Moire´-Holographic Technique for Three-Dimensional Stress Analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Sciammarella ◽  
G. Di Chirico ◽  
T.-Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Hologram Interferometry ◽  
Moire Method ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The moire´ method is combined with hologram interferometry to obtain the three displacements of an arbitrarily deformed plane in the three-dimensional space. Double beam interference patterns are utilized. The interfering beams are obtained from the diffraction patterns of a grating printed in the analyzed plane. The in-plane and the out-of-plane displacements are measured in separate steps and yield separate patterns. The patterns are generated by double exposure and observed by a wave front reconstruction process. The experimental results included in the paper show a good agreement with theoretical results, proving the feasibility of the proposed technique.

Determination of Arbitrary Tooth Displacements

1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Pryputniewicz ◽  
C.J. Burstone ◽  
W.W. Bowley
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Double Exposure ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Modern Technique ◽  
Hologram Interferometry ◽  
Component Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The noninvasive, modern technique based on the method of double-exposure hologram interferometry was used to measure arbitrary displacements of teeth in the three dimensional space. The experimental studies were carried out on an idealized model of the maxillary central incisor. The results show that the experimental data, based on component loading, are inadequate to accurately predict tooth displacement from an arbitrary force acting in the three dimensional space.

Modeling of Looping Behavior in a Flexible Instrument Using a Bélzier Curve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Singhal ◽  
Jitendra P. Khatait
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Flexible Instrument ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Minimum Strain Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract Flexible medical instruments undergo looping during insertion and navigation inside the human body. It makes the control of the distal end difficult and raises safety concerns. This paper proposes the minimum strain energy concept to get the deformed shape of a flexible instrument in three-dimensional space. A B\'{e}zier curve is used to define the trajectory of the deformed shape under different loading conditions and constraints. Looping behavior is studied for different end shortening conditions. The effect of end twist on looping behavior is studied. It is observed that end twist leads to early onset of out of plane deformation leading to looping. The strain energy plot gives an insight into the behavior of these instruments with respect to end shortening and twist. The strain energy plot shows the minimum value for $2\pi$ end twist. Therefore, the instrument tends to go for looping if the end twist is present. Force and torque characteristics are obtained which will lead to the design and control of these instruments. Force and torque plots show negative stiffness when the instrument is going for looping. The un-looping phenomenon is also discussed and a strategy is proposed to mitigate looping. The proposed modeling approach can be utilized to address the complex behavior of a flexible instrument in medical as well as in other industrial applications. The insight developed will help in designing and developing control for safe and reliable usage of flexible instruments in various domains.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional nanostructure determination from a large diffraction data set recorded using scanning electron nanodiffraction

IUCrJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Meng ◽  
Jian-Min Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Angle Rotation ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A diffraction-based technique is developed for the determination of three-dimensional nanostructures. The technique employs high-resolution and low-dose scanning electron nanodiffraction (SEND) to acquire three-dimensional diffraction patterns, with the help of a special sample holder for large-angle rotation. Grains are identified in three-dimensional space based on crystal orientation and on reconstructed dark-field images from the recorded diffraction patterns. Application to a nanocrystalline TiN thin film shows that the three-dimensional morphology of columnar TiN grains of tens of nanometres in diameter can be reconstructed using an algebraic iterative algorithm under specified prior conditions, together with their crystallographic orientations. The principles can be extended to multiphase nanocrystalline materials as well. Thus, the tomographic SEND technique provides an effective and adaptive way of determining three-dimensional nanostructures.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Quantitative image analysis of microbial communities with BiofilmQ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Hannah Jeckel ◽  
Eric Jelli ◽  
Praveen K. Singh ◽  
Sanika Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractBiofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space and time; microscopy and quantitative image analysis are therefore crucial for elucidating their functions. Here, we present BiofilmQ—a comprehensive image cytometry software tool for the automated and high-throughput quantification, analysis and visualization of numerous biofilm-internal and whole-biofilm properties in three-dimensional space and time.

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