Bore Polishing Wear in Diesel Engine Cylinders

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Nayak ◽  
P. A. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
M. K. Gajendra Babu ◽  
A. D. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Study Results

The rate of wear of the cylinder liner is mainly a function of peak cylinder pressure, the depth of penetration of hard carbon particles ingress during abusive running conditions. The problem of wear becomes severe as the blowby past the rings and the oil consumption of an engine increases in diesel engines. In this paper, a methodology is developed to estimate the wear of liner due to bore polishing action. The wear rate is correlated with the product of gaseous load, contact stress, and sliding action of the piston surfaces. Under abnormal conditions, the shear strain due to friction exceeds the plasticity limit of the material, superficial delamination occurs at the liner surfaces. The wear model was validated on large engines running on heavy fuel at 22-bar bmep. The case study results showed that by modifying the piston profile and liner geometry, and bore polishing of the liner surfaces is reduced and the engine oil consumption rate is improved substantially.

Abrasive Wear of Piston Grooves of Highly Loaded Diesel Engines

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Nayak ◽  
P. A. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
M. K. Gajendra Babu ◽  
A. D. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Groove Surface ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Hard Particles ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure

The rate of wear of piston grooves on the piston is mainly a function of the peak cylinder pressure, hardness, surface roughness, depth of penetration and the number of hard particles produced by combustion or entering past the air filter. The problem of wear becomes severe as the blowby past the rings and oil consumption of the engine increases in diesel engines. In this paper, an attempt is made to estimate the wear of piston grooves quantitatively. The wear rate is correlated with the product of gaseous load, amount of hard particles past the piston lands, radius of abrasive particles, and inversely with hardness of the groove surface. Under abnormal conditions, the shear strain due to friction exceeds the plasticity limit of the material and superficial delamination occurs at the groove surface. The model was validated on a large bore engine running on heavy fuel at 22-bar bmep and the abrasive wear predicted by other earlier models are discussed [7].

Wear Resistance of Smooth Automotive Cylinder Liner Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anderberg ◽  
S. Johansson ◽  
P. H. Nilsson ◽  
R. Ohlsson ◽  
B. G. Rose´n
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Smooth Cylinder ◽  
Liner Surface ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Cylinder Liners

Demands for decreased environmental impact from vehicles are resulting in a strong push for decreased engine oil, fuel consumption and weight. New machining and coating technologies have offered ways to attack these problems. Engine oil and fuel consumption are to a great extent controlled by the topography of the cylinder liner surface and it is therefore important to optimise this surface. Recent engine tests have shown a reduction in oil consumption when using cylinder liners with a smoother finish than that given by the current plateau honing. However, engine manufacturers are hesitant to introduce smoother liner surfaces because of fears of severe wear and scuffing. There is also the possibility that smoother liner surfaces may be more sensitive to the choice of piston ring finishes. This paper therefore seeks to investigate the functional performance and resistance to wear of these smooth cylinder liners and the mating top ring surfaces.

Effect of Injection Timing on Combustion, NOx, Particulate Matter and Soluble Organic Fraction Composition in a 2-Stroke Tier 0+ Locomotive Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Bohac ◽  
Eric Feiler ◽  
Ian Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Release Analysis ◽  
Soluble Organic Fraction ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Locomotive Engine ◽  
Effective Path

The effects of injection timing on combustion, NOx, PM mass and composition from a 2-stroke turbocharged Tier 0+ locomotive diesel engine are investigated in this study. Results provide insight into how injection timing affects combustion and emissions in this family of engine and identifies areas of potential future emissions reduction. For a range of injection timings at a medium load (notch 5) operating condition, the majority of PM mass is insolubles (81–89%), while the soluble component of PM (SOF) accounts for a smaller fraction (11–19%) of total PM mass. The SOF is 66–80% oil-like C22-C30+ hydrocarbons, with the remainder being fuel-like C9-C21 hydrocarbons. A heat release analysis is used to calculate mass fraction burned curves and elucidates how injection timing affects combustion. Retarding injection timing retards combustion phasing, decreases peak cylinder pressure and temperature, and increases expansion pressure and temperature. Results show that insolubles and fuel-like hydrocarbons increase, and oil-like hydrocarbons decrease with later injection timing. Analysis suggests that insolubles and fuel-like HC increase due to lower peak combustion temperature, while oil-like HC, which are distributed more widely throughout the cylinder, decrease due to higher expansion temperatures. The net result is that total PM mass increases with retarded combustion phasing, mostly due to increased insolubles. Considering the high fraction of insoluble PM (81–89%) at all injection timings tested at notch 5, steps taken to reduce PM elemental carbon should be the most effective path for future reductions in PM emissions. Further reductions in oil consumption may also reduce PM, but to a smaller extent.

Mechanism Research on Cylinder Liner Groove of the Ultrasonic Plateau-Honing

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Cheng ◽  
X.J. Zhu ◽  
Jian Qing Wang ◽  
Zhi Meng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Force Component ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Mechanism Research

Surface-supporting length ratio tp is one of the most important parameters to judge the cylinder liner’s surface quality, which has the obvious influence of on engine oil consumption, blow-by and wearing in. Effective peaks-cutted force has been studied, which is the force component of the supersonic platform honing surging force. It explained that the supersonic platform honing can combine the micro-honing and the platform honing, enhance the value of tp, which has the direct sense to the industrial practice.

PROCESSING AND IMAGING OF MARINE SEISMIC DATA FROM THE JEQUITINHONHA BASIN (BAHIA, BRAZIL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenildo W.B. Leite ◽  
J. Mann ◽  
Wildney W.S. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Present Case Study

ABSTRACT. The present case study results from a consistent processing and imaging of marine seismic data from a set collected over sedimentary basins of the East Brazilian Atlantic. Our general aim is... RESUMO. O presente artigo resulta de um processamento e imageamento consistentes de dados sísmicos marinhos de levantamento realizado em bacias sedimentares do Atlântico do Nordeste...

come_NET

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Aal ◽  
Anne Weibert ◽  
Kai Schubert ◽  
Mary-Ann Sprenger ◽  
Thomas Von Rekowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Neighborhood Contexts ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Computer Club ◽  
Close Cooperation

The case study presented in this chapter discusses the design and implementation of an online platform, “come_NET,” in the context of intercultural computer clubs in Germany. This tool was built in close cooperation with the children and adult computer club participants. It was designed to foster the sharing of ideas and experiences across distances, support collaboration, and make skills and expertise accessible to others in the local neighborhood contexts. In particular, the participatory-design process involving the children in the computer clubs fostered a profound understanding of the platform structure and functionalities. The study results show how younger children in particular were able to benefit, as the closed nature of the platform enabled them to gather experience as users of social media, but in a safe and controlled environment.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Remote Community Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie E. Filer ◽  
Justin D. Delorit ◽  
Andrew J. Hoisington ◽  
Steven J. Schuldt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Remote Community ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Study Results

Remote communities such as rural villages, post-disaster housing camps, and military forward operating bases are often located in remote and hostile areas with limited or no access to established infrastructure grids. Operating these communities with conventional assets requires constant resupply, which yields a significant logistical burden, creates negative environmental impacts, and increases costs. For example, a 2000-member isolated village in northern Canada relying on diesel generators required 8.6 million USD of fuel per year and emitted 8500 tons of carbon dioxide. Remote community planners can mitigate these negative impacts by selecting sustainable technologies that minimize resource consumption and emissions. However, the alternatives often come at a higher procurement cost and mobilization requirement. To assist planners with this challenging task, this paper presents the development of a novel infrastructure sustainability assessment model capable of generating optimal tradeoffs between minimizing environmental impacts and minimizing life-cycle costs over the community’s anticipated lifespan. Model performance was evaluated using a case study of a hypothetical 500-person remote military base with 864 feasible infrastructure portfolios and 48 procedural portfolios. The case study results demonstrated the model’s novel capability to assist planners in identifying optimal combinations of infrastructure alternatives that minimize negative sustainability impacts, leading to remote communities that are more self-sufficient with reduced emissions and costs.

scholarly journals Seaports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Terminal Operators’ Tactical Responses to Disruptions in Maritime Supply Chains

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Marta Mańkowska ◽  
Michał Pluciński ◽  
Izabela Kotowska ◽  
Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Tactical Decisions

The world-wide crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy functioning and the sustainable development of supply chains. The changes also affected seaports being the key links of maritime supply chains. The purpose of the research study described in this article was to identify the sources and kinds of disruptions observed in various maritime supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the operations of various types of seaport terminals, namely those serving bulk (universal, specialised) and general cargoes (universal, specialised). An additional purpose was to identify the dependencies between the type of terminal and its main function, and the tactical decisions adopted by the particular terminals. The research was carried out using the multiple-case study method. The study covered some selected port terminals functioning in Polish seaports (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Świnoujście), applying direct, semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis of the results was carried out using the inductive reasoning method. The research study has shown that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic some maritime supply chains ceased to exist, some of them were operating with decreased cargo volumes, while in other cases the transshipment volumes actually rose during the pandemic. Among terminal operators’ tactical responses to disruptions in maritime supply chains, there were pro-active and adaptive measures. Pro-active (offensive) measures included actions taken by an enterprise in order to engage in new maritime supply chains, and even participating in establishing new maritime chains in response to limitations caused by the pandemic. Adaptive (defensive) measures covered actions taken by the port terminals as a consequence of changes in the existing maritime supply chains, caused by the pandemic in the port’s foreland or hinterland. The research study results revealed that the terminals extent of engagement and tactical decisions related to the pandemic were depended on the type of terminal (universal or specialised) and its main function played within a supply chain.

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