Power Management and Distribution System for a Mars Surface Fission Power Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayu M. Hew ◽  
Kevin J. Schillo ◽  
Akansha Kumar ◽  
Kurt E. Harris ◽  
Steven D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Power Operation

This paper presents a power management and distribution system (PMAD) for a growing Martian colony. The colony is designed for a 15-year operation lifetime, and will accommodate a population that grows from 6 to 126 crewmembers. To provide sufficient power, a nuclear fission surface power (FSP) system is proposed with a total capacity of 1 MWel. The system consists of three 333 kWel fission reactors. Direct current (DC) transmission with 2000 voltage direct current (VDC) is found to provide the best power density and transmission efficiency for the given configuration. The grounding system consists of grounding rods, grounding grids, and a soil-enhancement plan. A regenerative fuel cell using a propellant tank recycled from the lander was found to have the best energy density and scalability among all the options investigated. The thermal energy reservoir, while having the worst storage efficiency, can be constructed through in situ resource utilization (ISRU), and is a promising long-term option. A daily load following a 12-h cycle can be achieved, and the power variation will be less than 10% during normal operation. Several main load-following scenarios are studied and accommodated, including an extended dust storm, nighttime, daytime, and transient peak power operation. A contingency power operation budget is also considered in the event that all of the reactors fail. The system has a power distribution efficiency of 85%, a storage efficiency of 50%, and a total mass of 13 Mt.

Fault Identification in a Subsea ESP Power Distribution System Using Electrical Waveform Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Obst ◽  
Andrew Merlino ◽  
Alex Parlos ◽  
Dario Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Power Distribution System

Abstract This paper describes the technology and processes used to identify in a timely matter the source of an Instantaneous Over Current (IOC) trip during an ESP re-start at Shell Perdido SPAR. Monitoring health condition of subsea ESPs is challenging. ESPs operate in harsh and remote environments which makes it difficult to implement and maintain any in-situ monitoring system. Shell operates five subsea ESPs and implemented a topside conditioning monitoring system using electrical waveform analysis. The Perdido SPAR had a scheduled maintenance shutdown in April 2019. While ramping the facility down on April 19, 2019 the variable frequency drive (VFD) for ESP-E tripped on a cell overvoltage fault. The cell was changed, but the VFD continued to trip on instantaneous overcurrent. During ramp up beginning April 29, 2019 most equipment came back online smoothly, but the VFD of the particular ESP labeled ESP-E continued to experience the problem that was causing overcurrent trips, preventing restart. Initial investigations could not pinpoint the source of the issue. On May 1, 2019 Shell sought to investigate this issue using high-frequency electrical waveform data recorded topside as an attempt to better pinpoint the source of this trip. Analysis of electrical waveform before, during and after the IOC trip found an intermittent shorting/arcing at the VFD and ruled out any issues with the 7,000-foot-long umbilical cable or ESP motor. Upon further inspection, a VFD technician was able to visually identify the source of the problem. Relying in part on electrical waveform findings, VFD technician found failed outer jackets in the MV shielded cables at the output filter section creating a ground path from the VFD output bus via the cable shield. The cables were replaced, and the problem was alleviated allowing the system to return to normal operation. Shell credits quick and accurate analysis of electrical waveform with accelerating troubleshooting activities on the VFD, saving approximately 1-2 days of troubleshooting time and associated downtime savings, that translate to approximately 50,000 BOE deferment reduction. Analysis of high-frequency electrical waveform using physics-based and machine learning algorithms enables one to extract long-term changes in ESP health, while filtering out the shorter-term changes caused by operating condition variations. This novel approach to analysis provides operators with a reliable source of information for troubleshooting and diagnosing failure events to reduce work-over costs and limit production losses.

A fast non-dominated sorting guided genetic algorithm for multi-objective power distribution system reconfiguration problem

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Awad M. Eldurssi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
System Reconfiguration ◽  
Distribution System Reconfiguration

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Power distribution systems are designed and constructed as closed loops, but they are operated in a radial topology by choosing suitable open tie switches. Radial configurations are used because they satisfy various operational and protection requirements. Distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) determines the status of both sectionalizing switches (which are normally closed) and tie switches (which are normally open). DSR has great benefits in both normal and abnormal operations (outages). DSR is a multi-objective, non-linear problem. A new, fast, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (FNSGA) is introduced for solving the DSR problem in normal operation by satisfying all objectives simultaneously with a relatively small numbers of population size and generations and short computational time. The dissertation describes creative contributions to genetic algorithm science for the DSR problem and describes results of applying the FNSGA to a standard IEEE test system. The results show the efficiency of this algorithm as compared to other methods in terms of both achieving all the goals and minimizing the computational time with reasonable population and generation sizes. The objectives of the problem in normal operation are to optimize the system performance and efficiency in terms of maximizing the operating voltage and minimizing the branch loading. The operation cost will be reduced by minimizing the real power losses. This should be achieved with a small number of switching operations. The objectives of the problem in normal operation are to minimize real power losses and improve the voltage profile and load-balancing index with minimum switching operations. In this dissertation, a load shedding strategy based on priority customers, minimization of the number of affected buses, and minimization of the number of switching operations is introduced. To test the algorithm, it was applied to three widely studied test systems and a real one. The results show the efficiency of this algorithm as compared to other methods in terms of achieving all the objectives simultaneously with reasonable population and generation sizes and without using a mutation rate, which is usually problem-dependent.

OPTIMAL OFF POINT DETERMINATION IN ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING RISK ASSESSMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah ◽  
Noor Hasnizam Hanafi ◽  
Nurhafiza Azizan ◽  
Mohammad Harith Amlus
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Actual Field

In normal operation of distribution systems, protection systems are important for reliability and efficiency measures. For reliability enhancement of primary loop distribution systems, off points are normally located in midway between substations. Off point in networks allow the continued supply of electric to customer during faults as the feeder is separated into two sections, between two substations. Once a fault is cleared, then the faulted section can be reconfigured to accept supply from the unfaulted section. This is known as load restoration in network distribution system. Currently, off points are allocated using load flows and based on the engineer’s experience. However this method does not optimize the reliability to customers, as it does not take into account the risk allocation to customers. To overcome this, the research proposed a risk-based analysis, which can determine an optimal off point location. The analysis used a real network between PMU Kota Setar and PMU Kota Sarang Semut, Kedah, Malaysia. Actual field data from varying utilities were used for completion of this project. Six scenarios were developed to get a clear view of the total impact of risk with varying locations of off point. It is shown that the method proposed in this project gives a better indication for the optimal determination off point in electrical power distribution systems compared to the commonly used method.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of Power Management for a Highly Reliable Distribution System using a Triple Active Bridge Converter in a DC Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Keiji Wada
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Power Distribution System

Owing to the acute energy shortage issue and the increasing energy demands of information and communication technology systems worldwide, the development of a DC microgrid that can utilize renewable energy sources, such as wind and photovoltaic power, has been accelerated. Therefore, power management for DC microgrid distributed systems is promoted to achieve high reliability and efficiency in power distribution systems. For industry and power transmission applications such as data centers, power management with the help of DC converters is highly recommended. In this paper, we propose a prototype of a power distribution system with a triple active bridge (TAB) converter for data centers in the DC microgrid. Moreover, we introduce a power management approach for a distribution system using the TAB converter. Finally, we perform simulations of the proposed configuration to verify the controllability of the circuit performance and the high reliability of the system.

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