Impacts of Air Conditioning Equipment Sizing on Energy Performance of US Office Buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Franklin Chiu ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ac Systems ◽  
Equipment Sizing ◽  
Conditioning Equipment

Abstract The paper summarizes the results of a systematic and comprehensive analysis to investigate the impacts of inadequate sizing air conditioning (AC) systems on the overall energy consumption of medium and large office buildings located in representative US cities. The effects of proper sizing on the overall and disaggregated AC systems are evaluated in terms of energy consumption, peak demand, equipment run-time, and indoor thermal comfort. The presented analysis covers the performance a wide range of AC equipment components that serve US office buildings including packaged rooftop units as well as central cooling plants. The analysis results indicate that oversizing penalties can be significant on the annual energy consumption and electrical peak demand as well as capital costs for both medium and large office buildings. In particular, the reliance on simplified calculation methods and rules-of-thumb to determine equipment capacities can lead to significantly oversizing AC systems for office buildings in the vast majority of US climates and can result in increases of annual energy consumption and electrical peak demand of up to 29%. Moreover, oversizing increases capital costs required for air conditioning office buildings and extends cycling periods and associated structural stresses and failures of AC equipment.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Comparison between Liquid-Desiccant-Assisted Air Conditioning System and Dedicated Outdoor Air System in Different Climatic Regions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Su Liu ◽  
Sang-Tae No ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Air System

The main purpose of this research is to analyze and compare the energy performance of two different novel air conditioning systems; one is a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) with a parallel system and the other is a heat-pump-integrated liquid-desiccant and evaporative-cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (HPLD-IDECOAS). It was assumed that office buildings served by each system were located in six cities representing four different climatic regions in China. The hourly thermal loads of the office buildings meeting the local building design codes of each selected city were predicted by the TRNSYS 18 software package. The hourly thermal load data were imported into the commercial engineering equation solver (EES) program to estimate the operating energy consumption of each system via detailed energy simulations performed using valid system simulation models. The results show that the HPLD-IDECOAS has higher energy-saving potential than the DOAS with a parallel system in climate regions with high humidity, whereas, in dry regions, the difference in energy consumption between the two systems was not significant.

scholarly journals A Fundamental Study on the Development of New Energy Performance Index in Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Jin-Hee Kim ◽  
Seong-Koo Son ◽  
Gyeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Young-Tag Kim ◽  
Sung-Bum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

Recently, there have been significant concerns regarding excessive energy use in office buildings with a large window-to-wall ratio (WWR) because of the curtain wall structure. However, prior research has confirmed that the impact of the window area on energy consumption varies depending on building size. A newly proposed window-to-floor ratio (WFR) correlates better with energy consumption in the building. In this paper, we derived the correlation by analyzing a simulation using EnergyPlus, and the results are as follows. In the case of small buildings, the results of this study showed that the WWR and energy requirement increase proportionally, and the smaller the size is, the higher the energy sensitivity will be. However, results also confirmed that this correlation was not established for buildings approximately 3600 m2 or larger. Nevertheless, from analyzing the correlation between the WFR and the energy requirements, it could be deduced that energy required increased proportionally when the WFR was 0.1 or higher. On the other hand, the correlation between WWR, U-value, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and material property values of windows had little effect on energy when the WWR was 20%, and the highest effect was seen at a WWR of 100%. Further, with an SHGC below 0.3, the energy requirement decreased with an increasing WWR, regardless of U-value. In addition, we confirmed the need for in-depth research on the impact of the windows’ U-value, SHGC, and WWR, and this will be verified through future studies. In future studies on window performance, U-value, SHGC, visible light transmittance (VLT), wall U-value as sensitivity variables, and correlation between WFR and building size will be examined.

The Studies on the Energy Consumption Quota of State Organ Office Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5899-5904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yun Li ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Ran Du ◽  
Hai Cheng Li ◽  
Yun Guo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Current Stage

The paper gives energy consumption indexes of government organization office buildings at the current stage, and then analyses energy-saving potential of office buildings. Further, it discusses building consumption has a correlation between the heating form of air conditioning and personnel density. Finally, the paper presents the energy consumption quota and the formulating method of using energy quota of state organ office buildings at the current stage.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study: Energy Performance Analysis of Conventional Office Buildings at Lucknow

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Farheen Bano ◽  
Vandana Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Using Data

In this study, the energy consumption of three government and three private office buildings in Lucknow was investigated, and the energy performance index (EPI) for each building was determined. The main purpose of this research was to assess the energy usage of the buildings and identify factors affecting the energy usage. An analysis was performed using data from an energy audit of government buildings, electricity bills of private office buildings, and an on-site visit to determine building envelope materials and its systems. The annual energy consumption of buildings has been evaluated through EPI. The EPI, measured in kilowatt hour per square meter per year, is annual energy consumption in kilowatt hours divided by the gross floor area of the building in square meters. In this study, the energy benchmark for day-time-use office buildings in composite climate specified by Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been compared with the energy consumption of the selected buildings. Consequently, it has been found that the average EPI of the selected buildings was close to the national energy benchmark indicated by ECBC. Moreover, factors causing inefficient energy consumption were determined, and solutions for consistent energy savings are suggested for buildings in composite climate.

Synthetic Evaluation Study on AC Systems within Office and Business Building by DeST Software

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3008-3012
Author(s):  
Yi Ran Wei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Ac Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Synthetic Evaluation

A synthetic evaluation study on AC (Air Conditioning) Systems within office and business building is made by using DeST (Building Environment Design Simulation Toolkit) software (Developed by QingHua University ) and orthogonal experiment method. Many useful analysis results of the AC systems can be obtained such as the year electricity consumption, the year gas consumption, the year consumption amount of “Primary Energy”, the year average COP, the year average load ratio, the discharge amount of sensible heat to outdoor atmosphere in summer, and the year discharge amount of some main “Green House Effect” gases(CO2, SOx, NOx due to “Primary Energy” consumption) to outdoor atmosphere. Both of energy consumption characteristics and environmental effect of air conditioning systems, and their relationship with variety of parameters of architectural structure and type can be well known. All results we made are helpful to get guidance on the equipment selection, helpful to the operational mode selection of air-conditioning systems and the parameter selection of the architectural structure and type.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Use at the University of Almeria (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5843
Author(s):  
Mehdi Chihib ◽  
Esther Salmerón-Manzano ◽  
Mimoun Chourak ◽  
Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
University Buildings ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused chaos in many sectors and industries. In the energy sector, the demand has fallen drastically during the first quarter of 2020. The University of Almeria campus also declined the energy consumption in 2020, and through this study, we aimed to measure the impact of closing the campus on the energy use of its different facilities. We built our analysis based upon the dataset collected during the year 2020 and previous years; the patterns evolution through time allowed us to better understand the energy performance of each facility during this exceptional year. We rearranged the university buildings into categories, and all the categories reduced their electricity consumption share in comparison with the previous year of 2019. Furthermore, the portfolio of categories presented a wide range of ratios that varied from 56% to 98%, the library category was found to be the most influenced, and the research category was found to be the least influenced. This opened questions like why some facilities were influenced more than others? What can we do to reduce the energy use even more when the facilities are closed? The university buildings presented diverse structures that revealed differences in energy performance, which explained why the impact of such an event (COVID-19 pandemic) is not necessarily relevant to have equivalent variations. Nevertheless, some management deficiencies were detected, and some energy savings measures were proposed to achieve a minimum waste of energy.

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