Thermal Energy Storage and Control

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schro¨der
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Chemical Stability

Eutectic fluoride mixtures of alkali and alkaline earth metals posses extremely high thermal storage capacities, and are therefore suitable for space heating as well as for powering heat engines. Their melting points ranging from 449 to 832° C are well adapted to any high level heat supply. The compounds are of high chemical stability and show no corrosive action with stainless steel. In order to make efficient use of the stored heat, good thermal insulation and controllable heat transfer are achieved by a multifoil insulation jacket with a controllable hydrogen filling. For powering engines energy transfer is realized by heat pipes.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal synthesis of monostructured LaPO4: morphology and structure

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Kairat Kenges ◽  
Mailybi Aldabergenov ◽  
Olga Proskurina ◽  
Victor Gusarov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Lanthanum Phosphate ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Chemical Stability

The application field of materials based on lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO4) including nanomaterials, has been permanently extending recently. The high level of mechanical properties and the compatibility with numerous oxides make it possible to consider the possibility of using lanthanum orthophosphate as a composite material for construction purposes. This application is particularly promising when nanoparticles with quasi-1D morphology (nanorods) are used. The high isomorphic capacity of the LaPO4-based phase for alkaline-earth ions and ions of lanthanides and actinides, high chemical stability, and high radiation hardness make promising the application of this compound as a matrix for immobilization of radioactive wastes. The possibility of obtaining lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) by the hydrothermal method is considered in the work. Effects of pH, temperature and time of processing of hydrothermal synthesis on the morphology and structure of monostructured lanthanum phosphate are studied. It has been established that, with the increase of pH, the morphology of phosphate changed, the size of the crystallites increased, while the crystal structure changed from hexagonal to monoclinic.

Sound Velocity and Compressibility in the Liquid Alkaline Earth Metals

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 1847-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. McAlister ◽  
E. D. Crozier ◽  
J. F. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Experimental Values

Ultrasonic velocity measurements have been made on liquid Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba to temperatures ~300 °C above the melting points. An empirical relationship between the sound velocity and surface tension is tested and found to hold well for the alkaline earth metals. Simple model calculations of the compressibilities at the melting points are found to be in disagreement with the experimental values.

The influence of alkaline earth metal equilibria on the rheological, melting and textural properties of Cheddar cheese

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren R Cooke ◽  
Paul LH McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hardness Values

The total calcium content of cheese, along with changes in the equilibrium between soluble and casein (CN)-bound calcium during ripening can have a major impact on its rheological, functional and textural properties; however, little is known about the effect of other alkaline earth metals. NaCl was partially substituted with MgCl2 or SrCl2 (8·7 and 11·4 g/kg curd, respectively) at the salting stage of cheesemaking to study their effects on cheese. Three cheeses were produced: Mg supplemented (+Mg), Sr supplemented (+Sr) and a control Cheddar cheese. Ca, Mg and Sr contents of cheese and expressible serum obtained therefrom were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Addition of Mg2+ or Sr2+ had no effect on % moisture, protein, fat and extent of proteolysis. A proportion of the added Mg2+ and Sr2+ became CN-bound. The level of CN-bound Mg was higher in the +Mg cheese than the control throughout ripening. The level of CN-bound Ca and Mg decreased during ripening in all cheeses, as did % CN-bound Sr in the +Sr cheese. The presence of Sr2+ increased % CN-bound Ca and Mg at a number of ripening times. Adding Mg2+ had no effect on % CN-bound Ca. The +Sr cheese exhibited a higher G′ at 70 °C and a lower LTmax than the control and +Mg cheeses throughout ripening. The +Sr cheese had significantly lower meltability compared with the control and +Mg cheeses after 2 months of ripening. Hardness values of the +Sr cheese were higher at week 2 than the +Mg and control cheeses. Addition of Mg2+ did not influence the physical properties of cheese. Supplementing cheese with Sr appeared to have effects analogous to those previously reported for increasing Ca content. Sr2+ may form and/or modify nanocluster crosslinks causing an increase in the strength of the para-casein matrix.

Separation of Lanthanoid Phosphates From the Spent Electrolyte of Pyroprocessing

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Amamoto ◽  
Hirohide Kofuji ◽  
Munetaka Myochin ◽  
Tatsuya Tsuzuki ◽  
Yasushi Takasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
Precipitation Experiment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lithium Form

This study is carried out to make the pyroprocessing hold a competitive advantage from the viewpoint of environmental load reduction and economical improvement. As one of the measures is to reduce the volume of the high-level radioactive waste, the phosphate conversion method is applied for removal of fission products from the melt as spent electrolyte in this paper. Though the removing target elements in the medium are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and lanthanoid elements, only lanthanoid elements and lithium form the insoluble phosphates by reaction with Li3PO4 or K3PO4. Therefore, as the first step, the precipitation experiment was carried out to observe the behaviours of elements which form the insoluble precipitates as double salts other than simple salts. Then the filtration was experimented to remove lanthanoid precipitates in the spent electrolyte using Fe2O3-P2O5 glass system as a filtlation medium which is compatible material with the glassification. The result of separation of lanthanoid precipitates by filtration was effective and attained almost 100%.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

scholarly journals Boundaryless working hours and recovery in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vieten ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann ◽  
Alexandra Michel
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extended Work

Abstract Objective Due to recent trends such as globalization and digitalization, more and more employees tend to have flexible working time arrangements, including boundaryless working hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of various aspects of boundaryless working hours (overtime, Sunday work, and extended work availability) with employees’ state of recovery. Besides, we examined the mediating and moderating role of recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) in these relationships. Methods We used data from 8586 employees (48% women; average age of 48 years) who took part in the 2017 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative study of the German working population. Regression analyses were conducted to test main effects as well as mediation and moderation. Results Overtime work, Sunday work, and extended work availability were negatively related to state of recovery. Psychological detachment mediated these relationships. Furthermore, we found that relaxation and control mediated the association between extended work availability and state of recovery. However, no relevant moderating effects were found. Conclusions Altogether, our findings indicate that various aspects of boundaryless working hours pose a risk to employees’ state of recovery and that especially psychological detachment is a potential mechanism in these relationships. In addition, the results suggest that a high level of recovery experiences cannot attenuate these negative relationships in leisure time. Therefore, employers and employees alike should try to avoid or minimize boundaryless working hours.

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