Sensitivity of Intersegmental Angles of the Spinal Column to Errors Due to Marker Misplacement

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Rouhani ◽  
Sara Mahallati ◽  
Richard Preuss ◽  
Kei Masani ◽  
Milos R. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Anterior Direction

The ranges of angular motion measured using multisegmented spinal column models are typically small, meaning that minor experimental errors can potentially affect the reliability of these measures. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the 3D intersegmental angles, measured using a multisegmented spinal column model, to errors due to marker misplacement. Eleven healthy subjects performed trunk bending in five directions. Six cameras recorded the trajectory of 22 markers, representing seven spinal column segments. Misplacement error for each marker was modeled as a Gaussian function with a standard deviation of 6 mm, and constrained to a maximum value of 12 mm in each coordinate across the skin. The sensitivity of 3D intersegmental angles to these marker misplacement errors, added to the measured data, was evaluated. The errors in sagittal plane motions resulting from marker misplacement were small (RMS error less than 3.2 deg and relative error in the angular range less than 15%) during the five trunk bending direction. The errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions, induced by marker misplacement, however, were large (RMS error up to 10.2 deg and relative error in the range up to 58%), especially during trunk bending in anterior, anterior-left, and anterior-right directions, and were often comparable in size to the intersubject variability for those motions. The induced errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions tended to be the greatest at the intersegmental levels in the lower lumbar region. These observations questioned reliability of angle measures in the frontal and transverse planes particularly in the lower lumbar region during trunk bending in anterior direction, and thus did not recommend interpreting these measures for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

scholarly journals The Spinal Curvature of Three Different Sitting Positions Analysed in an Open MRI Scanner

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Baumgartner ◽  
Roland Zemp ◽  
Renate List ◽  
Mirjam Stoop ◽  
Jaroslav Naxera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Kinematic Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Sitting is the most frequently performed posture of everyday life. Biomechanical interactions with office chairs have therefore a long-term effect on our musculoskeletal system and ultimately on our health and wellbeing. This paper highlights the kinematic effect of office chairs on the spinal column and its single segments. Novel chair concepts with multiple degrees of freedom provide enhanced spinal mobility. The angular changes of the spinal column in the sagittal plane in three different sitting positions (forward inclined, reclined, and upright) for six healthy subjects (aged 23 to 45 years) were determined using an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. An MRI-compatible and commercially available office chair was adapted for use in the scanner. The midpoint coordinates of the vertebral bodies, the wedge angles of the intervertebral discs, and the lumbar lordotic angle were analysed. The mean lordotic angles were16.0±8.5∘(mean ± standard deviation) in a forward inclined position,24.7±8.3∘in an upright position, and28.7±8.1∘in a reclined position. All segments from T10-T11 to L5-S1 were involved in movement during positional changes, whereas the range of motion in the lower lumbar segments was increased in comparison to the upper segments.

scholarly journals Characterization of lumbar angle, pelvic sagittal balance and flexibility in preschoolers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Camila Mayumi Beresoski ◽  
Mariana Zingari Camargo ◽  
Cláudia Patrícia Cardoso M. Siqueira ◽  
Débora Beckner de Almeida Leitão Prado Vieira ◽  
Fabíola Unbehaun Cibinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Introduction: The alignment between anterior superior and inferior posterior iliac spine is related to the lumbar curvature in the sagittal plane. Objective: To characterize the flexibility and angulations of the lumbar spine and the relation with the pelvic tilt in sagittal plane of preschool children. Methods: Participated in the study 138 children with ages ranging from five to six years and enrolled in eight public schools. The evaluation was performed by photogrammetry, pelvic sagittal balance test and limb stretching by fleximeter and Thomas test. Results: There was no difference in the lumbar angle with relation to gender, body mass and age. With regard to pelvic sagittal balance, the majority of preschoolers presented pelvic retroversion (56.6%). Children with pelvic anteversion (4.3%) presented a lower lumbar angle, indicating hyperlordosis. Children with pelvic sagittal balance presented better flexibility of the hamstring muscles than those with the pelvis in retroversion and anteversion. Conclusion: Flexibility was greatest in girls and in five-year-old children. The angle of the lumbar was 24.07°. The pelvis was retroversed in most children, differing from expected for the age group. The lowest angle of the lumbar region corresponded to a pelvis in anteroversion and balanced.

scholarly journals 1C2-3 Relationship between the flexibility of spinal column on the sagittal plane and the ability of dynamic balances in the elderly

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S164-S165
Author(s):  
Yahiko TAKEUCHI ◽  
Megumi OTA ◽  
Takuya OTANI ◽  
Satoshi OGATA ◽  
Makoto MIWA
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
The Elderly

The volume of true heterotopies of the spinal cord

1902 ◽  
Vol 2 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 612-630
Author(s):  
V. Methodiev
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Normal Spine ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Here it is necessary to disassemble separately the doubling of the spinal cord in the normal spine and the doubling that sometimes accompanies the so-called. spinam bifidam (mainly in the lower lumbar region).

Magnetic resonance imaging findings and antemortem cytologic diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma in a dog

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Gibson ◽  
Michael F. Rosser ◽  
Cintia R. de Oliveira ◽  
Rachel Lampe ◽  
Janice M. Pfeiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Fine Needle

Abstract CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old 31.1-kg castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of a 1- to 2-week history of paraparesis, knuckling of the hind feet, and difficulty posturing to urinate or defecate. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog was paraparetic but weakly ambulatory with a kyphotic posture, a mildly decreased patellar reflex in the right pelvic limb, increased tone in both pelvic limbs, and marked hyperesthesia on paraspinal palpation of the lumbar region. The urinary bladder was enlarged and firm on palpation. Neuroanatomic findings were primarily consistent with localization to the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Magenetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spinal column revealed a discrete intramedullary spinal cord mass from the cranial aspect of L4 to the middle of L5. The mass was sampled by fine-needle aspiration, and on cytologic evaluation, the suspected diagnosis was an ependymoma. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination of the spinal cord and histologic findings for samples of the mass supported a likely diagnosis of ependymoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ependymoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs but should be considered in young patients with evidence of a tumor in the CNS. Fine-needle aspiration of the spinal cord mass was possible in the dog of this report, and the cytologic findings provided useful diagnostic information.

Functional Role of the Superior Articular Facets of the Atlas in the Enhancement of Craniovertebral Junction Stability

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Hallgren ◽  
Erik Cattrysse ◽  
Jesse M. Zrull
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Automobile Accidents ◽  
Automobile Accident ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Posterior Translation ◽  
Developmental Variations

Whiplash distortions of the cervical spine, occurring during the retraction phase of a rear end automobile accident, are known to cause posterior translation of the head relative to the chest and shoulders [1,2]. This anteroposterior shear produces sagittal plane rotation of the cervical spine which results in relative flexion between the occiput and the atlas (Fig. 1). This study demonstrates that there is a significant difference between the average angles of the anterior aspects and the posterior aspects of the superior facets of the atlas with respect to a horizontal (transverse) plane at P<0.01. We hypothesize that developmental variations in some individuals will allow excessive posterior translation of the head during rear end automobile accidents, and that this excessive motion may increase the risk of sustaining a whiplash-type injury for some individuals.

Estimated Force and Moment of Shoulder External Rotation Muscles: Differences Between Transverse and Sagittal Planes

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro ◽  
Daniel Cury Ribeiro ◽  
Felipe de Camargo Forte ◽  
Joelly Mahnic de Toledo ◽  
Roberto Costa Krug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder Muscle ◽  
Anterior Deltoid ◽  
Muscle Force Production ◽  
Teres Minor

The aim of this study was to compare shoulder muscle force and moment production during external rotation performed in the transverse and sagittal planes. An optimization model was used for estimating shoulder muscle force production of infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid and posterior deltoid muscles. The model uses as input data the external rotation moment, muscle moment arm magnitude, muscle physiologic cross-sectional area and muscle specific tension. The external rotation moment data were gathered from eight subjects in transverse and six subjects in sagittal plane using an isokinetic dynamometer. In the sagittal plane, all studied muscles presented larger estimated force in comparison with the transverse plane. The infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles presented larger moment in sagittal when compared with transverse plane. When prescribing shoulder rehabilitation exercises, therapists should bear in mind the described changes in muscle force production.

Extradural Myxopapillary Ependymoma arising in the lower lumbar region

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Agrawal ◽  
A Kakani ◽  
A Bhake ◽  
A Agrawa ◽  
N Meshram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myxopapillary Ependymoma ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Further studies into proximal interphalangeal joint dimensions for the design of a surface replacement prosthesis: Medullary cavities and transverse plane shapes

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E Ash ◽  
A Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Surface Replacement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Middle Ring ◽  
Replacement Prosthesis

The proximal and middle phalanges from 83 proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs) were set in clear plastic and sectioned in the transverse plane leaving the heads whole. The sections were cleaned, shadowgraphed and measured. The medullary canals were marked on sagittal and frontal plane shadowgraphs of the intact bones and analysed. The information was then used in the design of a surface replacement prosthesis for the PIPJs. The main dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx (PP) was found to be angled to the longitudinal baseline of the bone by a mean of 5.19°. This angle increased just proximal to the phalangeal head to a mean of 11.84°. The mean ratio between these angles was 2.71. The phalangeal shaft bone was thicker laterally than dorsally and palmarly, and thicker dorsally than palmarly for the proximal and middle phalanges throughout the length of the bone. The shape and size of the transverse cross-section of the medullary canal changed throughout the length of the shaft. The centreline of the PP medullary canal coincided with the midline of the bone in the frontal plane and was approximately a straight line along the length of the canal. In the sagittal plane the centreline was slightly palmar to the midline and the angle between it and the longitudinal baseline of the bone changed along the length of the canal. In the region of the shaft just proximal to the PP head (where the stem of a surface replacement prosthesis would fit) the mean angle was 10.63°. The centreline was offset dorsally from the centre of rotation of the PIPJ by a mean of 0.83 mm, 0.83 mm, 0.80 mm and 0.57 mm for the index, middle, ring and little fingers respectively, with an overall mean of 0.76 mm. The mean PP head heights (transverse plane) were 9.17 mm, 9.33 mm, 8.73 mm and 7.40 mm and the mean PP widths (transverse plane) were 12.86 mm, 13.25 mm, 12.75 mm and 10.54 mm for the index, middle, ring and little fingers respectively. The mean angle between the lateral sides of the condyles to the transverse baseline was 78.35° and the mean distance from the centreline of the PP head (transverse plane) to the bases of the two condyles was 4.69 mm. The mean maximum depth of the PP head intercondylar sulcus in the frontal plane was 0.72 mm and in the transverse plane, the mean maximum depth of the intercondylar sulcus on the anterior face was 0.82 mm.

scholarly journals The effect of prosthetic torsional stiffness on the golf swing kinematics of a left and a right-sided trans-tibial amputee

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Rogers ◽  
S. C. Strike ◽  
E. S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Golf Swing ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Socket Interface

The golf swing is a biomechanically complex movement requiring three-dimensional movements at the ankle joint complex (AJC), the hips and shoulders. Trans-tibial amputees lose the natural AJC movements as many prostheses do not allow three dimensional foot movements. Torsion devices have been developed and incorporated into prostheses to facilitate internal and external transverse plane rotations. These devices can help amputees to compensate for the loss of movement and to reduce shearing stresses at the stump-socket interface. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three torsion devices on body rotations during the golf swing. Two trans-tibial amputees (one right-sided and one left-sided) were analysed using three-dimensional video analysis at address (ADR), the top of the backswing (TBS) and at the end of the follow-through (EFT). The participants played shots with a 3-wood under three different prosthetic conditions (two with a torsion device set to different stiffness values, and one with no torsion device). The results showed that the torsion device served to improve the hip and shoulder rotations of the left-side amputee without increasing perceived stress at the stump. The torsion device had minimal effect on the hip and shoulder rotations of the right-side amputee, although perceived stress was reduced. The difference in results between the right-sided and left-sided amputees was due to the different requirements of each foot during the golf swing. The main problem faced by the right-side amputee was a loss of the sagittal plane movement of ankle joint plantarflexion at EFT, rather than the transverse plane movement.

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