Oil Recovery by In-Situ Gas Generation: Volume and Pressure Measurements

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Azizaga Kh. Shakhverdiyev ◽  
Geilani M. Panakhov ◽  
Eldar M. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Effect Of Water

The experimental studies were conducted to measure the volume and the pressure of the CO2 gas generated according to the new oil recovery technology. An experimental device was designed, built and used for these purposes. The designed setup allowed initiating and controlling the reaction between the “gas-yielding” (GY) and “gas-forming” (GF) agents proposed by this technology. The temperature was controlled, and the generated gas pressure and volume were recorded during the reaction process. The effect of water salinity on generated CO2 gas pressure and volume was investigated.

The Effect of Salinity on In-Situ Generated CO2 Gas: Simulations and Experiments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Coskun ◽  
Reid Grigg ◽  
Robert Svec ◽  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Dennis Siginer
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Brine Concentration

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has been used as a commercial process for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) since the 1970's. Recently, a new in-situ CO2 gas generation technology has been developed but not well studied. We conducted experiments to observe the dynamics of the system with different temperatures, injection sequences of chemical agents, chemical additives, and behavior of CO2 generation with respect to these varying factors and comparison of the actual CO2 pressure with the calculated values. Experiments on generation of CO2 gas as a result of reactions of gas forming and gas yielding solutions were carried out. It is shown that the injection sequence of the chemicals affects the reaction characteristics, but the total amount of CO2 gas generated does not vary significantly. Regardless of the injected solution (either gas forming or gas yielding) the maximum attainable pressures are less than the calculated pressures as a result of chemical equilibrium in the system; so this difference should be considered while calculating the size of the slug in the field applications. The brine concentration has an impact on CO2 solubility in water and so on CO2 pressure. Because of this impact, brine concentration of formation water should be considered in addition to the brine which is introduced to the system by the reaction.

Hydrodynamic Simulation and Optimization of an Oil Skimmer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyu Ni ◽  
Wei Qiu ◽  
Anran Zhang ◽  
David Prior
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vacuum Tower ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Oil Water

Oil spills can cause severe environmental damage. In-situ burning or chemical dispersant methods can be used in many situations; however these methods are highly toxic and fail in slightly rough seas. In-situ burning also has to begin very quickly before the lighter, flammable components in the oil evaporate. Oil recovery techniques have also been developed to recover oil using skimmer equipment installed in ships. The challenges arise when a vessel is operated in heavy sea and current conditions. An oil skimmer has recently been developed by the Extreme Spill Technology (EST) Inc. for automated oil recovery using a vacuum device installed in a vessel. Initial tests have shown that the prototype vessel is efficient in oil recovery and it can potentially achieve high recovery efficiency in rough seas of both deepwater and shallow water. The paper presents the numerical and experimental studies of the hydrodynamic performance of the vacuum tower installed in the oil skimmer developed by EST. The process of oil recovery by the vacuum mechanism is very complicated and involves multi-phase and multi-scale moving interfaces, including oil, water, atmospheric air and attenuate compressible air on the top part of the vacuum tower, and moving interface of oil slick, oil droplets and air bubbles of different scales. The recovery process was simplified into a three-phase flow problem involving oil, water and air and simulated by using a CFD method. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to capture the moving surfaces between the fluid phases. Model tests were carried out to simulate the oil recovery process. Numerical results were compared with the experimental data. Studies were also extended to optimize the geometry of the tower for maximum oil recovery.

A new dynamic framework with direct in situ visualisation of breathing under CO2 gas pressure

CrystEngComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 3415-3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phumile Sikiti ◽  
Charl X. Bezuidenhout ◽  
Dewald P. van Heerden ◽  
Leonard J. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dynamic Framework

Structural evidence from in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals flexibility in a new non-interpenetrated pillared-layer MOF that switches between a wide-pore and a narrow-pore form.

In situ steam and nitrogen gas generation by thermochemical fluid Injection: A new approach for heavy oil recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 112203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Olalekan S. Alade ◽  
Mohamed Hamdy ◽  
Shirish Patil ◽  
Esmail M.A. Mokheimer
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Heavy Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
New Approach

Polymer/Surfactant Effects on Generated Volume and Pressure of CO2 in EOR Technology

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Azizaga Kh. Shakhverdiyev ◽  
Geilani M. Panakhov ◽  
Eldar M. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Alternative Scheme ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Water Solutions

Dense phase gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, light hydrocarbons, etc.) are used to develop miscibility with crude oil in enhanced oil recovery processes. Due to the certain reasons, carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding is considered the fastest-growing improved oil recovery method. However, due to the low viscosity of dense CO2, displacement front instabilities and a premature CO2 breakthrough is observed in many cases. An alternative scheme to the traditional methods of oil recovery by injection of carbon dioxide gas is the technology developed by the NMT, IGDFF and IMM, which proposes in-situ CO2 generation as a result of the thermochemical reaction between water solutions of the gas-forming (FG) and gas-yielding (GY) chemical agents injected to the productive horizons. This technique excludes CO2 injection from surface communication systems and does not require expensive delivery equipment. This process allows avoiding many negative consequences of CO2 injection technology. Based on the in-situ CO2 generation concept, several new technological schemes were developed in order to provide an integrative effect on the productive horizons. In this paper we present the results of the experimental studies on effect of polymer and surfactant additives on generated CO2 miscibility. The solutions of gas-yielding (GY) agent with different concentrations of surfactants and polymer additives were used as a reacting agent in these laboratory studies. Within the limits of the experimental conditions stochiometric reactions between gas-yielding (GY) and gas-forming (GF) water solutions were simulated. The tests were conducted on the experimental set up designed and built for these purposes. In the first series of experiments a polyacrylamide was added to the gas-yielding (GY) agent in the concentrations 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt.%. A dynamics of the pressure changes during stoichiometric reaction was recorded. It is shown that the pressure of the generated CO2 gas significantly depends on concentration of the polymer additive and, as a consequence, on viscosity of the water solution. It slightly depends on the concentration of the surfactant added to the GY reactant.

IN SITU AND PILOT ORGAN PERFUSION TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLIC DYNAMICS

1972 ◽  
Vol 68 (2_Supplb) ◽  
pp. S9-S25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Urquhart ◽  
Nancy Keller
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Organ Perfusion ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Vascular Connections

ABSTRACT Two techniques for organ perfusion with blood are described which provide a basis for exploring metabolic or endocrine dynamics. The technique of in situ perfusion with autogenous arterial blood is suitable for glands or small organs which receive a small fraction of the animal's cardiac output; thus, test stimulatory or inhibitory substances can be added to the perfusing blood and undergo sufficient dilution in systemic blood after passage through the perfused organ so that recirculation does not compromise experimental control over test substance concentration in the perfusate. Experimental studies with the in situ perfused adrenal are described. The second technique, termed the pilot organ method, is suitable for organs which receive a large fraction of the cardiac output, such as the liver. Vascular connections are made between the circulation of an intact, anaesthetized large (> 30 kg) dog and the liver of a small (< 3 kg) dog. The small dog's liver (pilot liver) is excised and floated in a bath of canine ascites, and its venous effluent is continuously returned to the large dog. Test substances are infused into either the hepatic artery or portal vein of the pilot liver, but the small size of the pilot liver and its blood flow in relation to the large dog minimize recirculation effects. A number of functional parameters of the pilot liver are described.

scholarly journals Cyclic Subcritical Water Injection into Bazhenov Oil Shale: Geochemical and Petrophysical Properties Evolution Due to Hydrothermal Exposure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4570
Author(s):  
Aman Turakhanov ◽  
Albina Tsyshkova ◽  
Elena Mukhina ◽  
Evgeny Popov ◽  
Darya Kalacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Geochemical Parameters

In situ shale or kerogen oil production is a promising approach to developing vast oil shale resources and increasing world energy demand. In this study, cyclic subcritical water injection in oil shale was investigated in laboratory conditions as a method for in situ oil shale retorting. Fifteen non-extracted oil shale samples from Bazhenov Formation in Russia (98 °C and 23.5 MPa reservoir conditions) were hydrothermally treated at 350 °C and in a 25 MPa semi-open system during 50 h in the cyclic regime. The influence of the artificial maturation on geochemical parameters, elastic and microstructural properties was studied. Rock-Eval pyrolysis of non-extracted and extracted oil shale samples before and after hydrothermal exposure and SARA analysis were employed to analyze bitumen and kerogen transformation to mobile hydrocarbons and immobile char. X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) was performed to characterize the microstructural properties of pore space. The results demonstrated significant porosity, specific pore surface area increase, and the appearance of microfractures in organic-rich layers. Acoustic measurements were carried out to estimate the alteration of elastic properties due to hydrothermal treatment. Both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio decreased due to kerogen transformation to heavy oil and bitumen, which remain trapped before further oil and gas generation, and expulsion occurs. Ultimately, a developed kinetic model was applied to match kerogen and bitumen transformation with liquid and gas hydrocarbons production. The nonlinear least-squares optimization problem was solved during the integration of the system of differential equations to match produced hydrocarbons with pyrolysis derived kerogen and bitumen decomposition.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of C. I. P.-compatible dynamic pressure measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
Oliver Slanina ◽  
Susanne Quabis ◽  
Robert Wynands
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Minimum Pressure ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Dynamic Pressure Measurements

AbstractTo ensure the safety of users like hunters and sports shooters, the dynamic pressure inside an ammunition cartridge must not exceed a maximum value. We have investigated the reproducibility of the dynamic measurement of the gas pressure inside civilian ammunition cartridges during firing, when following the rules formulated by the Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms (C. I. P.). We find an in-house spread of 0.8 % between maximum and minimum pressure for runs with the same barrel and of 1.8 % among a set of three barrels. This sets a baseline for the expected agreement in measurement comparisons between different laboratories. Furthermore, a difference of more than 3 % is found in a preliminary study of the influence of ammunition storage conditions.

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