Wind Turbine Participation in Primary Frequency Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chu Cheong ◽  
Zheren Ma ◽  
Haiya Qian ◽  
Julia Conger ◽  
Pengwei Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Power Simulation ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control ◽  
Gain Scheduled

Wind energy is a clean and desirable power source, but wind turbines can potentially operate to the detriment of grid stability. As wind turbine penetration increases, concerns grow regarding power intermittency and frequency regulation. These factors motivate a need for control methodologies that enable a wind turbine to support grid frequency regulation. In this paper, a control design is proposed for a wind turbine to operate in conjunction with a backup synchronous generator for primary frequency control in a microgrid. The proposed design capitalizes on the idea that the wind turbine has a significant amount of rotational inertia in its rotor, and so the power output of the wind turbine can be rapidly adjusted for frequency support via power electronic commands. A novel torque controller is proposed to quickly track the commanded power output without causing wind turbine instability, and an H2 gain-scheduled pitch controller has been developed to optimally track the commanded power output while avoiding turbine overspeeding. The proposed design may be used for either un-deloaded or deloaded wind turbine operation, depending on the available wind power. Simulation results show that the proposed wind turbine frequency control effectively enhances the grid frequency response by reducing the frequency deviation from its nominal value following a power imbalance event.

scholarly journals Optimal Power Reserve of a Wind Turbine System Participating in Primary Frequency Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Bubshait ◽  
Marcelo G. Simões
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control ◽  
And Control

Participation of a wind turbine (WT) in primary frequency control (PFC) requires reserving some active power. The reserved power can be used to support the grid frequency. To maintain the required amount of reserve power, the WT is de-loaded to operate under its maximum power. The objective of this article is to design a control method for a WT system to maintain the reserved power of the WT, by controlling both pitch angle and rotor speed simultaneously in order to optimize the operation of the WT system. The pitch angle is obtained such that the stator current of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is reduced. Therefore, the resistive losses in the machine and the conduction losses of the converter are minimized. To avoid an excessive number of pitch motor operations, the wind forecast is implemented in order to predict consistent pitch angle valid for longer timeframe. Then, the selected pitch angle and the known curtailed power are used to find the optimal rotor speed by applying a nonlinear equation solver. To validate the proposed de-loading approach and control method, a detailed WT system is modeled in Matlab/Simulink (The Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA, 2017). Then, the proposed control scheme is validated using hardware-in-the-loop and real time simulation built in Opal-RT (10.4.14, Opal-RT Inc., Montreal, PQ, Canada).

scholarly journals Primary frequency control applied to the wind turbine based on the DFIG controlled by the ADRC

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Issam Minka ◽  
Ahmed Essadki ◽  
Sara Mensou ◽  
Tamou Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

<span lang="EN-US">In this paper, we study the primary frequency control that allows the variable speed Aeolian to participate in the frequency regulation when a failure affects the network frequency. This method based on the control of the generator rotational speed or the control of pitch angle makes it possible to force the wind turbine to produce less power than its maximum available power, consequently we will create an active power reserve. This wind turbine must inject into the grid a part of its power reserve when the frequency drops, in contrary the wind turbine reserves more of energy. So, this work presents the performances of this control strategy for the different wind speed value. The results are obtained by a simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.</span>

scholarly journals The Research on Second-Order ADRC Algorithm of Using Wind Turbine Virtual Inertia to Participate in Primary Frequency Regulation in a Small Stand-Alone Microgrid

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wang Yi ◽  
Jiang Hanhong ◽  
Xing Pengxiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Virtual Inertia ◽  
Inertia Control ◽  
Primary Frequency

In order to improve the transient stability of frequency in a small stand-alone microgrid (SSM), this paper takes a SSM composed of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) and a micro gas turbine (MGT) as the background and uses wind turbine generator (WTG) virtual inertia (VI) to participate in the primary (short-term) system frequency regulation. First of all, this paper constructs a grid-connected model composed of a WTG and a MGT, analyzes the WTG virtual inertia frequency regulation mechanism, and explains the principle of proportional-differentiation (PD) virtual inertia control (VIC) and its shortcomings. Secondly, the paper introduces the structure principle of n-order active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and deduces the design process of second-order ADRC-VIC. Finally, through the simulation and experimental verification, comparing the frequency perturbation of without-VIC, PD-VIC, and ADRC-VIC, it is concluded that PD-VIC and ADRC-VIC both can use the WTG virtual inertia to participate in the primary frequency regulation. The frequency regulation effect of ADRC-VIC is better than PD-VIC, ADRC-VIC can extend the rotor speed recovery time and avoid overshoot, and its frequency fluctuation amplitude and settling time are obviously improved, and ADRC-VIC can effectively avoid the overshoot phenomenon of the MGT output power.

Time Sequence Coordination Frequency Control Strategy Design of Wind Farm

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Hong Tao Wang ◽  
Cheng Ming He
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control ◽  
Strategy Design ◽  
System Frequency

For the rotor speed of variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) is decoupled from system frequency, the system equivalent rotary inertia and primary frequency control ability are decreased with wind power penetration growing continuously. To solve the problems, VSWT with additional frequency control was studied. The dynamic characteristics of input and output power of VSWT during participating in system frequency regulation are analyzed. The relationships between the active power increments and the duration of VSWT participating frequency control are quantified. A coordination frequency control strategy base on time sequence control is proposed. According to the control strategy, the VSWTs can participate in frequency regulation depending on the coordination of wind speed, power increments and duration. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, which can make full use of the frequency regulation ability of VSWTs as well as minimize the negative effects on system frequency.

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