution in the near-wall region (0.5 mm < y < 20 mm) at three locations of the downstream from the leading edge of the blower wall was also measured. Polymer concentration can be analyzed via Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer. Through the analysis of mass transfer by polymer concentration distribution, we found that polymer which exists in buffer layer (10 < y+ < 70) has important influence on drag reduction.

scholarly journals Pressure Equilibrium Time of a Cyclic-Olefin Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2309
Author(s):  
Benedikt Roth ◽  
Dietmar Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Equilibrium Time ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Pressure Equilibrium

Integrative simulation techniques for predicting component properties, based on the conditions during processing, are becoming increasingly important. The calculation of orientations in injection molding, which, in addition to mechanical and optical properties, also affect the thermal shrinkage behavior, are modeled on the basis of measurements that cannot take into account the pressure driven flow processes, which cause the orientations during the holding pressure phase. Previous investigations with a high-pressure capillary rheometer (HPC) and closed counter pressure chamber (CPC) showed the significant effect of a dynamically applied pressure on the flow behavior, depending on the temperature and the underlying compression rate. At a constant compression rate, an effective pressure difference between the measuring chamber and the CPC was observed, which resulted in a stop of flow through the capillary referred to as dynamic compression induced solidification. In order to extend the material understanding to the moment after dynamic solidification, an equilibrium time, which is needed until the pressure signals equalize, was evaluated and investigated in terms of a pressure, temperature and a possible compression rate dependency in this study. The findings show an exponential increase of the determined equilibrium time as a function of the holding pressure level and a decrease of the equilibrium time with increasing temperature. In case of supercritical compression in the area of a dynamic solidification, a compression rate dependency of the determined equilibrium times is also found. The measurement results show a temperature-invariant behavior, which allows the derivation of a master curve, according to the superposition principle, to calculate the pressure equilibrium time as a function of the holding pressure and the temperature.

Concentration dependent changes of apparent slip in polymer solution flow

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Müller‐Mohnssen ◽  
D. Weiss ◽  
A. Tippe
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Apparent Slip

scholarly journals Effect of Non-Newtonian Flow on Polymer Flooding in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiankang Xin ◽  
Gaoming Yu ◽  
Zhangxin Chen ◽  
Keliu Wu ◽  
Xiaohu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Newtonian Flow ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoirs

The flow of polymer solution and heavy oil in porous media is critical for polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs because it significantly determines the polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and polymer flooding efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs. In this paper, physical experiments and numerical simulations were both applied to investigate the flow of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution and heavy oil, and their effects on polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs. First, physical experiments determined the rheology of the polymer solution and heavy oil and their flow in porous media. Then, a new mathematical model was proposed, and an in-house three-dimensional (3D) two-phase polymer flooding simulator was designed considering the non-Newtonian flow. The designed simulator was validated by comparing its results with those obtained from commercial software and typical polymer flooding experiments. The developed simulator was further applied to investigate the non-Newtonian flow in polymer flooding. The experimental results demonstrated that the flow behavior index of the polymer solution is 0.3655, showing a shear thinning; and heavy oil is a type of Bingham fluid that overcomes a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) to flow in porous media. Furthermore, the validation of the designed simulator was confirmed to possess high accuracy and reliability. According to its simulation results, the decreases of 1.66% and 2.49% in oil recovery are caused by the difference between 0.18 and 1 in the polymer solution flow behavior indexes of the pure polymer flooding (PPF) and typical polymer flooding (TPF), respectively. Moreover, for heavy oil, considering a TPG of 20 times greater than its original value, the oil recoveries of PPF and TPF are reduced by 0.01% and 5.77%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of shear thinning and a threshold pressure gradient results in a greater decrease in oil recovery, with 1.74% and 8.35% for PPF and TPF, respectively. Thus, the non-Newtonian flow has a hugely adverse impact on the performance of polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs.

Drag Reduction of Flat Plates with Slot Ejection of Polymer Solution

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Paul S. Granville
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Concentration Boundary Layer ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Concentration Boundary ◽  
Momentum Boundary Layer

The drag reduction due to polymer being emitted from a slot is analytically treated for the fourth stage for which the concentration boundary layer coincides with the momentum boundary layer.

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