A Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for a Series Hybrid Powertrain Featuring Two Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mohon ◽  
Satadru Dey ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Pierluigi Pisu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Equivalence Factor ◽  
And Performance

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platforms enable rapid evaluation of different system configurations and energy management strategies for electrified/hybrid powertrains without building full vehicle prototypes. This paper outlines a HIL platform for a series hybrid powertrain and discusses particular control strategies. The main hardware components of the platform are a gasoline generator, a lead acid battery pack, a bi-directional dc/dc converter, a programmable dc load, strain gauges, and a rotary encoder. Along with these hardware components, a real-time control prototyping system is used to implement energy management strategies and monitor several signals form the HIL platform. The effectiveness and performance of this platform is demonstrated by implementing two versions of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). The first version uses a constant equivalence factor for weighting the cost of electrical energy storage, while the second version uses an adaptive equivalence factor based on the deviation of battery state of charge (SOC) from a reference SOC.

scholarly journals Enery management in Mobile Hydraulics

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (06) ◽  
pp. S4-S6
Author(s):  
Andrew Alleyne ◽  
Timothy Deppen ◽  
Jonathan Meyer ◽  
Kim Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Wide Range

This paper explores research into hydraulic hybrids that span a wide range of applications from heavy-duty vehicles, such as city buses, to small passenger vehicles. This case study also highlights the importance of having a well-designed energy management strategy if one is to maximize benefit of the hybrid powertrain. There is potential for hydraulic hybrid vehicles to offer a cost-effective solution to the need for increased efficiency in transportation systems. The high-power density of fluid power makes it a natural choice for energy storage in urban driving environments where there are frequent starts/stops and large acceleration/braking power demands. Because the opportunities and challenges of fluid power are different than those of electrical power, unique control strategies are needed and a summary of common energy management strategies (EMS) design methods for hydraulic hybrids has been presented.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

scholarly journals Development of a Multi-Architecture and Multi-Application Hybrid Vehicle Design and Management Tool

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Gan ◽  
Daniela Chrenko ◽  
Alan Kéromnès ◽  
Luis Le Moyne
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Hybrid Architectures ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Solutions

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are very promising sustainable mobility solutions. Series, parallel and series-parallel (SP) seem to be three most promising architectures among the multitude of hybrid architectures, and it is possible to find them in a multi-applications such as the motorcycles, family-cars, hybrid city busses and sport cars. It is import to have a well configured model in order to develop the different control strategies (CsTs) for each application. Therefore, a multi-architecture/multi-application (MAMA) approach capable of identifying the most energy efficient hybrid architecture considering both the dimensions of key components: electric motor (EM), battery, internal combustion engine (ICE) and the optimal control is presented. Basis of the model is the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), which has been combined with object oriented programming (OOP) in order to enhance its modularity and reuse capabilities. The obtained results show, that different hybrid architectures are most adapted for different applications. Moreover, the robustness of the results using real time control algorithms are studied, showing that CsT matters. The obtained results contribute to simplify and harmonize the design of hybrid solutions for multiple applications.

Dynamic modeling, system identification and comparative study of various control strategies for a spatial parallel manipulator

2021 ◽  
pp. 095965182110320
Author(s):  
Mervin Joe Thomas ◽  
Shoby George ◽  
Deepak Sreedharan ◽  
ML Joy ◽  
AP Sudheer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Parallel Manipulator ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Predictive Controller

The significant challenges seen with the mathematical modeling and control of spatial parallel manipulators are its difficulty in the kinematic formulation and the inability to real-time control. The analytical approaches for the determination of the kinematic solutions are computationally expensive. This is due to the passive joints, solvability issues with non-linear equations, and inherent kinematic constraints within the manipulator architecture. Therefore, this article concentrates on an artificial neural network–based system identification approach to resolve the complexities of mathematical formulations. Moreover, the low computation time with neural networks adds up to its advantage of real-time control. Besides, this article compares the performance of a constant gain proportional–integral–derivative (PID), variable gain proportional–integral–derivative, model predictive controller, and a cascade controller with combined variable proportional–integral–derivative and model predictive controller for real-time tracking of the end-effector. The control strategies are simulated on the Simulink model of a 6-degree-of-freedom 3-PPSS (P—prismatic; S—spherical) parallel manipulator. The simulation and real-time experiments performed on the fabricated manipulator prototype indicate that the proposed cascade controller with position and velocity compensation is an appropriate method for accurate tracking along the desired path. Also, training the network using the experimentally generated data set incorporates the mechanical joint approximations and link deformities present in the fabricated model into the predicted results. In addition, this article showcases the application of Euler–Lagrangian formalism on the 3-PPSS parallel manipulator for its dynamic model incorporating the system constraints. The Lagrangian multipliers include the influence of the constraint forces acting on the manipulator platform. For completeness, the analytical model results have been verified using ADAMS for a pre-defined end-effector trajectory.

System Characterization and Plasma-Particle Distribution Analysis for Development of a Closed Loop Control for Plasma Spray

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gevelber ◽  
D. Wroblewski ◽  
J. Fincke ◽  
W. D. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
System Characterization ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
And Performance

Abstract This paper investigates the need to develop an advanced control system for plasma spray deposition. The limitations and performance capability of both feed forward and real-time control are evaluated. Critical system characteristics for developing such controllers are experimentally identified including dominant nonlinearalities; dynamics, cross-coupling, distributions, and sensor issues.

Demand-Side Response Smart Grid Technique for Optimized Energy Use

2011 ◽  
pp. 137-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Kamel ◽  
Marwan Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Time Price

The chapter describes a dynamic smart grid concept that enables electricity end-users to be acting on controlling, shifting, or curtailing own demand to avoid peak-demand conditions according to information received about electricity market conditions over the Internet. Computer-controlled switches are used to give users the ability to control and curtail demand on a user’s premises as necessary, following a preset user’s preferences. The computerized switching provides the ability to accommodate local renewable energy sources as available. The concept offers further the ability to integrate charging electrical vehicles during off-peak periods, helping thus substantially improving the utilization of the whole electricity system. The approach is pursuing improved use of electrical energy associated with improved energy management, reduced electricity prices and reduced pollution caused by excessive use of combustion engine in transport. The technique is inherently restricted to take effect in frame of energy tariff regimes based on real-time price made to encourage and reward conscious users being proactively participating in holistic energy management strategies.

Intelligent Aquaculture Monitoring System Based on Fieldbus

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 646-651
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Ying Xing
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Database Server ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Practical Measure

This paper analyses the status of aquiculture in China and gives out some of its potential problems. In order to over these problems, Industrial fieldbus and Intranet technology are used in this paper to achieve the hardware and software design, as well as control strategies for factory aquaculture. It applies WEB server, database server and browser to establish the management platform for environment control and production process. The whole system was successfully verified at Zhenjiang production base. Through a real-time control of dissolved oxygen, temperature and PH in pond, this system stabilizes these parameters at each own optimum values, and dramatically improves the overall productivity. The test results show that this system is easy-operated and user friendly, it provides a direct and practical measure for aquiculture, and saves energy as well.

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