A Normative DFM Framework Based on Benefit-Cost Analysis

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuozhi Zhao ◽  
Jami Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Domain Independent

Design for Manufacturing (DfM) involves trade-offs between design objectives and manufacturing cost/efficiency. However, contemporary software packages consider DfM in a unilateral (manufacturing centric) way. Ad-hoc rating systems used in these packages can lead to bad decisions. Also, uncertainty in estimating design attributes and manufacturing costs must be accounted for. This paper presents a theoretical framework for DfM that incorporates the above factors. The applicability and rationality of Benefit-Cost analysis to DfM is demonstrated. Present value of net benefit is proposed as the only rational measure of DfM. A domain independent shell for DfM analysis is developed. The shell can be customized for evaluating both technical feasibility and economics of manufacturing.

A Hybrid Approach Based on the Fuzzy AHP and Benefit Cost Analysis to Evaluating Cutting Blade Alternatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wei Xu ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The cutting blade selection has been important issue for manufacturing systems due to the fact that it might affect productivity, precision and manufacturing cost. It is a multiple-criteria decision making problem for evaluating blade alternatives. In this paper, the hybrid approach is discussed,which combined the fuzzy AHP and benefit cost analysis. An improved AHP method based on triangular fuzzy number is used to analyze the cutting performance of blade alternatives. It can make up for the deficiency in the conventional AHP. Furthermore, the benefit cost analysis is carried out to evaluate the economic performance of alternatives. The benefit cost ratio is calculated by using the fuzzy AHP score and tool consumption cost. Tool consumption cost is obtained in consideration of tool service life and procurement cost. The optimal blade alternative with highest benefit/cost ratio can be found out. In addition, the proposed approach is also illustrated on a sample case study.

Benefit-cost analysis, environment, and health in the developed and developing world

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. PEARCE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Benefit Cost

Arrow et al. revisit the case for using benefit-cost analysis in a developed country, the USA, where markets work reasonably efficiently and where the capacity to implement such studies is undoubted. Their recommendations deserve wholehearted support in that context, particularly their recommendation 1 calling for a comparison of gains and losses from regulatory actions. Those who have not worked in government will recognise that most decisions are not in fact made with any form of calculus that we might describe as 'cost benefit thinking'. Indeed, the whole process of policy priority setting is all too often ad hoc, reactive, crisis-based and over-responsive to often ill-informed pressure groups (of all kinds).

Developing Theoretical Foundations of DfM

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami J. Shah ◽  
Paul K. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Function Domain ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract This work is motivated by a desire to put DfM on solid theoretical foundations. The paper evaluates measures of manufacturability and classes of DfM methods and frameworks independent of the specific manufacturing processes. Criteria used in evaluation include theoretical foundation, accuracy, flexibility in choosing utility/objective function, domain independence, ease of use, level and extent of information required, computational cost, ability to incorporate uncertainty and market factors. We introduce a DfM approach based on Benefit/Cost analysis. All design utilities are lumped into a single “Design Benefit (RD)”, all manufacturability factors into another parameter “Manufacturing Rating (RM)”, and then techniques of benefit-cost analysis and value engineering are used to make decisions about design improvements. Use of overall and marginal DfM ratings allows trade-offs to be made. Any set of desired objectives can be used for computing the ratings. It is also possible to incorporate design or manufacturing constraints.

scholarly journals Dynamic Benefit-Cost Analysis for Uncertain Futures

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Dudley ◽  
Daniel R. Pérez ◽  
Brian F. Mannix ◽  
Christopher Carrigan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Market Solutions ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Policy Problems

Abstract“Uncertain futures” refers to a set of policy problems that possess some combination of the following characteristics: (i) they potentially cause irreversible changes; (ii) they are widespread, so that policy responses may make sense only on a global scale; (iii) network effects are difficult to understand and may amplify (or moderate) consequences; (iv) time horizons are long; and (v) the likelihood of catastrophic outcomes is unknown or even unknowable. These characteristics tend to make uncertain futures intractable to market solutions because property rights are not clearly defined and essential information is unavailable. These same factors also pose challenges for benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and other traditional decision analysis tools. The diverse policy decisions confronting decision-makers today demand “dynamic BCA,” analytic frameworks that incorporate uncertainties and trade-offs across policy areas, recognizing that: perceptions of risks can be uninformed, misinformed, or inaccurate; risk characterization can suffer from ambiguity; and experts’ tendency to focus on one risk at a time may blind policymakers to important trade-offs. Dynamic BCA – which recognizes trade-offs, anticipates the need to learn from experience, and encourages learning – is essential for lowering the likelihoods and mitigating the consequences of uncertain futures while encouraging economic growth, reducing fragility, and increasing resilience.

Introduction: benefit-cost analysis and the environment in developing countries

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-221
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Benefit Cost

In one sense, everyone making a decision of any consequence uses something very like benefit-cost analysis. That is, they weigh up the pros and cons of the options confronting them and decide between them accordingly. Benefit-cost analysis is merely one systematic way of evaluating the economically relevant pros and cons of various options. The authors of the project appraisal manuals of the early 1970s (Mishan, 1971; Dasgupta et al., 1972; Pearce, 1972; Little and Mirrlees, 1974) were interested in establishing a set of rules that might ensure that the results of distinct social investment decisions would be efficient (or at least consistent). On the surface, the paper by Arrow et al. (1996) that is the focus of this forum merely argues for an extension of benefit-cost rules to an area where, as David Pearce points out in his commentary, policy-making tends to be dominated by hasty, ill-conceived, ad hoc responses to the pressures of the moment. The paper argues that environmental, health and safety regulations in the US could and should be informed by an analysis of their economically relevant costs and benefits.

scholarly journals ANALISIS INVESTASI USAHATANI KEDELAI VARIETAS TANGGAMUS DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zulkifli Mantau
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The increase of soybeans  world price was causing of a domino effect for the Indonesian’s soybeans. Meanwhile, soybean productivity at the farm level is still low ( 1.3 t / ha ) with a range from 0.6 to 2.0 t / ha. In additional, the production technology can able to result of 1.7 to 3.2 t / ha . To solve these problems, It needs to planted the soybean that have a high productivity and efficient technically and economically.  The aims of this research are to find the investement feasibility of soybean farming (Tanggamus var.) at Puncak Village, Gorontalo District with benefit cost analysis approach (3 years projection). This research conducted at Puncak Village, Pulubala sub district, Gorontalo District. The datas was a primary observation data in the field, especially the data of soybeans farming activities for 2 seasons (1 year).  Analysis method use a benefit cost analysis. The analysis use a financial price (actual price) in the cost factors. The result showed that Net Present Value (NPV) (12%) Rp 10 269 643, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 97.21%, Net Benefit Cost ratio (Net B/C) 2.64 and Payback periodh (PBP) 9 months or 0.7 year or 2 planted seasons.

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