Development and experimental validation of a control-oriented Diesel engine model for fuel consumption and brake torque predictions

This paper describes the development and experimental validation of a control-oriented, real-time-capable, Diesel engine instantaneous fuel consumption and brake torque model under warmed-up conditions. Such a model, with the capability of reliably and computationally-efficiently estimating the aforementioned variables at steady-state and transient engine operating conditions, can be utilized in the context of real-time control and optimization of hybrid powertrains. The only two inputs of the model are the torque request and the engine speed. While Diesel engine dynamics are highly nonlinear and very complex, by considering the Diesel engine and its control system (engine control unit (ECU)) together as an entity, it becomes possible to predict the engine instantaneous fuel consumption and torque based on only the two inputs. A synergy between different modeling methodologies including physically-based grey-box and data-driven black-box approaches were integrated in the Diesel engine model. The fueling and torque predictions have been validated by means of FTP72 test cycle experimental data from a medium-duty Diesel engine at steady-state and transient operations.

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Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4051951 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alex Oliveira ◽

Junfeng Yang ◽

Jose Sodre

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Nox Formation ◽

Ratio Distribution ◽

Engine Model ◽

Gas Recirculation ◽

The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

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Renewable Fuel Performance in a Legacy Military Diesel Engine

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/es2011-54101 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Leonard J. Hamilton ◽

Sherry A. Williams ◽

Richard A. Kamin ◽

Matthew A. Carr ◽

Patrick A. Caton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Ignition Delay ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Load Range ◽

Engine Torque ◽

Brake Torque ◽

Renewable Fuel

A new Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) from the camelina plant has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel. This HRJ fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy jet fuel JP-5. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRJ leads to modestly shorter ignition delay. The longer ignition delay of JP-5 delivers shorter overall combustion durations, with associated higher indicated engine torque levels. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better with conventional JP-5 by up to ten percent, due to more ideal combustion characteristics.

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Hydrotreated Algae Renewable Fuel Performance in a Military Diesel Engine

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/ices2012-81048 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Patrick A. Caton ◽

Sherry A. Williams ◽

Richard A. Kamin ◽

Dianne Luning-Prak ◽

Leonard J. Hamilton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Renewable Diesel ◽

Load Range ◽

Brake Torque ◽

Renewable Fuel ◽

Engine Efficiency

A vegetable oil from algae has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel (HRD) fuel. This HRD fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy diesel fuel. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRD (77 v. 43) leads to significantly shorter ignition delays with associated longer combustion durations and modestly lower peak cylinder pressures as compared to diesel fuel operation. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better (5–10%) with HRD due to the cumulative IMEP effect with moderatly longer combustion durations. Carbon dioxide emmisions are considerably lower with HRD due to the improved engine efficiency as well the more advantageous hydrogen-carbon ratio of this HRD fuel.

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Computational model of the fuel consumption and exhaust temperature of a heavy duty diesel engine using MATLAB/SIMULINK

Poljoprivredna tehnika ◽

10.5937/poljteh2004051d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 51-70

Author(s):

Ifeanyi Dilibe

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Brake Torque ◽

Exhaust Temperature ◽

Electronic Control System ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature

A model of a diesel engine and its electronic control system was developed to investigate the engine behaviour in a vehicle simulation environment. The modelled quantities were brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature and were based on engine speed and pedal position. In order to describe these outputs the inlet air flow and boost pressure were also modelled and used as inner variables. The model was intended to be implemented on board a vehicle in a control unit which had limited computational performance. To keep the model as computationally efficient as possible the model basically consists of look-up tables and polynomials. First order systems were used to describe the dynamics of air flow and exhaust temperature. The outputs enable gear shift optimization over three variables, torque for vehicle acceleration, fuel consumption for efficiency and exhaust temperature to maintain high efficiency in the exhaust after treatment system. The engine model captures the low frequent dynamics of the modelled quantities in the closed loop of the engine and its electronic control system. The model only consists of three states, one for the pressure build up in the intake manifold and two states for modelling the exhaust temperature. The model was compared to measured data from an engine test cell (as got in INNOSON NIG. LTD.) and the mean absolute relative error were lower than 6.8%, 7.8% and 5.8% for brake torque, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature respectively. These results were considered good given the simplicity of the model.

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DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

International Conference on Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/10.15547/ictte.2018.01.003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Petar Kazakov ◽

Atanas Iliev ◽

Emil Marinov

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

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STUDI PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI OPTIMUM CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL–PETRODIESEL

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v4i2.1858 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Soni S. Wirawan dkk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Price Policy ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is a viable substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Its advantages are improved lubricity, higher cetane number and cleaner emission. Biodiesel and its blends with petroleum-based diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines without any signifi cant modifi cations to the engines. Data from the numerous research reports and test programs showed that as the percent of biodiesel in blends increases, emission of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) all decrease, but the amount of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fuel consumption is tend to increase. The most signifi cant hurdle for broader commercialization of biodiesel is its cost. In current fuel price policy in Indonesia (especially fuel for transportation), the higher percent of biodiesel in blend will increase the price of blends fuel. The objective of this study is to assess the optimum blends of biodiesel with petroleum-based diesel fuel from the technically and economically consideration. The study result recommends that 20% biodiesel blend with 80% petroleum-based diesel fuel (B20) is the optimum blend for unmodifi ed diesel engine uses.Keywords: biodiesel, emission, optimum, blend

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Investigation of Effect on Environmental Performance of Using LNG as Fuel for Engines in Seaport Tugboats

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9020123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Sergejus Lebedevas ◽

Lukas Norkevičius ◽

Peilin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Emission Analysis ◽

The Baltic

Decarbonization of ship power plants and reduction of harmful emissions has become a priority in the technological development of maritime transport, including ships operating in seaports. Engines fueled by diesel without using secondary emission reduction technologies cannot meet MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The MEPC.203 (62) EEDI directive of the IMO also stipulates a standard for CO2 emissions. This study presents the results of research on ecological parameters when a CAT 3516C diesel engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-liquefied natural gas) powered Wartsila 9L20DF engine on an existing seaport tugboat. CO2, SO2 and NOx emission reductions were estimated using data from the actual engine load cycle, the fuel consumption of the KLASCO-3 tugboat, and engine-prototype experimental data. Emission analysis was performed to verify the efficiency of the dual-fuel engine in reducing CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions of seaport tugboats. The study found that replacing a diesel engine with a dual-fuel-powered engine led to a reduction in annual emissions of 10% for CO2, 91% for SO2, and 65% for NOx. Based on today’s fuel price market data an economic impact assessment was conducted based on the estimated annual fuel consumption of the existing KLASCO-3 seaport tugboat when a diesel-powered engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-natural gas)-powered engine. The study showed that a 33% fuel costs savings can be achieved each year. Based on the approved methodology, an ecological impact assessment was conducted for the entire fleet of tugboats operating in the Baltic Sea ports if the fuel type was changed from diesel to natural gas. The results of the assessment showed that replacing diesel fuel with natural gas achieved 78% environmental impact in terms of NOx emissions according to MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The research concludes that new-generation engines on the market powered by environmentally friendly fuels such as LNG can modernise a large number of existing seaport tugboats, significantly reducing their emissions in ECA regions such as the Baltic Sea.

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Assessment of an electrical coolant pump on a heavy-duty diesel engine

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04340-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Markus Kiesenhofer

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Test Bench ◽

Engine Test ◽

The European Union ◽

Engine Test Bench ◽

Commercial Vehicles ◽

Coolant Pump ◽

Vehicle Class

AbstractHybridization of the drive train in commercial vehicles is a key solution toward meeting the strict future requirements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the European Union. In order to decrease fleet consumption a large number of different hybrid systems are already available in series in the passenger car sector. Due to the cheap and powerful 48 volt hybrid components and the lower hazard potential compared to high voltage, future commercial vehicles could also benefit from the 48V technology and contribute to lower fleet fuel consumption. Therefore, a complete 48V mild hybrid system was built on the diesel engine test bench as part of a research project. This paper highlights the utilization of a powerful 48V-motor to propel the coolant pump on a diesel engine of the 13-L commercial vehicle class. Three different drive variants of the coolant pump were implemented and measured on the diesel engine test bench. MATLAB®/Simulink®-simulations were conducted to assess the possible fuel savings in three different driving cycles. This paper provides a summary and interpretation of the measurement and simulation results. The simulation studies predict a decrease of fuel consumption of up to 0.94%. Furthermore, the additional advantages of electrified coolant pumps based on 48V are discussed.

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