Microstructure of In738Lc Fabricated Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nandana Menon ◽  
Tanjheel Hasan Mahdi ◽  
Amrita Basak
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloys ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Nickel-base superalloys are extensively used in the production of gas turbine hot-section components as they offer exceptional creep strength and superior fatigue resistance at high temperatures. Such improved properties are due to the presence of precipitate-strengthening phases such as Ni3Ti or Ni3Al (gγ phases) in the normally face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the solidified nickel. Although this second phase is the main reason for the improvements in properties, the presence of such phases also results in increased processing difficulties as these alloys are prone to crack formation. In this work, specimens of IN738LC are fabricated on a Coherent Creator laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) equipment. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) are carried out to characterize the deposit region. Metallurgical continuity is achieved in the entire deposit region and the specimens do not show any warpage. However, the specimens show voids (e.g., pores and cracks) in the deposit region. The results show that the percentage void area decreases along the build height direction. The deposited IN738LC shows polycrystalline grains in the entire deposit region as confirmed by XRD and EBSD. The grain size also shows variations along the build direction. In summary, the results open opportunities for academic researchers and small scale businesses in fabricating high-gγ nickel-base superalloys on a desktop laser powder bed fusion AM equipment

Microstructure of IN738LC Fabricated Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandana Menon ◽  
Tanjheel Hassan Mahdi ◽  
Amrita Basak
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloys ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Nickel-base superalloys are extensively used in the production of gas turbine hot-section components as they offer exceptional creep strength and superior fatigue resistance at high temperatures. Such improved properties are due to the presence of precipitate-strengthening phases such as Ni3Ti or Ni3Al (γ′ phases) in the normally face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the solidified nickel. Although this second phase is the main reason for the improvements in properties, the presence of such phases also results in increased processing difficulties as these alloys are prone to crack formation. In this work, specimens of IN738LC are fabricated on a Coherent Creator laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) equipment. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) are carried out to characterize the deposit region. Metallurgical continuity is achieved in the entire deposit region and the specimens do not show any warpage. However, the specimens show voids (e.g., pores and cracks) in the deposit region. The results show that the percentage void area decreases along the build height direction. The deposited IN738LC shows polycrystalline grains in the entire deposit region as confirmed by XRD and EBSD. The grain size also shows variations along the build direction. In summary, the results open opportunities for academic researchers and small-scale businesses in fabricating high-γ′ nickel-base superalloys on a desktop laser powder bed fusion AM equipment.

scholarly journals On the variety and formation sequence of second-phase particles in nickel-based superalloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

Materialia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 101037
Author(s):  
A. Després ◽  
C. Mayer ◽  
M. Veron ◽  
E.F. Rauch ◽  
M. Bugnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Second Phase Particles

scholarly journals GEOMETRICAL BENCHMARKING OF LASER POWDER BED FUSION SYSTEMS BASED ON DESIGNER NEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1657-1666
Author(s):  
Joaquin Montero ◽  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Christoph Petroll ◽  
Stefan Brenner ◽  
Matthias Bleckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing ◽  
Uncertainty Map ◽  
New System

AbstractCommercially available metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) systems are steadily evolving. Thus, design limitations narrow and the diversity of achievable geometries widens. This progress leads researchers to create innovative benchmarks to understand the new system capabilities. Thereby, designers can update their knowledge base in design for additive manufacturing (DfAM). To date, there are plenty of geometrical benchmarks that seek to develop generic test artefacts. Still, they are often complex to measure, and the information they deliver may not be relevant to some designers. This article proposes a geometrical benchmarking approach for metal L-PBF systems based on the designer needs. Furthermore, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) characteristics enhance the approach. A practical use-case is presented, consisting of developing, manufacturing, and measuring a meaningful and straightforward geometric test artefact. Moreover, optical measuring systems are used to create a tailored uncertainty map for benchmarking two different L-PBF systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Build Orientation on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of a Biodegradable High Manganese Steel Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Martin Otto ◽  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
Annett Gebert ◽  
Uta Kühn ◽  
Julia Hufenbach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In the last decade, additive manufacturing technologies like laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) have emerged strongly. However, the process characteristics involving layer-wise build-up of the part and the occurring high, directional thermal gradient result in significant changes of the microstructure and the related properties compared to traditionally fabricated materials. This study presents the influence of the build direction (BD) on the microstructure and resulting properties of a novel austenitic Fe‑30Mn‑1C‑0.02S alloy processed via LPBF. The fabricated samples display a {011} texture in BD which was detected by electron backscatter diffraction. Furthermore, isolated binding defects could be observed between the layers. Quasi-static tensile and compression tests displayed that the yield, ultimate tensile as well as the compressive yield strength are significantly higher for samples which were built with their longitudinal axis perpendicular to BD compared to their parallel counterparts. This was predominantly ascribed to the less severe effects of the sharp-edged binding defects loaded perpendicular to BD. Additionally, a change of the Young’s modulus in dependence of BD could be demonstrated, which is explained by the respective texture. Potentiodynamic polarization tests conducted in a simulated body fluid revealed only slight differences of the corrosion properties in dependence of the build design.

scholarly journals Gold, Silver, and Electrum Electroless Plating on Additively Manufactured Laser Powder-Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Parts: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Dana Ashkenazi ◽  
Alexandra Inberg ◽  
Yosi Shacham-Diamand ◽  
Adin Stern
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing (AM) revolutionary technologies open new opportunities and challenges. They allow low-cost manufacturing of parts with complex geometries and short time-to-market of products that can be exclusively customized. Additive manufactured parts often need post-printing surface modification. This study aims to review novel environmental-friendly surface finishing process of 3D-printed AlSi10Mg parts by electroless deposition of gold, silver, and gold–silver alloy (e.g., electrum) and to propose a full process methodology suitable for effective metallization. This deposition technique is simple and low cost method, allowing the metallization of both conductive and insulating materials. The AlSi10Mg parts were produced by the additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (AM-LPBF) process. Gold, silver, and their alloys were chosen as coatings due to their esthetic appearance, good corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The metals were deposited on 3D-printed disk-shaped specimens at 80 and 90 °C using a dedicated surface activation method where special functionalization of the printed AlSi10Mg was performed to assure a uniform catalytic surface yielding a good adhesion of the deposited metal to the substrate. Various methods were used to examine the coating quality, including light microscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, X-ray fluorescence, SEM–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM, and XPS analyses. The results indicate that the developed coatings yield satisfactory quality, and the suggested surface finishing process can be used for many AM products and applications.

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