Impact Experiments Into Borosilicate Glass at Three Scale Sizes

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Anderson ◽  
Carl E. Weiss ◽  
Sidney Chocron
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Impact Experiments

Glass impact experiments were designed at three different scales—0.22-cal, 0.375-cal, and 0.50-cal—named after the diameter of the bullets. Four experimental series were conducted at the three scale sizes: (1) Lexan®-only experiments; (2) monoblock glass experiments; (3) single impact bonded glass experiments, and (4) multi-hit experiments. The experiments were conducted to obtain residual velocity Vr as a function of impact (striking) velocity Vs, including sufficient partial penetrations to calculate a ballistic limit velocity V50. The Vs – Vr data were fit to the Lambert equation to obtain another estimate of V50. The objective of the experiments was to investigate whether a time dependency exists in glass damage/failure for ballistic experiments, and if so, quantify this dependence. No scale effect was observed in experimental results for the Lexan®-only experiments. But a variety of scale effects were observed in the glass impact experiments, suggesting that failure is time dependent within the timeframe of ballistic events.

The Numerical Method as Applied to Impact Resistance Analysis of Ogival Nose Projectiles on 6061-T651 Aluminum Plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Chen ◽  
H.-C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Aluminum Plates ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

ABSTRACTThis research takes the resistance formula of spherical cavity expansion theory as its foundation. It establishes a predictive model of the residual velocity, ballistic limit velocity, and penetration depth of ogival nose projectiles striking metal target plates at high speed. They are aimed at 6061-T651 aluminum plates of different thicknesses using the iterative algorithm of the numerical method, thereby investigating the theoretical calculation of the residual velocity, penetration depth, ballistic limit velocity, and changes in resistance of ogival nose projectiles when making a normal impact target. In addition to analyzing the resistance undergone by the projectile nose section, this predictive model also considers the effects of friction resistance of the projectile shank section. In this research, we also used the finite element software LS-DYNA to perform a simulated analysis on the penetration depth of the aluminum plate after normal perforation by ogival nose projectiles. Ballistic test experiments were then performed using 0.30” AP (armor piercing) bullets. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed based on the theoretical model, experiments, and numerical simulation results.

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Ballistic Impact on Thin Laminated Composite Plate

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohamadipoor ◽  
Ehsan Zamani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Pol
Keyword(s):  
Composite Plate ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Laminated Composite Plates ◽  
Laminated Composite Plate ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Experiment ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

Penetration of flat-ended cylindrical projectiles into thin laminated composite plates was investigated analytically and experimentally. An analytical modeling was carried out for thin laminated composite plates by developing a new function for deflection by computing Von Karman nonlinear strains and by using the principle of energy balance. During the perforation process, different regions were considered for the plate, such as fracture region, elastic deformation region, delamination region, and undeformed region. The energy absorbed by each region was measured in small time intervals. To validate this model, the ballistic experiment is performed on the thin laminated composite plate near and beyond ballistic limit velocity. The samples were made from plain woven glass/epoxy using a hand lay-up method. In addition to the initial velocity, the residual velocity of the projectile was also measured using two parallel laser curtains. A comparison drawn between analytical and experimental results demonstrated a good consistency in the residual velocity of the projectile. Finally, the distribution of strains along the plate thickness direction over time, the different amounts of absorbed energy of the failure modes, delamination radius, and energy are assessed at near and beyond ballistic limit velocity.

Ballistic Resistance of AA5083-H116 Aluminum Plates against Conical-Nose Steel Projectiles Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1428-1431
Author(s):  
Wei Hai Sun ◽  
Gui Ling Ju ◽  
Ban Quan Yang ◽  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Jing Wen Pan
Keyword(s):  
Target Material ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Ale Formulation ◽  
Aluminum Plates ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Steel Projectiles ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper evaluates the ballistic resistance of AA5083-H116 aluminum plates against conical-nose steel projectiles impact using Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) finite element methods. The target material was modeled with the Johnson-Cook constitutive relation using 2D axisymmetric elements with ALE rezoning. Impact vs. residual velocity curves were constructed and the ballistic limit velocity was determined. It is found that the ballistic limits increase almost linearly with increasing plate thicknesses. The numerical results have been compared to available experimental results, and good agreement was in general obtained. The study shows that the ALE formulation works well for large deformation in ballistic penetration.

Numerical Study on Ballistic Resistance of Thin Aluminium Plate Subjected to Variable Diameter Projectile Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karthick ◽  
K. Ramajeyathilagam
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Finite Element Code ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

The ballistic resistance of a thin aluminium plate was investigated against rigid hemispherical nosed projectile impact. The target span was varied as 68 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm and impacted normally by 19 mm diameter hemispherical nosed projectile. The residual velocity and ballistic limit velocity obtained from the numerical results using nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA is compared with the experimental results available in the literature. Further, parametric study has been carried out for different projectile diameter with the same target span and validated with Recht and Ipson’s model. The ballistic limit has been decreasing with decrease in projectile diameter and it is also observed that ballistic limit of the target increases with increase in target span diameter.

scholarly journals Ballistic Limit Estimation Approaches for Ballistic Resistance Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Beya Tahenti ◽  
Frederik Coghe ◽  
Rachid Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Resistance Assessment ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Set Up

The armour technologist conducts ballistic impact testing either for evaluating armour materials and systems or for studying material’s defeating mechanism. Most standards make use of the ballistic limit velocity for ballistic assessment. This is the bullet impact velocity that leads to the protection perforation in 50 per cent of the cases. Various models have been emerged to estimate this key metric. The present article summarises the popular models developed for ballistic limit estimation. An attempt is made to point out models’ strength and weakness. First, the experimental set-up used for that goal is displayed. Next, a concise overview of ballistic limit estimation methods is presented. Lastly, a discussion is dedicated to model’s comparison and analysis. This literature survey reveals that the main drawback of already existing methods is that they are purely statistical. Moreover, existing methods are based on the normality assumption of perforation velocities which tends from -infinity to infinity. The main conclusion of this survey is that the presented methods offer a comparable accuracy in estimating the ballistic limit velocity. However, a given variability is remarked when extreme values estimation is of interest, impact velocities leading to low and high perforation probability. Finally, existing models’ performances decay with the reduction of the experimental sample size which represent a constraining requirement in ballistic resistance assessment.

A Predictive Non-Dimensional Scaling Law for the Plate Perforation of Several Aluminum Alloys by Fragment-Simulating Projectiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinong Chen ◽  
Zherui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Limit Equation ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Material Problem ◽  
Plate Perforation ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Aluminum Armor Plates

Abstract An equation was previously-presented to predict the ballistic-limit velocity for the perforation of aluminum armor plates by fragment-simulating projectiles (FSP). The ballistic-limit equation was presented in terms of dimensionless parameters so that the geometric and material problem scales are identified. Previously published predictions and data for two different FSP projectile calibers (12.7 mm and 20 mm) and two different strength aluminum alloys show the scaling law to be accurate. In this paper we extend the same concept to several other alloys and show that this scaling law is predictive.

scholarly journals Ballistic limit velocity of tungsten alloy spherical fragment penetrating Ti/Al3Ti-laminated composite target plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2092224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbin Liu ◽  
Chufan Yin ◽  
Xiaoyan Hu ◽  
Meini Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Tungsten Alloy ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Composite Target ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Different Thickness

To determine the ballistic limit velocity of titanium–titanium tri-aluminide (Ti/Al3Ti)-laminated composites under the action of tungsten alloy spherical fragments, a type of 12.7 mm ballistic gun loading system was used to test the tungsten alloy spherical fragments vertically impacting the Ti/Al3Ti-laminated composite targets with different thickness. The relationship between the ballistic limit velocity and the target area density of the Ti/Al3Ti-laminated composite was obtained. As the area density increased, the ballistic limit velocity and the ballistic energy absorbed by the target plate also enhanced. Based on the dimensional analysis and similarity theory, a simulation law of tungsten alloy spherical fragments penetrating Ti/Al3Ti-laminated composite targets with different thickness was studied and an empirical formula for the ballistic limit velocity was obtained. The research results had an important application value for the optimal design of the light armor protection structure.

Determination of Ballistic Limits of GLARE 5 Fiber-Metal Laminates: The Influences of Geometry, Thickness and Stacking Sequence

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seyed Yaghoubi ◽  
B. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

In this paper, GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) of two different geometries: 152.4mm×101.6mm (6″×4″) plate and 254mm×25.4mm (10″×1″) beam and with various thicknesses and stacking sequences were impacted by a 0.22 caliber bullet-shaped projectile using a high-speed gas gun. Velocities of the projectile along the ballistic trajectory were measured at different locations. For both geometries, the incident projectile impact velocity versus the residual velocity was plotted and numerically fitted according to the classical Lambert–Jonas equation for the determination of ballistic limit velocity, V50. The results showed that V50 varied in a parabolic trend with respect to the metal volume fraction (MVF) and the specimen thickness for both geometries. It was found that by changing the geometry from a plate to a beam, the ballistic limit velocity increased. On the other hand, changing the stacking sequence had a less pronounced effect on V50 for both geometries. The quasi-isotropic beam and plate specimens offered relatively higher ballistic limit velocities compared to other types of stacking sequences in their own geometrical groups. Furthermore, the cross-ply and unidirectional beam specimens showed relatively higher V50 compared to their plate counterparts. Experimental results showed that the ballistic limit was almost the same for the quasi-isotropic layup FMLs of both plate and beam geometries.

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