Factors for Improving Reliability in Large Industrial Gas Turbines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
K. Akagi ◽  
S. Nishimura ◽  
Y. Fukuizumi ◽  
V. Kallianpur
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

The use of aero engine design methods and experience including higher temperature materials and protective coatings have significantly increased thermal efficiency, and output capability of large industrial gas turbines such as the F, G and H class. As a result the gas path components operate at much higher gas temperatures over significantly longer maintenance intervals, as compared to aero engine experience. Therefore, it is essential that the hardware durability can effectively endure longer periods of attack by oxidation, creep and fatigue because of longer operating intervals between scheduled maintenance periods. Another factor that has become increasingly important is the need for greater flexibility in power plant operation. Specifically, the power plants must operate reliably under more frequent cyclic operation, including partial load cycling. This is in addition to the normal dispatch cycle of the power plant (i.e. daily-start-stop, weekly-start-stop, etc). Gas Turbine reliability is directly dependent on hardware performance and durability. Therefore, the gas turbine must have sufficient design margin to sustain the synergistic effect of higher firing temperature, and the operational challenges associated with greater partial load cycling. This paper discusses Mitsubishi’s approach for achieving the above mentioned objectives so that the overarching goals of higher reliability and durability of hot components are achieved in large advanced gas turbines.

Enhancing Reliability and Reducing O&M Expenditures in Advanced Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kallianpur ◽  
E. Akita ◽  
Y. Tsukuda
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
The Us ◽  
Aero Engine

Explosive growth in power plants in the US and elsewhere is occurring through combined cycle advanced gas turbine technology. Significant fuel expenditure savings are possible through such technology. Much of the recent advances have been possible through the transfer of aero engine design tools, elevated temperature materials, coatings, and sealing technologies. A balanced approach that melds the aero engine technologies and longstanding field experience from large industrial frame gas turbines is key to ensuring Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Durability (RAM-D) design objectives are met. Future costs associated with power generation and distribution with these advanced gas turbine combined cycle power plants will undoubtedly be driven by major decisions of OEMs pertaining to design and validation approach, material selection, reparability, design criteria, and design features for quicker maintainability. In this paper, MHI’s approach for enhancing RAM-D performance and reducing O&M expenditures of advanced combined cycle gas turbines are described.

Strength Design and Reliability Evaluation of a Hybrid Ceramic Stator Vane for Industrial Gas Turbines

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakakado ◽  
T. Machida ◽  
H. Miyata ◽  
T. Hisamatsu ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Strength Design ◽  
Stator Vane ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

Employing ceramic materials for the critical components of industrial gas turbines is anticipated to improve the thermal efficiency of power plants. We developed a first-stage stator vane for a 1300°C class, 20-MW industrial gas turbine. This stator vane has a hybrid ceramic/metal structure, to increase the strength reliability of brittle ceramic parts, and to reduce the amount of cooling air needed for metal parts as well. The strength design results of a ceramic main part are described. Strength reliability evaluation results are also provided based on a cascade test using combustion gas under actual gas turbine running conditions.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the anti-icing system for the ship propulsion plant with gas turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
George Iulian Balan ◽  
Octavian Narcis Volintiru ◽  
Ionut Cristian Scurtu ◽  
Florin Ioniță ◽  
Mirela Letitia Vasile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Vessels that have navigation routes in areas with ambient temperatures that can drop below + 5 [°C], with a relative humidity of over 65%, will have implemented technical solutions for monitoring and combating ice accumulations in the intake routes of gas turbine power plants. Because gas turbines are not designed and built to allow the admission of foreign objects (in this case - ice), it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of ice through anti-icing systems and not to melt ice through defrost systems. Naval anti-icing systems may have as a source of energy flow compressed air, supersaturated steam, exhaust gases, electricity or a combination of those listed. The monitoring and optimization of the operation of the anti-icing system gives the gas turbine power plant an operation as close as possible to the normal regimes stipulated in the ship's construction or retrofit specification.

Requirements for Gas Turbine Inlet Systems in Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagir R. Nigmatulin ◽  
Vladimir E. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Russian power generation, oil and gas businesses are rapidly growing. Installation of new industrial gas turbines is booming to fulfill the demand from economic growth. Russia is a unique country from the annual temperature variation point of view. Some regions may reach up to 100C. One of the biggest challenges for world producers of gas turbines in Russia is the ability to operate products at power plants during cold winters, when ambient temperature might be −60C for a couple of weeks in a row. The reliability and availability of the equipment during the cold season is very critical. Design of inlet systems and filter houses for the Russian market, specifically for northern regions, has a lot of specifics and engineering challenges. Joint Stock Company CKTI is the biggest Russian supplier of air intake systems for industrial gas turbines and axial-flow compressors. In 1969 this enterprise designed and installed the first inlet for the power plant Dagskaya GRES (State Regional Electric Power Plant) with the first 100MW gas-turbine which was designed and manufactured by LMZ. Since the late 1960s CKTI has designed and manufactured inlet systems for the world market and been the main supplier for the Russian market. During the last two years CKTI has designed inlet systems for a broad variety of gas turbine engines ranging from 24MW up to 110MW turbines which are used for power generation and as a mechanical drive for the oil and gas industry. CKTI inlet systems with filtering devices or houses are successfully used in different climate zones including the world’s coldest city Yakutsk and hot Nigeria. CKTI has established CTQs (Critical to quality) and requirements for industrial gas turbine inlet systems which will be installed in Russia in different climate zones for all types of energy installations. The last NPI project of the inlet system, including a nonstandard layout, was done for a small gas-turbine engine which is installed on a railway cart. This arrangement is designed to clean railway lines with the exhaust jet in a quarry during the winter. The design of the inlet system with efficient multistage compressor extraction for deicing, dust and snow resistance has an interesting solution. The detailed description of challenges, weather requirements, calculations, losses, and design methodologies to qualify the system for tough requirements, are described in the paper.

The Diesel Engine to Compete with the Gas Turbine in the Large Commercial Vehicle Field

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Broome
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
General Study ◽  
Technical Interest

The interest in gas turbines as power plants for future heavy commercial vehicles has promoted a general study of power plant requirements for this application over the next decade, including likely demand and power levels. With this as a guide, trends in the development of the diesel engine are examined, and predictions made of speeds, mean brake effective pressures and configurations which might result. Some areas of technical interest are discussed. It is concluded that the diesel will continue to meet operator requirements in the period considered, and will remain fully competitive with alternatives.

Introducing the 1S.W501G Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Reference Power Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Engelbert ◽  
Joseph J. Fadok ◽  
Robert A. Fuller ◽  
Bernd Lueneburg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Driven by the requirements of the US electric power market, the suppliers of power plants are challenged to reconcile both plant efficiency and operating flexibility. It is also anticipated that the future market will require more power plants with increased power density by means of a single gas turbine based combined-cycle plant. Paramount for plant efficiency is a highly efficient gas turbine and a state-of-the-art bottoming cycle, which are well harmonized. Also, operating and dispatch flexibility requires a bottoming cycle that has fast start, shutdown and cycling capabilities to support daily start and stop cycles. In order to meet these requirements the author’s company is responding with the development of the single-shaft 1S.W501G combined-cycle power plant. This nominal 400MW class plant will be equipped with the highly efficient W501G gas turbine, hydrogen-cooled generator, single side exhausting KN steam turbine and a Benson™ once-through heat recovery steam generator (Benson™-OT HRSG). The single-shaft 1S.W501G design will allow the plant not only to be operated economically during periods of high demand, but also to compete in the traditional “one-hour-forward” trading market that is served today only by simple-cycle gas turbines. By designing the plant with fast-start capability, start-up emissions, fuel and water consumption will be dramatically reduced. This Reference Power Plant (RPP) therefore represents a logical step in the evolution of combined-cycle power plant designs. It combines both the experiences of the well-known 50Hz single-shaft 1S.V94.3A plant with the fast start plant features developed for the 2.W501F multi-shaft RPP. The paper will address results of the single-shaft 1S.W501G development program within the authors’ company.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

The Diesel Engine to Compete with the Gas Turbine in the Large Commercial Vehicle Field

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Broome
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
General Study ◽  
Technical Interest

The interest in gas turbines as power plants for future heavy commercial vehicles has promoted a general study of power plant requirements for this application over the next decade, including likely demand and power levels. With this as a guide, trends in the development of the diesel engine are examined, and predictions made of speeds, mean brake effective pressures and configurations which might result. Some areas of technical interest are discussed. It is concluded that the diesel will continue to meet operator requirements in the period considered, and will remain fully competitive with alternatives.

Cycle Optimisation Using an Advanced, Real Engine Performance Prediction Model

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Coppinger ◽  
Graham Cox ◽  
John Hannis ◽  
Nigel Cox
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Integer Number ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Technology Level

A whole gas-turbine engine model has been developed incorporating all of the key turbomachinery aerothermal relationships. The aim of the model has been to predict trends in gas-turbine performance with a high degree of confidence that they reflect real engine design limitations. Simple cycles, recuperated, inter-cooled, and inter-cooled recuperated cycles can be assessed across a wide of range of operating parameters. The model is spreadsheet-based with additional macro programming. The major part of it is concerned with establishing representative overall turbine characteristics. A non-integer number of stages is determined as a function of technology level inputs. Individual stage geometry features are derived allowing the calculation of the coolant requirements and efficiencies. The results of various studies are presented for a number of cycle types. The resulting trends are believed to be sensible because of the realistic turbine features. Confidence in the method is established by the modelling of a number of existing industrial gas turbines.

The Development of Gas Turbine Power Plants for Traction Purposes in Germany

1947 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Type ◽  
Salient Features

The simpler and cheaper construction, and the prospect of using fuel of low quality and of considerably increasing the power-to-weight and power-to-volume ratios of the power unit, led the Germans towards the end of the war to investigate the possibility of using gas turbines for land traction units. It was expected by them that they would be able to employ this new type of power plant for a variety of ground traction purposes, but, owing to their total national mobilization, the most important immediate applications they had in mind were for war purposes. It is considered that the information obtained and given in this paper may prove a useful background when considering the possibilities of future development of gas turbine power plants. The various arrangements possible, using either one single turbine, or separate turbines to drive the compressor and provide the output of useful work, were considered by the Germans and a résumé is therefore made of the characteristics of each. In addition, the salient features of the components—compressor, turbines, and combustion chamber—and their development for the purposes which the Germans had in mind, are given.

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