Application of Design Axioms to Marine Design Problems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Yang ◽  
B. S. Jang ◽  
Y. S. Song ◽  
Y. S. Yeon ◽  
S. H. Do
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
The Given

Abstract The Design Axioms proposed by N. P. Suh consist of Independence Axiom and Information Axiom. The Independence Axiom assists a designer in generating good design alternatives by considering the relations between the functions and the physical product using a hierarchical mapping procedure. The Information Axiom, which is related to the probability of achieving the given functional requirements, can be used as a criterion for the selection of the best solution among the proposed alternatives in the conceptual or preliminary design stage. In the early stages of marine design, especially ship design, there exists a lot of uncertainty because of the size and complexity of a marine vehicle. The uncertainty often leads to a probabilistic approach rather than a deterministic approach. The ship designs are mostly routine design to change an existing design case a little. In this paper, the availability of the Design Axioms in this marine design field will be investigated through three examples. In the conceptual design of a thruster, the Independence Axiom will be proven to be useful in examining the independence of functional requirements at each level of the decomposition process. In main engine selection example, the Information Axiom will be used for selecting the best solution among the given alternatives by estimating their respective information contents under the uncertain and ambiguous condition. In the structural design, some difficulties arise in maintaining the independence of functional requirements in general because the number of design parameters is greater than that of functional requirements. Therefore, there is much trouble in generalizing the application of the Design Axioms for the structural design, especially for the preliminary design where the principal design parameters of a design object have to be determined after its shape fixed. This paper will try a generalized approach to the similarity-based design where it is important to select which parameters should be changed and in what order they should be changed. How to make use of the Design Axioms will be showed in a barge design example. However, a lot of research is needed for the generalized application of the Design Axioms for the structural design.

scholarly journals Introducing Value Axiom for New Design Creations

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakao ◽  
Kenji Iino
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Perfect Set ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Japanese Yen

This paper proposes “Value Axiom” that states “The larger the sum of Customer Attribute values, the better the design.” A customer evaluates a design with the sum of the value produced by each Customer Attribute, expressing it with a monetary value such as Japanese yen. A designer can hardly estimate and express a perfect set of Customer Attributes at the early stage of a design. The designer writes down the design equation to visualize the entire design, and improves the sets of Design Parameters and Functional Requirements using the Independence Axiom and Information Axiom, and at the same time, it is also important to review the values of Customer Attributes using the Value Axiom.

scholarly journals Formulation of an Agile Office Product: An Application of Axiomatic Design in Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 00008
Author(s):  
Christopher Spalding ◽  
ZiXiao Wei ◽  
Anthony Yarkov
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Physical Form

Axiomatic Design was applied in an undergraduate student-led project which culminated in the creation of an agile ergonomic monitor stand, a solution designed to optimise the productivity and working conditions of the office environment. The customer domain was determined using a Mendelow’s Stakeholder Analysis followed by contextual inquiries and lead user interviews. These customer needs were organised into different levels via Maslow’s Hierarchy and redefined in terms of functional requirements. The functional requirements were decomposed and classified using the Kano Customer Satisfaction and Long Tail Models, and ultimately organised into a functional requirement tree. Design constraints were considered and listed, and the customer and functional domains were compared using a House of Quality. This allowed potential design paths to be devised with respect to the chosen functional requirements. The path involving the smart ergonomic stand was chosen from a number of potential products assessed against the functional requirements by listing the potential design parameters in a morphologicalmatrix. Concepts were designed by creating combinations of these design parameters, with their suitability being judged using the Independence Axiom. The physical form of the solution was inspired using biological sources. The final details of the design were chosen using the Information Axiom to determine their suitability in practical implementation allowing the final concept to be produced in a 3D CAD model.

An Approximate Method for Intact Stability of Fishing Vessels

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Yilmaz ◽  
Abdi Kükner
Keyword(s):  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Ship Stability ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Initial Stability ◽  
Intact Stability ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Vessel Stability

It is well known that stability is the most important safety requirement for ships. One should have some information on ship stability at the preliminary design stage in order to reduce risk. Initial stability of ships is an important criterion and can be closely evaluated in terms of form parameters and vertical center of gravity. In this study, using some sample ship data, approximate formulations are derived by means of regression analysis for the calculations expressed in terms of ship preliminary design parameters that can easily provide approximate GM calculations. Thus designers can be provided with ship stability at the preliminary design stage, and also a set of appropriate design parameters for improving vessel stability can easily be determined.

scholarly journals An Approximate Method for Calculation of Mean Statistical Value of Ship Service Speed on a Given Shipping Line , Useful in Preliminary Design Stage

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żelazny
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage

Abstract During ship design, its service speed is one of the crucial parameters which decide on future economic effects. As sufficiently exact calculation methods applicable to preliminary design stage are lacking the so called contract speed which a ship reaches in calm water is usually applied. In the paper [11] a parametric method for calculation of total ship resistance in actual weather conditions (wind, waves, sea current), was presented. This paper presents a parametric model of ship propulsion system (screw propeller - propulsion engine) as well as a calculation method, based on both models, of mean statistical value of ship service speed in seasonal weather conditions occurring on shipping lines. The method makes use of only basic design parameters and may be applied in preliminary design stage.

An Approximate Method for Cross Curves of Cargo Vessels

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Huseyin Yilmaz ◽  
Mesut Giiner
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Beam Depth ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Load Conditions

In this study, a formula is presented to estimate cross curves of cargo vessels and to predict statical stability at the preliminary design stage of the vessel. The predictive technique is obtained by regression analysis of systematically varied cargo vessel series data. In order to achieve this procedure, some cargo vessel forms are generated using Series-60. The mathematical model in this predictive technique is constructed as a function of design parameters such as length, beam, depth, draft, and block coefficient. The prediction method developed in this work can also be used to determine the effect of specific hull form parameters and the load conditions on stability of cargo vessels. The present method is applied to a cargo vessel and then the results of the actual ship are compared with those of regression values.

Design of a Spacer Grid Using Axiomatic Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Song ◽  
B. S. Kang ◽  
K. H. Yoon ◽  
S. K. Choi ◽  
G. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Spacer Grid ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Analysis And Design

Recently, much attention has been focused on the design of the fuel assemblies in the Pressurized Light Water Reactor (PLWR). The spacer grid is one of the main structural components in a fuel assembly. It supports fuel rods, guides cooling water, and maintains geometry from the external impact loads. In this research, a new shape of the spacer grid is designed by the axiomatic approach. The Independence Axiom is utilized for the design. For the conceptual design, functional requirements (FRs) are defined and corresponding design parameters (DPs) are found to satisfy FRs in sequence. Overall configuration and shapes are determined in this process. Detailed design is carried out based on the result of the axiomatic design. For the detailed design, the system performances are evaluated by using linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The dimensions are determined by optimization. Some commercial codes are utilized for the analysis and design.

Simulation of CO Emission in Primary and Secondary Zone of a Small Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Using CFD and Reactors Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Zubrilin ◽  
Nikita I. Gurakov ◽  
Alexander S. Semenikhin ◽  
Oleg V. Kolomzarov ◽  
Sergey G. Matveev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Secondary Zone

Abstract In this paper the influence of various parameters of the primary and secondary zones of a small-sized combustion chamber on its environmental characteristics was studied. The study of the environmental characteristics of the combustion chamber was carried out in two ways. The first method consisted of two steps. The first step was a 3D simulation of combustion processes using FGM combustion model. The second step was based on results of the first step using reactors network implemented in the ANSYS Fluent 18.2 software. The construction of the reactors network in this approach occurred automatically according to a temperature and mixture fraction. The number of reactors in the result was about 500. The second method was a simple model of a reactors network in which the primary zone was simulated by a perfectly stirred reactor, and the secondary zone was a plug flow reactor. Methane was used as a fuel. The influence of the residence time of the mixture and fuel-air equivalence ratio in each zone on the emission of CO and NOx at the combustion chamber exit was studied. The residence time and fuel-air equivalence ratio for the first method were changed using the design parameters of the combustion chamber. For a simple reactors network, these parameters are set as input data, so this method can be used at the preliminary design stage. As a result of the work, a method was obtained that allows to find the parameters of the primary and secondary zones of the combustion chamber in order to minimize pollutant emissions at the preliminary design stage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Human Ear Anatomy and Functionality by Axiomatic Design

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Pratap Sriram Sundar ◽  
Chandan Chowdhury ◽  
Sagar Kamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Human Ear

The design of the human ear is one of nature’s engineering marvels. This paper examines the merit of ear design using axiomatic design principles. The ear is the organ of both hearing and balance. A sensitive ear can hear frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The vestibular apparatus of the inner ear is responsible for the static and dynamic equilibrium of the human body. The ear is divided into the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear, which play their respective functional roles in transforming sound energy into nerve impulses interpreted in the brain. The human ear has many modules, such as the pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, ossicles, eustachian tube, cochlea, semicircular canals, cochlear nerve, and vestibular nerve. Each of these modules has several subparts. This paper tabulates and maps the functional requirements (FRs) of these modules onto design parameters (DPs) that nature has already chosen. The “independence axiom” of the axiomatic design methodology is applied to analyze couplings and to evaluate if human ear design is a good design (i.e., uncoupled design) or a bad design (i.e., coupled design). The analysis revealed that the human ear is a perfect design because it is an uncoupled structure. It is not only a perfect design but also a low-cost design. The materials that are used to build the ear atom-by-atom are chiefly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen. The material cost is very negligible, which amounts to only a few of dollars. After a person has deceased, materials in the human system are upcycled by nature. We consider space requirements, materials cost, and upcyclability as “constraints” in the axiomatic design. In terms of performance, the human ear design is very impressive and serves as an inspiration for designing products in industrial environments.

Ramification Study on IACS Harmonized Common Structural Rules: Impact on Structural Design and Scantlings

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Jiameng ◽  
Wang Gang ◽  
Cai Shijian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Classification Rule ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Common Structural Rules ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
New Criteria

The Harmonized Common Structural Rules (CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been issued on 1st Jan 2014, and will enter into force on 1st July 2015 to supersede the current two separate CSR versions, namely CSR-OT for Oil tankers and CSR-BC for bulk carriers. CSR-H aims at a consistent methodology harmonizing CSR-OT and CSR-BC, and establishes new criteria and requirements with the further aim of compliance with the IMO Goal Based Standard (GBS) where GBS functional requirements fall within Classification Rule scope. To maintain equivalent or higher safety level than current CSR, the rule developments within CSR-H are as a guideline aimed at scantling requirements that will be the same or higher for a given CSR vessel given the same ship design parameters and structural arrangement both globally and locally. The purpose of this study is to introduce the main changes from CSR to CSR-H, the new criteria set up for GBS compliance, and evaluate their impact on the structural design, especially on the scantlings. A carefully selected set of ten bulk carriers and eight oil tankers are investigated with the focus not only on the midship area but also on the foremost and aftmost cargo block areas as well. The typical critical areas affected by CSR-H due to fatigue or buckling criteria are identified, discussed and analyzed in detail. The impacts on scantlings and improvement suggestions for structural design based on CSR-H are further summarized and conclusions made.

Tolerance specification of the plane feature based on the axiomatic design

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijian Zhao ◽  
Yanlong Cao ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Lifei Ren ◽  
Jiangxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Mapping Rules ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Information Axiom ◽  
Tolerance Specification ◽  
Assembly Features ◽  
Point Line

Tolerance specification involves selecting tolerance types for functional or assembly features to control the variation of features. General methods tend to formulate a frame to specify all the features of part, while the specification methods or reasoning rules for specific feature (point, line, plane, cylinder, etc.) are less studied. This paper focuses on the tolerance-type selection of the plane feature. The theory of axiomatic design is introduced to select the tolerance type for the plane feature, and the problem is interpreted as a redundant decoupled design. To achieve the functional requirements, design parameters and constraints of physics domain are determined. The mapping rules, which are between design parameters and functional requirements, are generated based on the independent axiom. Considering the large number of solutions of the design, the constraints such as cost and inspection methods are introduced to reduce the number of solutions. The minimum information axiom is introduced for the optimum mapping rules and the tolerance types are selected by the optimum mapping rules for the plane feature. Finally, the specification process is concluded and demonstrated by means of an example.

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