Development and Experimental Validation of a Control-Oriented Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Brake Torque Predictive Model for Hybrid Powertrain Control Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Chiara ◽  
Junmin Wang ◽  
Chinmaya B. Patil ◽  
Ming-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Fengjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

This paper describes the development and experimental validation of a control-oriented, real-time-capable, Diesel engine instantaneous fuel consumption and brake torque model under warmed-up conditions. Such a model, with the capability of reliably and computationally-efficiently estimating the aforementioned variables at steady-state and transient engine operating conditions, can be utilized in the context of real-time control and optimization of hybrid powertrains. The only two inputs of the model are the torque request and the engine speed. While Diesel engine dynamics are highly nonlinear and very complex, by considering the Diesel engine and its control system (engine control unit (ECU)) together as an entity, it becomes possible to predict the engine instantaneous fuel consumption and torque based on only the two inputs. A synergy between different modeling methodologies including physically-based grey-box and data-driven black-box approaches were integrated in the Diesel engine model. The fueling and torque predictions have been validated by means of FTP72 test cycle experimental data from a medium-duty Diesel engine at steady-state and transient operations.

An Accelerated Testing Approach for Lubricant Oil Consumption Reduction on an EMD 710 Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Froelund ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
John Hedrick ◽  
Jaime Garcia ◽  
Neil Blythe
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Lubricant Oil

Real-Time Da Vinci Lubricant Oil Consumption (DALOC™) measurements were made on a 2,942 kW (4,000 hp) EMD 16-710G3 locomotive diesel engine, as part of a program to evaluate prototype cylinder kits that hold the potential to reduce lubricating oil consumption and hence reduce exhaust particulate matter emissions towards meeting EPA Tier 0+ locomotive emissions certification. The DALOC technique uses sulfur dioxide (SO2) measured in the exhaust gas stream as a tracer for oil consumption. The engine was operated on an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (3 ppm by weight) and commercially available SAE grade 20W40 mineral-based lubricating oil (4,865 ppm by weight). Knowing the SO2 concentration in the exhaust, the air and fuel flow rates, and the lubricating oil consumption rate can be calculated in real-time, i.e. on a second-to-second basis. Use of this measurement technique on the locomotive engine application has proven to be a cost- and time-reducing tool for mapping steady-state lubricating oil consumption rate. Numerous prior publications describe the evolution of this technique over time as well as the prior art in the area of lubricant impact on emissions [1–12]. As part of this project, the lubricant oil consumption of 4 different cylinder kits were accurately quantified at 4 steady-state operating conditions typical of North American freight locomotive operation within less than 40 hours of actual engine running. Applying this measurement technique, a reduction of lubricant oil consumption of 75%+ in comparison to the baseline cylinder kits were documented.

scholarly journals Design of Real-Time Control Based on DP and ECMS for PHEVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhenjiang Cai ◽  
Shaofei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

A real-time control is proposed for plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) based on dynamic programming (DP) and equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) in this study. Firstly, the resulting controls of mode selection and series mode are stored in tables through offline simulation of DP, and the parallel HEV mode uses ECMS-based real-time algorithm to reduce the application of maps and avoid manual adjustment of parameters. Secondly, the feedback energy management system (FMES) is built based on feedback from SoC, which takes into account the charge and discharge reaction (CDR) of the battery, and in order to make full use of the energy stored in the battery, the reference SoC is introduced. Finally, a comparative simulation on the proposed real-time controller is conducted against DP, the results show that the controller has a good performance, and the fuel consumption value of the real-time controller is close to the value using DP. The engine operating conditions are concentrated in the low fuel consumption area of the engine, and when the driving distance is known, the SoC can follow the reference SoC well to make full use of the energy stored in the battery.

Lubricating Oil Consumption Measurements on an EMD 16-645E Locomotive Diesel Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Froelund ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
Brian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Locomotive Diesel

Real-Time Oil Consumption (RTOC-III™) measurements were made on a 1,500 kW EMD 16-645E locomotive diesel engine, as part of a program to evaluate commercially available cylinder kits that hold the potential to reduce lubricating oil consumption and hence reduce exhaust particulate matter emissions. The RTOC technique uses sulfur dioxide (SO2), as measured in the exhaust gas stream, as a tracer for oil consumption. The engine was operated on an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel and commercially available SAE grade 20W40 mineral-based lubricating oil. Knowing the SO2 concentration in the exhaust, the air and fuel flow rates, the lubricating oil consumption rate can be calculated in real-time, i.e. on a second-to-second basis. Use of RTOC on the locomotive engine application has proven to be a cost-effective tool for mapping steady-state lubricating oil consumption rate. Where traditional volumetric oil consumption measurement techniques can take several days to obtain the oil consumption rate from a single operating point, the RTOC technique takes only about 10 minutes per operating mode. Applying this technique, the test duration can thus be tremendously compressed, as compared to the volumetric technique. In addition to cost savings, the repeatability of the data is much improved by applying this novel technique. In this program, steady-state oil consumption was determined at 10 steady-state operating conditions typical of North American freight locomotive operation.

Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Variable Injection Timing System Performance Evaluation and Optimum Setting for Minimum Fuel Consumption at Acceptable NOx Levels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Spiridon Raptotasios ◽  
Antonis Antonopoulos ◽  
Stavros Daniolos ◽  
Iosif Dolaptzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Start Of Injection

Currently the most promising solution for marine propulsion is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engine. Start of Injection (SOI) is of significant importance for these engines due to its effect on firing pressure and specific fuel consumption. Therefore these engines are usually equipped with Variable Injection Timing (VIT) systems for variation of SOI with load. Proper operation of these systems is essential for both safe engine operation and performance since they are also used to control peak firing pressure. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate the operation of VIT system and determine the required rack settings for a specific SOI angle without using experimental techniques, which are extremely expensive and time consuming. For this reason in the present work it is examined the use of on-board monitoring and diagnosis techniques to overcome this difficulty. The application is conducted on a commercial vessel equipped with a two-stroke engine from which cylinder pressure measurements were acquired. From the processing of measurements acquired at various operating conditions it is determined the relation between VIT rack position and start of injection angle. This is used to evaluate the VIT system condition and determine the required settings to achieve the desired SOI angle. After VIT system tuning, new measurements were acquired from the processing of which results were derived for various operating parameters, i.e. brake power, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate, start of combustion etc. From the comparative evaluation of results before and after VIT adjustment it is revealed an improvement of specific fuel consumption while firing pressure remains within limits. It is thus revealed that the proposed method has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of purely experimental trial and error methods and that its use can result to fuel saving with minimum effort and time. To evaluate the corresponding effect on NOx emissions, as required by Marpol Annex-VI regulation a theoretical investigation is conducted using a multi-zone combustion model. Shop-test and NOx-file data are used to evaluate its ability to predict engine performance and NOx emissions before conducting the investigation. Moreover, the results derived from the on-board cylinder pressure measurements, after VIT system tuning, are used to evaluate the model’s ability to predict the effect of SOI variation on engine performance. Then the simulation model is applied to estimate the impact of SOI advance on NOx emissions. As revealed NOx emissions remain within limits despite the SOI variation (increase).

Analysis of Throttle Opening Variation Impact on a Diesel Engine Performance Using Second Law of Thermodynamics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Sahoo ◽  
U. K. Saha ◽  
N. Sahoo ◽  
P. Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Second Law Analysis

The fuel efficiency of a modern diesel engine has decreased due to the recent revisions to emission standards. For an engine fuel economy, the engine speed is to be optimum for an exact throttle opening (TO) position. This work presents an analysis of throttle opening variation impact on a multi-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine with the aid of Second Law of thermodynamics. For this purpose, the engine is run for different throttle openings with several load and speed variations. At a steady engine loading condition, variation in the throttle openings has resulted in different engine speeds. The Second Law analysis, also called ‘Exergy’ analysis, is performed for these different engine speeds at their throttle positions. The Second Law analysis includes brake work, coolant heat transfer, exhaust losses, exergy efficiency, and airfuel ratio. The availability analysis is performed for 70%, 80%, and 90% loads of engine maximum power condition with 50%, 75%, and 100% TO variations. The data are recorded using a computerized engine test unit. Results indicate that the optimum engine operating conditions for 70%, 80% and 90% engine loads are 2000 rpm at 50% TO, 2300 rpm at 75% TO and 3250 rpm at 100% TO respectively.

Testing the Rotating Liner Engine: Over 30% Reduction in Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption at Idle Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Dardalis ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Ron Matthews ◽  
Amiyo Basu ◽  
Zheng Yan Ching
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Fuel

Renewable Fuel Performance in a Legacy Military Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hamilton ◽  
Sherry A. Williams ◽  
Richard A. Kamin ◽  
Matthew A. Carr ◽  
Patrick A. Caton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Renewable Fuel

A new Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) from the camelina plant has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel. This HRJ fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy jet fuel JP-5. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRJ leads to modestly shorter ignition delay. The longer ignition delay of JP-5 delivers shorter overall combustion durations, with associated higher indicated engine torque levels. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better with conventional JP-5 by up to ten percent, due to more ideal combustion characteristics.

Transfer Function Modelling of Urban Drainage Systems, and Potential Uses in Real-Time Control Applications

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Function Modelling ◽  
Transfer Function Modelling

According to the present state-of-the-art, sewerage systems, sewage treatment plants and their subsequent improvements are often planned and designed as totally separate entities, each subject to a specific set of performance objectives. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of urban drainage and wastewater treatment design and operation could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, overflows and surface water runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “real-time control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. To be a feasible goal, this technology poses the demand for more powerful simulation models of either aspect of the system - or, ideally, of a unified sewer-and-treatment plant model - than most of those currently available. This paper examines the requirements of rainfall/runoff transformation and sewer flow models with respect to real-time control applications, and focuses on the methodology of stochastic, transfer function modelling, reporting application examples. Modalities and limitations of the extraction of information from the models thus derived are also analyzed.

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