Blood Flow Manipulation in the Aorta With Coarctation and Arch Narrowing for Pediatric Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Jia ◽  
Kumaradevan Punithakumar ◽  
Michelle Noga ◽  
Arman Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Wall Shear

Abstract The characteristics of blood flow in an abnormal pediatric aorta with an aortic coarctation and aortic arch narrowing are examined using direct numerical simulations and patient-specific boundary conditions. The blood flow simulations of a normal pediatric aorta are used for comparison to identify unique flow features resulting from the aorta geometrical anomalies. Despite flow similarities compared to the flow in normal aortic arch, the flow velocity decreases with an increase in pressure, wall shear stress, and vorticity around both anomalies. The presence of wall shear stresses in the trailing indentation region and aorta coarctation opposing the primary flow direction suggests that there exist recirculation zones in the aorta. The discrepancy in relative flowrates through the top and bottom of the aorta outlets, and the pressure drop across the coarctation, implies a high blood pressure in the upper body and a low blood pressure in the lower body. We propose using flow manipulators prior to the aortic arch and coarctation to lower the wall shear stress, while making the recirculation regions both smaller and weaker. The flow manipulators form a guide to divert and correct blood flow in critical regions of the aorta with anomalies.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Dispersed Particle-Blood Flow in the Stenosed Coronary Arteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongkol Kaewbumrung ◽  
Somsak Orankitjaroen ◽  
Pichit Boonkrong ◽  
Buraskorn Nuntadilok ◽  
Benchawan Wiwatanapataphee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Wall Shear

A mathematical model of dispersed bioparticle-blood flow through the stenosed coronary artery under the pulsatile boundary conditions is proposed. Blood is assumed to be an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and its flow is considered as turbulence described by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Bioparticles are assumed to be spherical shape with the same density as blood, and their translation and rotational motions are governed by Newtonian equations. Impact of particle movement on the blood velocity, the pressure distribution, and the wall shear stress distribution in three different severity degrees of stenosis including 25%, 50%, and 75% are investigated through the numerical simulation using ANSYS 18.2. Increasing degree of stenosis severity results in higher values of the pressure drop and wall shear stresses. The higher level of bioparticle motion directly varies with the pressure drop and wall shear stress. The area of coronary artery with higher density of bioparticles also presents the higher wall shear stress.

Analysis of Flow Disturbance in a Stenosed Carotid Artery Bifurcation Using Two-Equation Transitional and Turbulence Models

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. P. Tan ◽  
G. Soloperto ◽  
S. Bashford ◽  
N. B. Wood ◽  
S. Thom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Wall Shear

In this study, newly developed two-equation turbulence models and transitional variants are employed for the prediction of blood flow patterns in a diseased carotid artery where the growth, progression, and structure of the plaque at rupture are closely linked to low and oscillating wall shear stresses. Moreover, the laminar-turbulent transition in the poststenotic zone can alter the separation zone length, wall shear stress, and pressure distribution over the plaque, with potential implications for stresses within the plaque. Following the validation with well established experimental measurements and numerical studies, a magnetic-resonance (MR) image-based model of the carotid bifurcation with 70% stenosis was reconstructed and simulated using realistic patient-specific conditions. Laminar flow, a correlation-based transitional version of Menter’s hybrid k‐ϵ∕k‐ω shear stress transport (SST) model and its “scale adaptive simulation” (SAS) variant were implemented in pulsatile simulations from which analyses of velocity profiles, wall shear stress, and turbulence intensity were conducted. In general, the transitional version of SST and its SAS variant are shown to give a better overall agreement than their standard counterparts with experimental data for pulsatile flow in an axisymmetric stenosed tube. For the patient-specific case reported, the wall shear stress analysis showed discernable differences between the laminar flow and SST transitional models but virtually no difference between the SST transitional model and its SAS variant.

Computational Fluid Dynamics of a Vascular Access Case for Hemodialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ene-Iordache ◽  
Lidia Mosconi ◽  
Giuseppe Remuzzi ◽  
Andrea Remuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wall Shear

Vascular accesses (VA) for hemodialysis are usually created by native arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) or synthetic grafts. Maintaining patency of VA continues to be a major problem for patients with end-stage renal disease, since in these vessels thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia often occur. These lesions are frequently associated with disturbed flow that develops near bifurcations or sharp curvatures. We explored the possibility of investigating blood flow dynamics in a patient-specific model of end-to-end native AVF using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using digital subtraction angiographies of an AVF, we generated a three-dimensional meshwork for numerical analysis of blood flow. As input condition, a time-dependent blood waveform in the radial artery was derived from centerline velocity obtained during echo-color-Doppler ultrasound examination. The finite element solution was calculated using a fluid-dynamic software package. In the straight, afferent side of the radial artery wall shear stress ranged between 20 and 36 dynes/cm2, while on the inner surface of the bending zone it increased up to 350 dynes/cm2. On the venous side, proximal to the anastomosis, wall shear stress was oscillating between negative and positive values (from −12 dynes/cm2 to 112 dynes/cm2), while distal from the anastomosis, the wall shear stress returned within the physiologic range, ranging from 8 to 22 dynes/cm2. Areas of the vessel wall with very high shear stress gradient were identified on the bending zone of the radial artery and on the venous side, after the arteriovenous shunt. Secondary blood flows were also observed in these regions. CFD gave a detailed description of blood flow field and showed that this approach can be used for patient-specific analysis of blood vessels, to understand better the role of local hemodynamic conditions in the development of vascular lesions.

Negative Correlation of Wall Thickness With Wall Blood Pressure in a Patient-Specific Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyue Liu ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Richard Bach ◽  
Dalin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Impact

There are two major hemodynamic stresses imposed at the blood-arterial wall interface by flowing blood: the wall shear stress (WSS) acting tangentially to the wall, and the wall pressure (WP) acting vertically to the wall. These forces influence the artery wall metabolism and correspond to the local modifications of artery wall thickness, composition, microarchitecture, and compliance [2]. The role of flow wall shear stress in atherosclerosis progression has been under intensive investigation [4], while the impact of local blood pressure on plaque progression has been under-studied.

ESTIMATION OF WALL SHEAR STRESS OF COMPLIANT THORACIC AORTA WITH ANEURYSM

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
AHMED BAKHIT ALANAZI ◽  
MOHAMED YACIN SIKKANDAR ◽  
MOHAMED IBRAHIM WALY
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Hemodynamic Pattern ◽  
Wall Shear

In this paper, a numerical estimation of wall shear stress (WSS) in a compliant Thoracic Aorta (TA) with aneurysm is modeled and the hemodynamic pattern is studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is an excessively localized enlargement of TA caused by weakness in the arterial wall and it can rupture the inner wall intima and continue on to the outer wall adventitia. WSS is a tangential force exerted by blood flow on the vessel wall, and its estimation is clinically very important because any change in WSS is considered as a vital cue in the onset of aneurysm. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a TAA reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images comprising of 600 slices with 1-mm resolution from neck to hip is considered and patient-specific simulations have been carried out in compliant TA under rest and exercise conditions. The findings show that the change in wall geometry was marginal due to variation in pressure forces inside and is not the primary source for expansion of an aneurysm. It was inferred that expansion was rather due to thinning of the wall, owing to damage caused to the inner lining of the tissues, at regions of high WSS. It was found that the geometry extraction is important as any change in length causes a corresponding variation in mass flow through it. Although mass conservation is maintained irrespective of the length, it does affect the rate of flow due to shifting in the pressure boundary conditions with the length as it varies the pressure inside the system. Modeling of the geometry is very important as the change in mass flow will affect the outlet velocity and strength of vortices. Surprisingly, the split-up of flow is consistent but the geometric change in the model has no effect on WSS values and flow pattern. The results of this study provide important information such as blood flow pattern and pressure drops in the compliant TA on WSS estimations with TAA diseases.

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