A Review of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Catalytic Coated CI Engine with Biodiesel

This paper is a review outline of references of CI engine (Combustion Ignition Engine) journals. CI Engine is the most preferred sort of engine as a result of its high thermal efficiency than any other internal or external combustion engine. Due to the demand for petroleum fuel, increasing cost, and hazardous emission by CI Engine, it is required to enhance the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of CI Engine. Bio-fuels are well-tried to be superb substitutes for the present diesel. Nowadays, numerous researches are going on in biodiesel blends at varying ratios to increase the performance of the engine. Also many researches are going on coating the piston head in order to reduce the black smoke at the exhaust.

Intelligent speed control of a Stirling engine using artificial neural network

The Stirling engine is a kind of external combustion engine that is ideal for converting renewable energies to electricity or mechanical energy forms. Therefore, monitoring and controlling some of its parameters such as its speed is important. The purpose of this paper is to control a Stirling engine flywheel rotation speed using an intelligent parameter predictor. Since various parameters affect motor performance, determining the optimal value of them manually is impossible. Therefore, linking these parameters together and finding a relationship between them would be beneficial. Hence, using artificial intelligence (AI) to find a quick and efficient solution is particularly important. At the studied Stirling engine, speed, cold sink and ambient temperatures are defined as input parameters, and hot sink temperature is considered as the output parameter that should be calculated. To discover the relationship between inputs and output, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used. The results of this study showed that the use of ANNs can be significantly helpful in controlling engine speed.

Stirling system optimization for series hybrid electric vehicles

There have been many studies conducted to replace the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with a more efficient engine, due to increasing regulations over vehicles’ emissions. Throughout the years, several external combustion engines were considered as alternatives to these traditional ICEs for their intrinsic benefits, among which are Stirling machines. These were formerly utilized in conventional powertrains; however, they were not implemented in hybrid vehicles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of implementing a Stirling engine in a series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) to substitute the ICE. Exergy analysis was conducted on a mathematical model, which was developed based on a real simple Stirling, to pinpoint the room for improvements. Then, based on this analysis, other configurations were retrieved to reduce exergy losses. Consequently, a Stirling-SHEV was modeled, to be integrated as auxiliary power unit (APU). Hereafter, through an exergo-technological detailed selection, the best configuration was found to be the Regenerative Reheat two stages serial Stirling (RRe-n2-S), offering the best efficiency and power combination. Then, this configuration was compared with the Regenerative Stirling (R-S) and the ICE in terms of fuel consumption, in the developed SHEV on the WLTC. This was performed using an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) consisting of a bi-level optimization technique, combining the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) with the Dynamic Programming (DP). This arrangement is used to diminish the fuel consumption, while considering the reduction of the APU’s ON/OFF switching times, avoiding technical issues. Results prioritized the RRe-n2-S presenting 12.1% fuel savings compared to the ICE and 14.1% savings compared to the R-S.

Design and anylysis of gamma type Stirling engine

This article discusses how to design and manufacture a gamma type Stirling engine. The Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that does not produce any pollution. In this study, we studied the design and manufacturing of industrial Stirling engine. After designing and manufacturing all the parts, the designed Stirling engine has been launched by a 550-watt electric heater and has been tested in two uninsured and insulated modes. In non-insulated mode, the motor had a power of 68.69 watts with a yield of 12.66% and, when the motor is insulated, it had a power of 86.48 watts with a yield of 15.72%.

Energy and Efficiency Evaluation of Feedback Branch Design in Thermoacoustic Stirling-Like Engines

Stirling-like thermoacoustic generators are external combustion engines that provide useful acoustic power in the absence of moving parts with high reliability and respect for the environment. The study of these systems involves a great complexity since the parameters that describe them, besides being numerous, present a high degree of coupling between them. This implies a great difficulty in characterizing the effects of any parametric variation on the performance of these devices. Due to the huge amount of data to analyze, the experiments and simulations required to address the problem involve high investments in time and resources, sometimes unaffordable. This article presents, how a sensitivity analysis applying the response surface methodology can be applied to optimize the feedback branch of a thermoacoustic Stirling-like engine. The proposed study is made by evaluating the comparative relevance of seven design variables. The dimensional reduction process identifies three significant factors: the frequency of operation, the internal diameter of compliance, and the inertance. Subsequently, the Response Surface Methodology is applied to assess the interaction effects of these three design parameters on the efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine, and an improvement of 6% has been achieved. The enhanced values given by the response surface methodology are validated using the DeltaEC software.

Sistema de extraccion y tratamiento de metano

Currently sanitary landfills are considered sources of atmospheric pollutants. Biogas, a product of the biological decomposition of organic waste, incorporates mostly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which are greenhouse gases. A large number of municipal sanitary landfills do not have control over methane gas emissions to the surface. This project is based on the construction of a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from landfills. The objective was to manufacture and build a portable prototype system for the extraction and treatment of methane gas from municipal sanitary landfills. That it implements the necessary sections and devices to treat the gas and in this way facilitate its later use as fuel in heating systems, domestic use and / or internal and external combustion thermal machines. Using for this purpose a system of gas extraction, separation of solids, de-humidification and desulphurisation process. In the system variables such as the percentage of methane, temperature and humidity are monitored, in order to give a stability to the gas treatment process.

Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems

The use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating according to an open cycle with partial bypassing of external combustion chamber at the turbine exit (a new solution) and, for comparison, a turbine set operating according to an open cycle with a regenerator. The calculations were carried out for different fuels: gas from biomass gasification (LHV = 4.4 MJ/kg), biogas (LHV = 17.5 MJ/kg) and methane (LHV = 50 MJ/kg). It is demonstrated that analyzed solution enables construction of several kW power microturbines that might be used on a local scale. Such turbines, operated by prosumer’s type of organizations may change the efficiency of electricity generation on a country-wide scale evidently contributing to the sustainability of power generation, as well as the economy as a whole.