Automated Optimum Design of Refrigerated Warehouses

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
B. D. Gupta ◽  
S. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Penalty Function Method ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Average Maximum

The main consideration in the design of refrigerated commercial warehouses, apart from energy required for operation, is the total cost (initial plus operating costs). There is no simple explicit relation between the total cost and the energy required to maintain the desired inside conditions. Qualitatively, one feels that a design involving less initial cost requires larger energy input and hence a higher operating cost. With limited energy resources, it is necessary to conserve energy or use it optimally. A unified approach to find the optimal combination of initial cost and operating cost (energy) is presented in this paper. Since the thickness of insulation is one of the important factors to be considered in reducing the external load and hence the energy requirements, the optimum building envelope and insulation thicknesses are found for a specified volume and location by using the interior penalty function method of optimization. The procedure outlined in this paper can be used for new as well as existing building to fulfill the functional requirements optimally and thus conserve the energy to the greatest possible extent. For the computation of heat gain, the design day, based on the average maximum solar air temperature computed from the hourly meteorological data, is chosen. The resulting computer program is used to find the effect of some of the parameters like wall thickness, type of insulation, orientation of building and economics model on the optimum design.

Optimum Design of Air-Conditioned Buildings

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gupta ◽  
S. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Penalty Function Method ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Explicit Relation

The main consideration in the design of thermally insulated buildings, apart from the energy required for operation, is the total (initial plus operating) cost. There is no simple explicit relation between the total cost and energy required to maintain the desired inside conditions which are dependent on the uncontrollable outside conditions. With limited energy resources, it is necessary to conserve energy or use it optimally. A unified approach to find the optimal combination of initial cost and operating cost (energy) or total energy requirements (cooling plus heating) for air-conditioned buildings is presented in this paper. Since the thickness of insulation is one of the important factors to be considered in reducing the external load, the optimum values of insulation thickness for walls and roof are found by using the interior penalty function method of minimization. For the computation of heat gain through external walls and roof, a design day based on the average maximum solar-air temperature (computed from the hourly meteorological data) is chosen. The sensitivity of optimum design with respect to design parameters is also found.

Application of Extremal Distributions in the Design of Thermal Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Rao ◽  
B. D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Unconstrained Minimization ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Penalty Function Method ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Extreme Value Distributions ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Total Cost

Three types of extreme value distributions are fitted to the maximum daily temperature and solar radiation. It is found that type III distribution for the largest value fits the data most closely. A methodology using the maximum yearly temperature data and extremal distributions is developed for the optimum design of refrigerated warehouses. The use of the concept of return period in the optimum design of thermal systems is also suggested. The interior penalty function method with Davidon-Fletcher-Powella method of unconstrained minimization is used as the optimization technique for solving the problems. A sensitivity analysis is conducted about the optimum design point to find the influence of changes in various design parameters on the cooling load and total cost.

scholarly journals An Analytical Approach for the Selection of Technologies to be Integrated in a Plug&play Façade Unit: The RenoZEB Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pracucci ◽  
Sara Magnani ◽  
Laura Vandi ◽  
Oscar Casadei ◽  
Amaia Uriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design System ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
System A ◽  
Selection Of

The nearly Zero Energy building (nZEB) renovation market is currently the key feature in the construction sector. RenoZEB aims to develop a systematic approach for retrofitting by assembling different technologies in a plug and play building envelope. This paper presents the methodology used to transform the RenoZEB concept in the design system. A multi-criteria decision matrix is used for the selection of the best façade technologies within the market while the analysis of the existing building conditions allows to develop a replicable approach for designing deep retrofitting intervention through a plug&play façade. The methodology appears to be a valuable support for the selection of technologies and allows to define a design guideline for the envelope.

scholarly journals Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
José Manuel Salmerón Lissen ◽  
Cristina Isabel Jareño Escudero ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
Miriam Navarro Escudero ◽  
Theoni Karlessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Cost

The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

Optimum Seismic Zoning Using An Artificial Neural Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime García-Pérez ◽  
René Riaño
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Zoning ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artificial Neural

The Kohonen artificial neural network is employed to divide a region of known seismicity into zones. Optimum boundaries and seismic design coefficients for each zone are determined by computing the expected present value of the total cost, including the initial cost of structures and damages due to earthquakes. The region is discretized into cells containing information on seismicity and the number of structural types. Then regionalization is performed, first without considering jurisdictional limits and later including this restriction. Up to four different types of structures are considered simultaneously in the regionalization. The results are presented in maps showing both zones and corresponding seismic design coefficients.

scholarly journals Techno-economical study of solar water pumping system: optimum design, evaluation, and comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Kazem ◽  
Anas Quteishat ◽  
Mahmoud A. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

Solar water pumping systems are fundamental entities for water transmission and storage purposes whether it is has been used in irrigation or residential applications. The use of photovoltaic (PV) panels to support the electrical requirements of these pumping systems has been executed globally for a long time. However, introducing optimization sizing techniques to such systems can benefit the end-user by saving money, energy, and time. This paper proposed solar water pumping systems optimum design for Oman. The design, and evaluation have been carried out through intuitive, and numerical methods. Based on hourly meteorological data, the simulation used both HOMER software and numerical method using MATLAB code to find the optimum design. The selected location ambient temperature variance from 12.8 °C to 44.5 °C over the year and maximum insolation is 7.45 kWh/m2/day, respectively. The simulation results found the average energy generated, annual yield factor, and a capacity factor of the proposed system is 2.9 kWh, 2016.66 kWh/kWp, and 22.97%, respectively, for a 0.81 kW water pump, which is encouraging compared with similar studied systems. The capital cost of the system is worth it, and the cost of energy has compared with other systems in the literature. The comparison shows the cost of energy to be in favor of the MATLAB simulation results with around 0.24 USD/kWh. The results show successful operation and performance parameters, along with cost evaluation, which proves that PV water pumping systems are promising in Oman.

scholarly journals Revisiting a Funding Model for University-led Dental Clinics: The Case of Complete Denture Fabrication Case of Complete Denture Fabrication

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohana Ahmad ◽  
◽  
Nur Amalina Zul ◽  
Siti Anisah Mohtar ◽  
Marc Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Number Of Visits

Objectives: University-led dental clinics are rarely seen as core to the national healthcare system. Thus, when publicly funded universities experience a decline in government support, dental clinic services operated by students are confronted by a potentially inadequate operating budget. Prompted by the need for strategic resource allocation, this study seeks to quantify the resources consumed in the construction of complete dentures by undergraduate students in an effort to identify opportunities for cost-cutting measures. Methods: Clinical cases were retrieved from the logbooks of graduating students of Class 2015, and patient records were reviewed to identify and quantify all clinical and laboratory procedures involved in constructing a set of complete dentures. Cost estimation was carried out using the activity-based method on the basis of direct medical costs. Results: A total of 83 patient records were reviewed. The average number of visits required to fabricate a set of complete dentures was 10 (range, 6–20 visits) with an average total cost of MYR2131±538 (€450±114). The number of visits contributed substantially to the total cost, and procedures requiring multiple visits included secondary impression and jaw relation recording. The major cost components were dental equipment (44%), laboratory costs (28%), dental consumables (17%), salaries (7%), and dental instruments (3%). Conclusion: The operating cost for training students in denture fabrication is substantial. Schools should formulate strategies to reduce the number of patient visits by ensuring that students optimize the time spent per visit. A financially sustainable model to fund dental training is necessary to ensure that quality of care is not compromised in university-led clinics.

A Practical Approach to Energy Optimization Using Pinch Analysis: A Case Study of an Oil Refinery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal Uzoma Ndunagu ◽  
Emeka Emmanuel Alaike ◽  
Theophile Megueptchie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Pinch Analysis ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Heat Exchanger Network ◽  
Total Cost

Abstract The objective of this paper is to perform an energy optimization study using pinch analysis on the Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) of a Crude Distillation Unit to maximum heat recovery, minimize energy consumption and increase refining margin. The heat exchanger network (HEN) considered comprises exchangers from the pre-heat section of the atmospheric distillation unit, which recovers heat from the product streams to incrementally heat the crude oil feed stream before entering the furnace. This paper illustrates how to perform a detailed HEN retrofitting study using an established design method known as Pinch Analysis to reduce the operating cost by increasing energy savings of the HEN of an existing complex refinery of moderate capacity. Analysis and optimization were carried out on the HEN of the CDU consist a total of 19 heat exchangers which include: process to process (P2P) heat exchangers, heaters and coolers. In the analysis, different feasible retrofit scenarios were generated using the pinch analysis approach. The retrofit designs included the addition of new heat exchangers, rearrangement of heat exchanger (re-sequencing) and re-piping of existing exchangers. Aspen Hysys V9 was used to simulate the CDU and Aspen Energy Analyser was used to perform pinch analysis on the HEN of the pre-heat train. Several retrofit scenarios were generated, the optimum retrofit solution was a trade-off between the capital cost of increasing heat exchanger surface area, payback time, energy / operating cost savings of hot and cold utilities. Results indicated that by rearrangement (Re-sequencing), the pre-heat train can reduce hot (fired heat) and cold (air and cooling water) utilities consumption to improve energy savings by 8% which includes savings on fired heat of about 4.6 MW for a payback period of 2 years on capital investment. The results generated were based on a ΔTmin of 10°C and pinch temperature of 46.3°C. Initial sensitivity analysis on the ΔTmin indicated that variation of total cost index is quite sensitive and increases with increase in ΔTmin at the temperature range of 14.5-30°C, however total cost index remains constant and minimal at a temperature range between 10°C-14.5°C for the CDU preheat train under study. In addition, the implementation of the optimum retrofit result is straightforward and feasible with minimum changes to the existing base case/design.

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