Design and Performance Testing of a Novel In-Vivo Laparoscope Lens Cleaning Device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Idelson ◽  
John Uecker ◽  
James Garcia ◽  
Sunjna Kohli ◽  
Greta Handing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A common tool for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and other anatomical pathologies is a form of minimally invasive surgery known as laparoscopy. Roughly 4 million laparoscopic surgeries are performed in the US every year, with an estimated 15 million globally. During surgeries, lens clarity often becomes impaired via (1) condensation or (2) smearing of bodily fluids and tissues. The current gold standard solution requires scope removal from the body for cleaning, offering opportunity for decreased surgical safety and efficiency, while simultaneously generating mounting frustration for the operating room team. A novel lens cleaning device was designed and developed to clean a laparoscope lens in-vivo during surgery. Benchtop experiments in a warm body simulated environment allowed quantification of lens cleaning efficacy for several lens contaminants. Image analysis techniques detected differences between original (clean), post-debris, and post-cleaning images. Mechanical testing was also executed to determine safety levels regarding potential misuse scenarios. Compared to gold standard device technologies, the novel lens cleaning device prototype showed strong performance and ability to clear a laparoscope lens of debris while mitigating the need for scope removal from the simulated surgical cavity. Mechanical testing results also suggests the design also holds inherently strong safety performance. Both objective metrics and subjective observation suggests the novel design holds promise to improve safety and efficiency during laparoscopic surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of a GE Lunar DPX-IQ and a Norland XR-26 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner for body composition measurements in pigs – <i>in vivo</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lösel ◽  
P. Kremer ◽  
E. Albrecht ◽  
A. M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. In the context of future growth and performance testing, this study compares corresponding body composition results measured by two dual energy X-ray absorptiometry systems. To test the capability of each device to detect differences among experimental groups widely varying in body composition, 77 pigs from 6 purebred/crossbred groups were used for the experiment. Each pig was scanned consecutively on a Norland XR-26 and on a GE Lunar DPX-IQ. Coefficients of determination were: R²=0.92 for bone mineral content (BMC), R²=0.90 for bone mineral density (BMD), R²=0.94 for lean mass (LEAN), R²=0.92 for fat mass (FAT), R²=0.88 for lean percentage (%LEAN) and fat percentage (%FAT). However, Norland yielded larger values for %FAT and smaller values for %LEAN, BMC, and BMD than Lunar (P<0.001) with the extent of deviation depending on the specific trait and on the breeding group. The deviation in BMC was greater than the deviation in BMD, suggesting different bone detecting algorithms. Both systems revealed similar differences among the breeding groups, and ranked them in the same order based on numerical values. Differences in calibration, bone detection, and software algorithms, however, require a prior crosscalibration to make the body composition data from both systems directly comparable. Finally, they can be used across research centres for the determination of relative and absolute body composition differences among animal groups and individuals.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Design of Non-Biofouling Coatings for Nanoparticles and Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sanchez-Cano ◽  
Mónica Carril
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protein Adhesion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Biological Context

Biofouling is a major issue in the field of nanomedicine and consists of the spontaneous and unwanted adsorption of biomolecules on engineered surfaces. In a biological context and referring to nanoparticles (NPs) acting as nanomedicines, the adsorption of biomolecules found in blood (mostly proteins) is known as protein corona. On the one hand, the protein corona, as it covers the NPs’ surface, can be considered the biological identity of engineered NPs, because the corona is what cells will “see” instead of the underlying NPs. As such, the protein corona will influence the fate, integrity, and performance of NPs in vivo. On the other hand, the physicochemical properties of the engineered NPs, such as their size, shape, charge, or hydrophobicity, will influence the identity of the proteins attracted to their surface. In this context, the design of coatings for NPs and surfaces that avoid biofouling is an active field of research. The gold standard in the field is the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, although zwitterions have also proved to be efficient in preventing protein adhesion and fluorinated molecules are emerging as coatings with interesting properties. Hence, in this review, we will focus on recent examples of anti-biofouling coatings in three main areas, that is, PEGylated, zwitterionic, and fluorinated coatings.

In Vivo Performance Testing of the Novel Medspray® Wet Aerosol Inhaler

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Munnik ◽  
Anne H. de Boer ◽  
Jeroen Wissink ◽  
Paul Hagedoorn ◽  
Iwan Heskamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aerosol Inhaler

scholarly journals Bioactivity of vitamin E

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Brigelius-Flohé
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

More than 80 years after the discovery of the essentiality of vitamin E for mammals, the molecular basis of its action is still an enigma. From the eight different forms of vitamin E, only α-tocopherol is retained in the body. This is in part due to the specific selection of RRR-α-tocopherol by the α-tocopherol transfer protein and in part by its low rate of degradation and elimination compared with the other vitamers. Since the tocopherols have comparable antioxidant properties and some tocotrienols are even more effective in scavenging radicals, the antioxidant capacity cannot be the explanation for its essentiality, at least not the only one. In the last decade, a high number of so-called novel functions of almost all forms of vitamin E have been described, including regulation of cellular signalling and gene expression. α-Tocopherol appears to be most involved in gene regulation, whereas γ-tocopherol appears to be highly effective in preventing cancer-related processes. Tocotrienols appear to be effective in amelioration of neurodegeneration. Most of the novel functions of individual forms of vitamin E have been demonstrated in vitro only and require in vivo confirmation. The distinct bioactivities of the various vitamers are discussed, considering their metabolism and the potential functions of metabolites.

scholarly journals An Isomorphic Interactive Device for the Interventional Surgical Robot after In Vivo Study

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Shuxiang Guo ◽  
Xianqiang Bao
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Surgical Robot ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Interventional surgical robots are widely used in neurosurgery to improve surgeons’ working environment and surgical safety. Based on the actual operational needs of surgeons’ feedback during preliminary in vivo experiments, this paper proposed an isomorphic interactive master controller for the master–slave interventional surgical robot. The isomorphic design of the controller allows surgeons to utilize their surgical skills during remote interventional surgeries. The controller uses the catheter and guidewire as the operating handle, the same as during actual surgeries. The collaborative operational structure design and the working methods followed the clinical operational skills. The linear force feedback and torque feedback devices were designed to improve the safety of surgeries under remote operating conditions. An eccentric force compensation was conducted to achieve accurate force feedback. Several experiments were carried out, such as calibration experiments, master–slave control performance evaluation experiments, and operation comparison experiments on the novel and previously used controllers. The experimental results show that the proposed controller can perform complex operations in remote surgery applications and has the potential for further animal experiment evaluations.

Comparison of a histology based multi layer artery model to its simplified axisymmetric model.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 590-593
Author(s):  
Ashish Bhave ◽  
Knut Möller
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Axisymmetric Model ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Arteries are vessel structures that serve vital function of transportation of blood to different parts of the body. Researchers have experimented with some approaches to model the arterial behaviour and to analyse its biomechanical properties. To analyse the in-vivo arterial properties, at Furtwangen University an inflatable sensoractuator system is being developed, which provides the basis for a decision support system for vascular surgeons. The capabilities of this sensor shall be evaluated in simulations which requires appropriate modelling of the arteries. The inverse problem, i.e. how to efficiently identify arterial wall properties from sensor readings is targeted. A histology motivated 3D artery model was implemented in FEM using COMSOL (v5.5). The geometry of one model was based on a cross section of a real artery. The second model was axisymmetric and of equal dimensions with respect to volume, layer thickness etc. A biomechanical pressure-stretch analysis was performed applying an inflating pressure inside the walls of the vessels. Stretch in different areas of the first model was evaluated and the circumferential strain was compared to the axisymmetric model. The results show variation of strains within the segments of the first model of upto 10 percent. In addition, its outer wall circumferential stretch was found to be 10 percent lower compared to the axisymmetric setup. This comparison sheds light upon whether a simplification of arterial models is possible, without loss of accuracy in the context of the novel sensor evaluation. It provides useful information whether e.g. standardizing vessel structures to axisymmetric models will still provide results within allowable tolerance limits. Simulations proved useful to evaluate different vessel model formulations in the context of arterial diagnostics.

scholarly journals HighIn VitroActivity of the Novel Spiropyrimidinetrione AZD0914, a DNA Gyrase Inhibitor, against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates Suggests a New Effective Option for Oral Treatment of Gonorrhea

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5585-5588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Jacobsson ◽  
Daniel Golparian ◽  
Richard A. Alm ◽  
Michael Huband ◽  
John Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the activity of the novel spiropyrimidinetrione AZD0914 (DNA gyrase inhibitor) against clinical gonococcal isolates and international reference strains (n= 250), including strains with diverse multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance. The AZD0914 MICs were substantially lower than those of most other currently or previously recommended antimicrobials. AZD0914 should be further evaluated, includingin vitroselection,in vivoemergence and mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in humans, optimal dosing, and performance, in appropriate randomized and controlled clinical trials.

scholarly journals Review of the local tissue reaction to metallic spinal implant debris: Ions and nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Magdalena Richter ◽  
Henryk Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trace Metal Ions ◽  
Local Tissue ◽  
Local Tissue Reaction ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Wear Products

Biologic reactivity to implant debris is the primary determinant of long-term clinical performance. The metallic implants placed in human bodies can exhibit electrochemical or mechanical corrosion that yields in the liberation of metallic products. Such implants-derived metal wear products can be present in the form of metal ions and particulate metal debris with still unknown effects on human health. In situ generation of metallic wear particles, corrosion products and in vivo trace metal ions release from metal and metallic alloys implanted into the body in spine surgery is becoming a major cause for concern regarding the health and safety of patients. In vivo clinical studies addressing the adverse local tissue reaction effects of metallic wear products on surrounding soft tissues and bodily fluids are less numerous. Although numerous studies have focused on the clinical significance of corrosion and wear of hip and knee replacements, research involving spine instrumentation is not well documented. This review explores how migration of metallic wear nanoparticles and trace metal ions in the area of metallic spinal implants influences the surrounding tissues and bodily fluids, and what the clinical consequences of this process may be.

Effects of Major Design and Operating Parameters on Achieving Low Emissions From Gas Turbine Combustors

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Demetri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
And Performance

The results of a research program involving the design and performance testing of two low-emission combustors for vehicular gas turbine applications are described. The novel features of the combustor designs tested include the use of airblast fuel nozzles, a relatively high value of pressure-loss factor to promote vigorous mixing, and variable geometry to control the liner air flow distributions. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the relative effects of primary-zone equivalence ratio, combustor inlet temperature and pressure, residence time, and the uniformity of the fuel/air distribution in the primary zone. Guidelines for the future design of low-emission combustors based on the observed effects are also presented. The major conclusion reached is that essentially conventional combustor configurations have the capability of achieving the specified emission goals.

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