Piezoelectric Paint: Thick-Film Sensors for Structural Monitoring of Shock and Vibration

Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/esda2004-58352 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

J. M. Hale

Keyword(s):

Thick Film ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Structural Monitoring ◽

Dynamic Strain ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Film Material ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Vibration Sensors ◽

Paint Spray

This paper describes dynamic strain sensors made using piezoelectric paint, a novel piezoelectric thick-film material which can be deposited using conventional paint spray equipment. The morphology of piezoelectric paint is described briefly, followed by a fuller description of the characteristics of thick-film vibration sensors made using it. It is shown that they have adequate properties (dynamic range and bandwidth) for use in structural monitoring applications, and that they are robust against environmental damage. Finally, a field trial is described in which a sensor has survived for three years without significant deterioration in a typical location on a bridge.

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Development of piezoelectric paint thick-film vibration sensors

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1243/095440605x8441 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 219 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J M Hale ◽

J R White ◽

R Stephenson ◽

F Liu

Keyword(s):

Thick Film ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Fabrication Process ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Structural Vibration ◽

Dynamic Strain ◽

Vibration Sensors ◽

Piezoelectric Polymer ◽

Adverse Environments

This paper describes a programme of trials of thick-film dynamic strain sensors made using ‘piezoelectric paint’. The fabrication process is described and it is shown that the sensitivity is comparable with that of other thick-film sensors and the piezoelectric polymer polyvnylidenefluoride (PVDF). A series of dynamic and environmental tests is described. The dynamic range and bandwidth are shown to be suitable for structural vibration monitoring, and to be largely unaffected by adverse environments (rain, frost, sunlight, etc.).

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Bi-Dimensional Deflection Estimation by Embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings Sensors

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019015003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Palma ◽

Palumbo ◽

Pietra ◽

Canale ◽

Alviggi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽

Beam Theory ◽

Bragg Gratings ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Structural Monitoring ◽

Direct Measure ◽

Large Structure ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Classical Beam Theory

In this work, we present and discuss on the deflection estimation of a bi-dimensional panel by using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as strain sensors embedded in the structure and a method based on the classical beam theory. The existing difficulties in the direct measure of the deflection are overcome thanks to the proposed technique and a real-time indirect structural monitoring is possible both on small and large structure. In many tests the estimated deflection with the proposed method has been compared with direct deflection measurements obtained with a mechanical comparator showing good agreement. A resolution of few tens of microns over a surface of the order of 1 m2 has been reached.

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Study of Real-Time Monitoring System on the Underground Mining Activities Based on Explosion Source Location Technology

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1179 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 190-191 ◽

pp. 1179-1182

Author(s):

Xiu Zhi Meng ◽

Zeng Zhi Zhang ◽

Zong Sheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Underground Mining ◽

Coal Mines ◽

Source Location ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

P Waves ◽

Vibration Sensors

The mining boundary ultra-layer & cross-border of some small coal mines in the profit-driven results in a many of safety accidents, waste of resources and environmental damage while the state can not achieve the full uninterrupted supervision because of the backward monitoring tools and equipment. In this situation the real-time monitoring system for underground mining activities is designed based on explosion source location technology. Small and medium-sized coal mines tunnel by blasting operations. The P waves are picked up by acceleration vibration sensors buried underground that are identified and dealt by using wavelet transform. The bursting point is located by the Geiger algorithm and displayed in the mine’s electronic map. The monitor system has good stability, small positioning error by field-proven.

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Encoders, Switches and Other Electronic Components Utilizing New Thick Film Material Technology

10.4271/910494 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Richard E. Riley ◽

Daniel R. Sparks

Keyword(s):

Thick Film ◽

Film Material ◽

Electronic Components ◽

Material Technology

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Stability Observations and Surface Analysis of Air Fired Nickel Thick Film Conductors

ElectroComponent Science and Technology ◽

10.1155/apec.11.291 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. B. Pranchov ◽

D. S. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Thick Film ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Glass Phase ◽

Film Surface ◽

Peak Temperature ◽

Film Material ◽

Film Instability ◽

Isotropic Distribution ◽

Possible Cause ◽

High Instability

The results from an investigation of the properties of air fired Nickel thick film produced with conductive paste ESL 2554 on 96% Al2O3substrates are described. The analysis of the possible causes of instability of this thick film material has been done using the methods of surface analysis. The picture of the film surface structure obtained as a result of surface analysis shows a non-isotropic distribution of the metal and glass phase. For a firing peak temperature of 650℃ there is little nickel present at the film surface, and this could be the main cause of the high instability and low adhesion observed. To obtain a stable film the maximum firing peak temperature has been established at 580℃. This has been confirmed by comparing the surface analysis results from films prepared at 650℃ and 580℃ peak temperatures.The surface analysis of the substrate shows the presence of Silicon which may be considered as another possible cause of film instability.

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Effects of aspect ratio on the temperature coefficient of resistance matching and low frequency noise levels in thick film strain sensors

Microelectronics International ◽

10.1108/13565360110380107 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J.K. Atkinson ◽

R.P. Sion ◽

Z. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Temperature Coefficient ◽

Thick Film ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Frequency Noise ◽

Low Frequency Noise ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance

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Combining High Sensitivity and Dynamic Range: Wearable Thin-Film Composite Strain Sensors of Graphene, Ultrathin Palladium, and PEDOT:PSS

ACS Applied Nano Materials ◽

10.1021/acsanm.9b00174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 2222-2229 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Julian Ramírez ◽

Daniel Rodriquez ◽

Armando D. Urbina ◽

Anne M. Cardenas ◽

Darren J. Lipomi

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Film Composite ◽

Thin Film Composite ◽

Composite Strain

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Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19122661 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2661 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marco Maurizi ◽

Janko Slavič ◽

Filippo Cianetti ◽

Marko Jerman ◽

Joško Valentinčič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Effects ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Dynamic Measurements ◽

Static Calibration ◽

Sensory Element ◽

3D Printed ◽

Opening Up

3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain sensor was based on the conductive PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. The research was focused on dynamic measurements of the strain and considered the theoretical background of the piezoresistivity of conductive PLA materials, the temperature effects, the nonlinearities, the dynamic range, the electromagnetic sensitivity and the frequency range. A quasi-static calibration used in the dynamic measurements was proposed. It was shown that the temperature effects were negligible, the sensory element was linear as long as the structure had a linear response, the dynamic range started at ∼ 30 μ ϵ and broadband performance was in the range of few kHz (depending on the size of the printed sensor). The promising results support future applications of smart 3D-printed systems with embedded sensory elements being used for dynamic measurements in areas where currently piezo-crystal-based sensors are used.

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