Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of Building Cogeneration Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Yoru ◽  
T. Hikmet Karakoc ◽  
Arif Hepbasli ◽  
Enis T. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
External Combustion ◽  
Thermophotovoltaic Systems

This study deals with types of micro cogeneration (or micro combined heat and power, MCHP) systems and reviews energetic and exergetic analysis of MCHP systems, which are also called building cogeneration systems. These are classified as micro and macro cogeneration systems and figured within subgroups. Previously conducted studies on exergy and energy analyses of internal combustion engines (micro turbines), external combustion engines (Ericsson engines), fuel cells (solid oxide fuel cells) and thermophotovoltaic systems are treated in this paper. The main objectives of this study are to classify MCHP systems used in building cogeneration systems, to introduce types of MCHP systems and to better define micro cogeneration systems in the light of previously conducted studies. In this regard, energetic and exergetic efficiencies of various MCHP systems are graphically obtained. Under grouping presented MCHP systems, internal combustion engines based MCHP systems are defined to be the best choice with energetic and exergetic efficiency values of 86.0% and 40.31%, respectively. Micro gas turbines and Ericson engine based micro cogeneration systems are also obtained as valuable systems with the energetic values of 75.99% and 65.97% and exergetic values of 35.8% and 38.5%, respectively. However, in this building cogeneration group, energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the thermophotovoltaic systems have 65.0% and 15.0%, respectively. It may be concluded that system choice depends on the type of the system, energy flow of the system, system parts and developments, while building, system capacity, comfort and maintenance are the other factors to be considered.

scholarly journals Overview of the Green Hydrogen Applications in Marine Power Plants Onboard Ships

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Ammar ◽  
Nayef F. S. H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines

The need for renewable and green energy sources to replace fossil fuel with the incrementally rising prices is driving many researchers to work on narrowing the gap between the most scientific innovative clean energy technologies and the concepts of feasibility and cost-effective solutions. The current paper aims to introduce one aspect of Green Energy; the use of Hydrogen as fuel for marine power plants, to replace all kinds of fossil fuels which are the major responsible of harmful emissions. There are three applications for hydrogen in marine field. These applications include hydrogen internal combustion engines, hydrogen gas turbines, and fuel cells. The main problems associated with the application of hydrogen in internal combustion engines are the engine knocking; air fuel ratio and intake temperature. The research programs for the application of hydrogen in gas turbines concentrate on studying the characteristics of hydrogen combustion inside gas turbine combustors. The third application of hydrogen is fuel cells. Huge developments have been achieved in this sector over the past few years. But for the marine field only the naval vessels market used it for auxiliary power generation.

scholarly journals Techno-economic and Environmental Comparison of Internal Combustion Engines and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Ship Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 230328
Author(s):  
Lukas Kistner ◽  
Fritjof L. Schubert ◽  
Christine Minke ◽  
Astrid Bensmann ◽  
Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Study on Catalytic Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells With Comparison to Gas Phase Reactions in Internal Combustion Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helgi S. Fridriksson ◽  
Bengt Sunde´n ◽  
Jinliang Yuan ◽  
Martin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ic Engines

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the attractive feature to be able to make use of hydrocarbon fuels in their operation by reforming the fuel into pure hydrogen, either internally or externally. This can open up for a smoother transition from the existing hydro-carbon economy toward a more renewable hydrogen economy. Since both SOFCs and internal combustion (IC) engines can make use of hydrocarbon fuels, it is of interest to examine the major differences in their utilization of the hydrocarbons and investigate how this type of fuel contributes to the power output of the respective systems. Thereby, various advantages and disadvantages of their reactions are raised. It was shown that even though there are fundamental differences between SOFCs and IC engines, both types face similar problems in their designs. These problems mostly include material design and operation management, but even problems related to the chemical reactions, e.g., carbon deposition for SOFCs and pollutant formation for IC engines.

A Table of Thermodynamic Properties of Air

1943 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. A123-A130
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Keenan ◽  
Joseph Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Single Argument ◽  
Air Compressors

Abstract Over the range of conditions for which the equation pv = RT represents satisfactorily the p-v-T relation, a table having a single argument, the temperature, serves all the purposes which are served by vapor tables (steam tables, ammonia tables, etc.) having two arguments. A table of this sort with intervals small enough for linear interpolation is presented for dry air. Data from this table are compared with corresponding values from the tables of Sage and Lacey. The use of the table is illustrated with examples of the calculation of processes involved in air compressors, nozzles, internal-combustion engines, and gas turbines.

scholarly journals Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7447
Author(s):  
Thomas Buckley Imhoff ◽  
Savvas Gkantonas ◽  
Epaminondas Mastorakos
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
System Level ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Material

This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adequately capture the behaviour of internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel processing equipment, and exhaust aftertreatment components. The performance of each vessel is evaluated by comparing its maximum range and cargo capacity to a conventional vessel. Results indicate that per unit output power, ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engines are more efficient, require less catalytic material, and have lower auxiliary power requirements than ammonia gas turbines. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if the operators can overcome capacity losses between 4% and 9%, assuming that the updated vessels retain the same range as a conventional vessel. The study also establishes that naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns. Ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine sector is a compelling option if the detailed component design continues to show that the concept is practically feasible. The present data and models can help in such feasibility studies for a range of vessels and propulsion technologies.

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