Design and Optimization of Patient-Specific Pediatric Laryngoscopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelene Habib ◽  
Robert Sims ◽  
James Inziello ◽  
Fluvio Lobo ◽  
Jack Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Airway ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Laryngoscope Blades ◽  
The Right

Abstract Pediatric laryngoscope blades do not vary in size and shape as patients’ airways do. Difficult airway intubations may require physicians to try different blade sizes and even improvise. In addition to physical trauma and complications, difficult intubations may result in longer operating room times. As advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging, modeling, and printing technologies become more ubiquitous at the point-of-care, so will the development and fabrication of patient-specific solutions. Here we introduce a method for the design and fabrication of patient-specific, single-use pediatric laryngoscope blades. The process seeks to optimize procedures and mitigate complications by providing physicians with the right tool at the right time.

scholarly journals Boundary conditions of patient-specific fluid dynamics modelling of cavopulmonary connections: possible adaptation of pulmonary resistances results in a critical issue for a virtual surgical planning

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Pennati ◽  
Chiara Corsini ◽  
Daria Cosentino ◽  
Tain-Yen Hsia ◽  
Vincenzo S. Luisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Venae Cavae ◽  
Cavopulmonary Anastomosis ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
The Right

Cavopulmonary connections are surgical procedures used to treat a variety of complex congenital cardiac defects. Virtual pre-operative planning based on in silico patient-specific modelling might become a powerful tool in the surgical decision-making process. For this purpose, three-dimensional models can be easily developed from medical imaging data to investigate individual haemodynamics. However, the definition of patient-specific boundary conditions is still a crucial issue. The present study describes an approach to evaluate the vascular impedance of the right and left lungs on the basis of pre-operative clinical data and numerical simulations. Computational fluid dynamics techniques are applied to a patient with a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, who later underwent a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Multi-scale models describing the surgical region and the lungs are adopted, while the flow rates measured in the venae cavae are used at the model inlets. Pre-operative and post-operative conditions are investigated; namely, TCPC haemodynamics, which are predicted using patient-specific pre-operative boundary conditions, indicates that the pre-operative balanced lung resistances are not compatible with the TCPC measured flows, suggesting that the pulmonary vascular impedances changed individually after the surgery. These modifications might be the consequence of adaptation to the altered pulmonary blood flows.

scholarly journals Traumatic aorto-pulmonary artery fistula: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Meel ◽  
Thumone Govindasamy ◽  
Ricardo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Stab Wound ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pulmonary Valve Replacement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Fistula ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Abstract Background  Aorta-pulmonary (A-P) artery fistula following a stab wound to the chest with superimposed infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, often unrecognized presentation. Herein, we report a case of A-P fistula due to stab chest assessed by two- and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Case summary  A 30-year-old man presented with a history of being stabbed in the chest with a screwdriver. The chest wall laceration was sutured, an intercostal drain inserted for a haemopneumothorax, and he was subsequently discharged. He presented 3 weeks later with exertional dyspnoea, fever, rigours, and loss of weight. On examination, he had a wide pulse pressure and a harsh continuous murmur in the 2nd left intercostal space associated with a palpable thrill. Blood tests revealed raised infective markers and anaemia. All blood cultures were sterile. On echocardiography, the aortic and pulmonary valve was severely damaged, with suspicion of superimposed vegetations secondary to IE. There was severe aortic and pulmonary valve regurgitation. A fistulous connection was noted between the aorta and main pulmonary artery, just below the commissure adjoining the right and left coronary sinus of the aortic valve. On 3D imaging, the defect was quantified. The patient was subsequently referred for aortic and pulmonary valve replacement and closure of the A-P fistula. The presence of multiple vegetations was confirmed intraoperatively. He also received a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics. Discussion  We have described a rare case of an A-P fistula due to a stab wound to the chest complicated by IE. In a patient with stab wound to the chest, a high index of suspicion of cardiac involvement must be maintained, and a careful search for intracardiac shunts must be made on echocardiography, prior to discharge. Furthermore, in addition to two-dimensional imaging, 3D imaging proved useful in providing a comprehensive assessment of the morphology of the lesion prior to surgery.

scholarly journals Computational quantification of patient-specific changes in ventricular dynamics associated with pulmonary hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. H1363-H1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Finsberg ◽  
Ce Xi ◽  
Xiaodan Zhao ◽  
Ju Le Tan ◽  
Martin Genet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) causes an increase in the mechanical loading imposed on the right ventricle (RV) that results in progressive changes to its mechanics and function. Here, we quantify the mechanical changes associated with PAH by assimilating clinical data consisting of reconstructed three-dimensional geometry, pressure, and volume waveforms, as well as regional strains measured in patients with PAH ( n = 12) and controls ( n = 6) within a computational modeling framework of the ventricles. Modeling parameters reflecting regional passive stiffness and load-independent contractility as indexed by the tissue active tension were optimized so that simulation results matched the measurements. The optimized parameters were compared with clinical metrics to find usable indicators associated with the underlying mechanical changes. Peak contractility of the RV free wall (RVFW) γRVFW,max was found to be strongly correlated and had an inverse relationship with the RV and left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume ratio (i.e., RVEDV/LVEDV) (RVEDV/LVEDV)+ 0.44, R2 = 0.77). Correlation with RV ejection fraction ( R2 = 0.50) and end-diastolic volume index ( R2 = 0.40) were comparatively weaker. Patients with with RVEDV/LVEDV > 1.5 had 25% lower γRVFW,max ( P < 0.05) than that of the control. On average, RVFW passive stiffness progressively increased with the degree of remodeling as indexed by RVEDV/LVEDV. These results suggest a mechanical basis of using RVEDV/LVEDV as a clinical index for delineating disease severity and estimating RVFW contractility in patients with PAH. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article presents patient-specific data assimilation of a patient cohort and physical description of clinical observations.

scholarly journals In-Hospital 3D Printed Scaphoid Prosthesis Using Medical-Grade Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Biomaterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Philipp Honigmann ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Ralf Schumacher ◽  
Jasmine Rueegg ◽  
Mathias Haefeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Patient Specific Implants ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Medical Grade

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing has become increasingly popular in the medical sector for the production of anatomical biomodels, surgical guides, and prosthetics. With the availability of low-cost desktop 3D printers and affordable materials, the in-house or point-of-care manufacturing of biomodels and Class II medical devices has gained considerable attention in personalized medicine. Another projected development in medical 3D printing for personalized treatment is the in-house production of patient-specific implants (PSIs) for partial and total bone replacements made of medical-grade material such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK). We present the first in-hospital 3D printed scaphoid prosthesis using medical-grade PEEK with fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology.

scholarly journals Transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula through a thrombosed inferior petrosal sinus utilizing 3D venography

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittipong Srivatanakul ◽  
Takahiro Osada ◽  
Rie Aoki ◽  
Takatoshi Sorimachi ◽  
Mitsunori Matsumae
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Petrosal Sinus ◽  
Transvenous Embolization ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Right

Objective We report a new technique in approaching the cavernous sinus through an occluded inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) using three-dimensional (3D) venography. Case presentation A patient diagnosed with arteriovenous fistula of the right cavernous sinus underwent transvenous embolization. The IPS was not detectable on angiogram. Retrograde injection of contrast with 3D imaging of the internal jugular vein clearly demonstrated the remnant of the IPS. By referring to the images obtained, catheterization of the cavernous sinus by way of the IPS was performed without difficulties. Conclusion Three-dimensional venography for detecting the entrance to the IPS is a useful method and easy to perform. We believe that this technique should be considered whenever the access to an occluded IPS is necessary.

Dimensional evaluation of patient-specific 3D printing using calcium phosphate cement for craniofacial bone reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liciane Sabadin Bertol ◽  
Rodrigo Schabbach ◽  
Luís Alberto Loureiro dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
The Right

The 3D printing process is highlighted nowadays as a possibility to generate individual parts with complex geometries. Moreover, the development of 3D printing hardware, software and parameters permits the manufacture of parts that can be not only used as prototypes, but are also made from materials that are suitable for implantation. In this way, this study investigates the process involved in the production of patient-specific craniofacial implants using calcium phosphate cement, and its dimensional accuracy. The implants were previously generated in a computer-aided design environment based on the patient’s tomographic data. The fabrication of the implants was carried out in a commercial 3D powder printing system using alfa-tricalcium phosphate powder and an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4 as a binder. The fit of the 3D printed implants was measured by three-dimensional laser scanning and by checking the right adjustment to the patient’s anatomical biomodel. The printed parts presented a good degree of fitting and accuracy.

scholarly journals Towards personalized computational oncology: from spatial models of tumour spheroids, to organoids, to tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (138) ◽  
pp. 20170703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Karolak ◽  
Dmitry A. Markov ◽  
Lisa J. McCawley ◽  
Katarzyna A. Rejniak
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Multicellular Spheroids ◽  
Tumour Spheroids ◽  
Computational Oncology ◽  
The Right

A main goal of mathematical and computational oncology is to develop quantitative tools to determine the most effective therapies for each individual patient. This involves predicting the right drug to be administered at the right time and at the right dose. Such an approach is known as precision medicine. Mathematical modelling can play an invaluable role in the development of such therapeutic strategies, since it allows for relatively fast, efficient and inexpensive simulations of a large number of treatment schedules in order to find the most effective. This review is a survey of mathematical models that explicitly take into account the spatial architecture of three-dimensional tumours and address tumour development, progression and response to treatments. In particular, we discuss models of epithelial acini, multicellular spheroids, normal and tumour spheroids and organoids, and multi-component tissues. Our intent is to showcase how these in silico models can be applied to patient-specific data to assess which therapeutic strategies will be the most efficient. We also present the concept of virtual clinical trials that integrate standard-of-care patient data, medical imaging, organ-on-chip experiments and computational models to determine personalized medical treatment strategies.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

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