Automated Graph Grammar Generation for Engineering Design With Frequent Pattern Mining

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Sangelkar ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Pattern Mining ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Graph Grammars ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Graph Data ◽  
Grammar Rules ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Graph grammars, a technique for formulating new graphs based on a set of rules, is a very powerful tool for computational design synthesis. It is particularly suitable for discrete categorical data where principal component analysis is generally not applicable. Furthermore, this technique utilizes three different programs in conjunction with a design repository, which is opposed to traditional methods that require experts to empirically derive graph grammars. This technique can be separated into three steps. These steps are the creation of the input, graph data mining, and interpretation of the output with the intention of these steps being to automate or assist an expert with the process of extracting engineering graph grammars. Graph grammars that can then serve as guidelines during concept generation. The results of this paper show that this technique is very applicable to computational design synthesis by testing only a small number of products and still producing tangible results that coincide with empirically derived graphs. Fifty electromechanical products from the design repository are used in this study. When comparing, the machine generated grammar rules with expert derived grammar rules, it can be seen that only 14% cannot be developed, 58% cannot be mined with the current setup and 28% were mined with the current set up. However, it is important to keep in mind a few considerations. Specifically, the technique does not replace the expert. Instead, the technique acts as more of an aid than a replacement. Also, while this technique has great potential in regards to computational design synthesis, it is limited to the products in the design repository and the current implementation of the aforementioned programs. Despite these minor considerations, this work proposes application of graph data mining to derive engineering grammars.

Research of Data Graph Mining Based on Telecommunication Customers

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Gao ◽  
Mei Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Graph Mining ◽  
Pattern Mining ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Frequent Pattern Mining ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Graph Data ◽  
Data Graph

With the rapid development of the number of mobile phone users has accumulated a large number of graph data, graph data mining has gradually become a hot area of research. Traditional data such as clustering, classification, frequent pattern mining gradually extended to the field of graph data mining research. Introduced at this stage graph data mining technology research progress, summarizes the characteristics of the graphical data mining, practical significance, the main problem, and scenarios to discuss and forecast chart data, especially research on uncertain graph data become trends and hot spots.

Toward an automated approach to the design of sheet metal components

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADITYA SOMAN ◽  
SWAPNIL PADHYE ◽  
MATTHEW I. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Grammar Rules ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis ◽  
Representation Scheme ◽  
Sheet Metal Component ◽  
Synthesis Approach

The design of sheet metal components is perhaps one of the more challenging concurrent activities for design and manufacturing engineers. To aid this design process, a method is developed to encapsulate the constraints of sheet metal that make designing such components a tedious and iterative procedure. This project involves the implementation and testing of a geometric representation scheme for building feasible sheet metal components through the use of 17 grammar rules that capture manufacturing operations like cutting and bending. The implemented system has benefits both as a user interaction tool and as the basis for a computational design synthesis approach for designing sheet metal components. An example of a constructed sheet metal component is shown along with the method for invoking the sheet metal grammar to create this component.

Strategies for Topologic and Parametric Rule Application in Automated Design Synthesis Using Graph Grammars

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Königseder ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Task Graph ◽  
Graph Grammars ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Objective Function Values

Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) is used to enable the computer to generate valid and even creative solutions for an engineering task. Graph grammars are a CDS approach in which engineering knowledge is formalized using graphs to represent designs and rules that describe possible graph transformations, i.e. changes of designs. For most engineering tasks two different kinds of rules are required: rules that change the topology and rules that change parameters of a design. One of the main challenges in CDS using both topologic and parametric rules is to decide a priori which type of rule to apply in which stage of the synthesis process. The research presented in this paper describes different strategies for the combination of topologic and parametric rules during automated design synthesis. A graph grammar for the design of gearboxes is investigated in which topologic rules change the structure, i.e. the number and connections of gears and shafts, whereas parametric rules change the layout and sizing, i.e. the dimensions and positions of gears and shafts, in the gearbox. For the generation of new designs, two simple multi-objective stochastic search algorithms are used and compared. Four different strategies are presented that determine in different ways which type of rule (topologic or parametric) to apply in which stage of the synthesis process. The presented strategies are compared considering the quantity of the generated designs, i.e. the number of topologically different designs, and their quality, i.e. their objective function values. Results show a significant influence of the chosen strategy only in an early stage of the synthesis process. The discussion examines the adaptability of the proposed strategies to other engineering tasks.

A Framework for Computational Design Synthesis Based on Graph-Grammars and Function-Behavior-Structure

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergen Helms ◽  
Kristina Shea ◽  
Frank Hoisl
Keyword(s):  
Graph Transformation ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Graph Grammars ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Product Representation ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Computational design synthesis supports the knowledge-intensive process of developing new products. However, most approaches to date are often limited to a narrow domain and viewpoint of a synthesis task. The framework introduced in this paper aims to respond to the need for a method that integrates a richer product representation for computational synthesis within a framework that includes simulation, performance evaluation, and search. A computational and parameterized product model is presented that combines the Function-Behavior-Structure levels of abstraction. Graph-grammars are then used to create a formal definition of vocabulary and valid graph transformation rules. This approach offers the possibility to harness the large knowledge source of design catalogues in order to formulate vocabulary in a viewpoint-independent and thus, flexible way. In addition to manually entered and problem-specific rules, a class of generic rules is introduced that is instantiated computationally based on the defined vocabulary and has the advantage of being problem independent and re-usable. Finally, validation of the method is given through the synthesis of electric power-trains. This research goes beyond prior work in the field as it allows for synthesis and reasoning on different layers of abstraction, including function, behavior and structure, and introduces methods to alleviate the encapsulation of engineering knowledge for synthesis methods.

A Method for Visualizing the Relations Between Grammar Rules, Performance Objectives and Search Space Exploration in Grammar-Based Computational Design Synthesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Königseder ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Grammar Rules ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Design grammars have been successfully applied in numerous engineering disciplines, e.g. in electrical engineering, architecture and mechanical engineering. A successful application of design grammars in Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) requires a) a meaningful representation of designs and the design task at hand, b) a careful formulation of grammar rules to synthesize new designs, c) problem specific design evaluations, and d) the selection of an appropriate algorithm to guide the synthesis process. Managing these different aspects of CDS requires not only a detailed understanding of each individual part, but also of the interdependencies between them. In this paper, a new method is presented to analyze the exploration of design spaces in CDS. The method analyzes the designs generated during the synthesis process and visualizes how the design space is explored with respect to a) design characteristics, and b) objectives. The selected algorithm as well as the grammar rules can be analyzed with this approach to support the human designer in successfully understanding and applying a CDS method. The case study demonstrates how the method is used to analyze the synthesis of bicycle frames. Two algorithms are compared for this task. Results demonstrate how the method increases the understanding of the different components in CDS. The presented research can be useful for both novices to CDS to help them gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between grammar rules and guidance of the synthesis process, as well as for experts aiming to further improve their CDS application by improving parameter settings of their search algorithms, or by further refining their design grammar. Additionally, the presented method constitutes a novel approach to interactively visualize design space exploration considering not only designs objectives, but also the characteristics and interdependencies of different designs.

scholarly journals A Computational Design Synthesis Method for the Generation of Rigid Origami Crease Patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Luca Zimmermann ◽  
Kristina Shea ◽  
Tino Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Generative Design ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Rigid Body Modes ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Abstract Today most origami crease patterns employed in technical applications are selected from a handful of well-known origami principles. Computational algorithms capable of generating novel crease patterns either target artistic origami, focus on quadrilateral creased paper, or do not incorporate direct knowledge for the purposeful design of crease patterns tailored to engineering applications. The lack of computational methods for the generative design of crease patterns for engineering applications arises from a multitude of geometric complexities intrinsic to origami, such as rigid foldability and rigid body modes, many of which have been addressed by recent work of the authors. Based on these findings, in this paper we introduce a Computational Design Synthesis method for the generative design of novel crease patterns to develop origami concepts for engineering applications. The proposed method first generates crease pattern graphs through a graph grammar that automatically builds the kinematic model of the underlying origami and introduces constraints for rigid foldability. Then, the method enumerates all design alternatives that arise from the assignment of different rigid body modes to the internal vertices. These design alternatives are then automatically optimized and checked for intersection to satisfy the given design task. The proposed method is generic and applied here to two design tasks that are a rigidly foldable gripper and a rigidly foldable robotic arm.

Automated Synthesis of Passive Dynamic Brachiating Robots Using a Simulation-Driven Graph Grammar Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Stöckli ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Cyclic Motion ◽  
Grammar Rules

Passive dynamic systems have the advantage over conventional robotic systems that they do not require actuators and control. Brachiating, in particular, involves the swinging motion of an animal from one branch to the next. Such systems are usually designed manually by human designers and often are bio-inspired. However, a computational design approach has the capability to search vast design spaces and find solutions that go beyond those possible by manual design. This paper addresses the automated design of passive dynamic systems by introducing a graph grammar-based method that integrates dynamic simulation to evaluate and evolve configurations. In particular, the method is shown to find different, new solutions to the problem of the design of two-dimensional passive, dynamic, continuous contact, brachiating robots. The presented graph grammar rules preserve symmetry among robot topologies. A separation of parametric multi-objective optimization and topologic synthesis is proposed, considering four objectives: number of successful swings, deviation from cyclic motion, required space, and number of bodies. The results show that multiple solutions with varying complexity are found that trade-off cyclic motion and the space required. Compared to research on automated design synthesis of actuated and controlled robotic systems, this paper contributes a new method for passive dynamic systems that integrates dynamic simulation.

Comparing Strategies for Topologic and Parametric Rule Application in Automated Computational Design Synthesis1

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Königseder ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Graph Grammars ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Rule Application ◽  
Bicycle Frame ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Graph grammars are used for computational design synthesis (CDS) in which engineering knowledge is formalized using graphs to represent designs and rules that describe their transformation. Most engineering tasks require both topologic and parametric rules to generate designs. The research presented in this paper compares different strategies for rule application to combine topologic and parametric rules during automated design synthesis driven by a search process. The presented strategies are compared considering quantity and quality of the generated designs. The effect of the strategies, the selected search algorithm, and the initial design, from which the synthesis is started, are analyzed for two case studies: gearbox synthesis and bicycle frame synthesis. Results show that the effect of the strategy is dependent on the design task. Recommendations are given on which strategies to use for which design task.

Automated Parametric Design Synthesis Using Graph Grammars and Constraint Solving

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Münzer ◽  
Kristina Shea ◽  
Bergen Helms
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problem ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Constraint Solving ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Computational design synthesis aims to support human designers throughout the design process. However, most approaches to date are limited to narrow parts of this process. The approach presented in this paper aims to respond to the need for a method that covers not only single aspects of the design process, but the whole design process from requirements to a dimensioned product concept, i.e. product architecture and related parameters. A generic approach is presented that covers requirements engineering, graph grammar-based concept architecture synthesis and automated parameterization of components based on constraint solving. Requirements are elaborated and divided into different categories. Procedures to treat each category of requirement are introduced to provide the initial state for the graph grammar-based concept synthesis. After finishing the automated synthesis based on generic and problem-specific rules, valid solutions for the resulting product concept parameterization are automatically created by setting up and solving a constraint satisfaction problem. Finally, the method is validated through the synthesis of automotive powertrains. This research goes beyond prior work in the field as it provides a continuous and generic approach starting with product requirements and ending with a valid, parameterized product concept.

Automated Mapping of Physical Effects to Functions Using Abstraction Ports Based on Bond Graphs

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergen Helms ◽  
Hansjoerg Schultheiss ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Oriented Graph ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Automated Assignment ◽  
Bond Graphs ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Computational Design Synthesis

Innovation processes are highly susceptible to cyclic influences, such as evolving knowledge due to new technologies. In order to better meet these challenges, improved computational design support is required. Paper-based design methods have vast amounts of knowledge at their disposal in the form of their design catalogs. However, they lack a corresponding computational implementation that could lead to increased use in design. The method presented is targeted at making the physical effects contained in design catalogs available for use within computational design synthesis approaches. This paper introduces the notion of abstraction ports that are used to represent the valid mapping between functional operators and physical effects. For the automated assignment of abstraction ports, a method is presented that analyzes the equation structure of physical effects. This approach is derived from the modeling technique of bond graphs and is independent of any selection process proposed by design catalogs. Moreover, it allows for the uniform formalization of evolving knowledge in new physical effects that are not yet contained in design catalogs. The assignment of abstraction ports is successfully validated through the formalization of the physical effects of two design catalogs. Furthermore, a software prototype is developed that implements a search process for suitable physical effects for a given function. Future work includes the integration of quantitative characteristics of physical effects and the integration of the approach within the object-oriented graph grammar implementation booggie (project web site: http://booggie.org) for computational design synthesis.

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