Management Strategies for a Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmario L. Arnulfi ◽  
Martino Marini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Turbo Expander

Energy storage can balance supply and demand over different time scales, with technical and economical benefits. In the present paper, commercial gas turbines, just modified for storage purposes, are considered. The possibility to improve their profitability in an utility perspective is investigated. The adopted strategy is based on a fair mix of different working states (charging, discharging, stand by or mere Brayton cycle operation), according to the instant energy market price, the previous history (storage level) and the plant features (reservoir and GT size). A simple mathematical model of the plant was conceived and a dynamic self-adjusting abacus was developed in order to select a suitable sequence of working ways. The expected results consist in the improvement of the daily cash flow and in the peak power augmentation. Both of them are due to the chance of exploiting a turbo expander not loaded with the compressor driving during the hours when energy price is the highest.

scholarly journals Assessing the Benefits of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Regulation, Based on Electricity Market Price Forecasting

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Eunjung Lee ◽  
Jinho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Energy Storage Systems

In electricity markets, energy storage systems (ESSs) have been widely used to regulate frequency in power system operations. Frequency regulation (F/R) relates to the short-term reserve power used to balance the real-time mismatch of supply and demand. Every alternating current power system has its own unique standard frequency level, and frequency variation occurs whenever there is a mismatch of supply and demand. To cope with frequency variation, generating units—particularly base-loader generators—reduce their power outputs to a certain level, and the reduced generation outputs are used as a generation reserve whenever frequency variation occurs in the power systems. ESSs have recently been implemented as an innovative means of providing the F/R reserve previously provided by base-loader generators, because they are much faster in responding to frequency variation than conventional generators. We assess the economic benefits of ESSs for F/R, based on a new forecast of long-term electricity market price and real power system operation characteristics. For this purpose, we present case studies with respect to the South Korean electricity market as well as simulation results featuring key variables, along with their implications vis-à-vis electricity market operations.

Performance Evaluation of a Gas Turbine Operating Noncontinuously with its Inlet Air Cooled Through an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Behafarid ◽  
Mehdi N. Bahadori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Cooling Methods

The power output of gas turbines (GT) reduces greatly with the increase of the inlet air temperature. This is a serious problem because gas turbines have been used traditionally to provide electricity during the peak power demands, and the peak power demands in many areas occur on summer afternoons. An aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) was employed for cooling of the inlet air of the GT. Water from a confined aquifer was cooled in winter and was injected back into the aquifer. The stored chilled water was withdrawn in summer to cool the GT inlet air. The heated water was then injected back into the aquifer. A 20MW GT power plant with 6 and 12h of operation per day, along with a two-well aquifer, was considered for analysis. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the GT performance improvement. The conventional inlet air cooling methods such as evaporative cooling, fogging and absorption refrigeration were studied and compared with the ATES system. It was shown that for 6h of operation per day, the power output and efficiency of the GT on the warmest day of the year could be increased from 16.5 to 19.7MW and from 31.8% to 34.2%, respectively. The performance of the ATES system was the best among the cooling methods considered on the warmest day of the year. The use of ATES is a viable option for the increase of gas turbines power output and efficiency, provided that suitable confined aquifers are available at their sites. Air cooling in ATES is not dependent on the wet-bulb temperature and therefore can be used in humid areas. This system can also be used in combined cycle power plants.

scholarly journals Fault-Tolerant Control in a Peak-Power Reduction System of a Traction Substation with Multi-String Battery Energy Storage System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4565
Author(s):  
Marcin Szott ◽  
Marcin Jarnut ◽  
Jacek Kaniewski ◽  
Łukasz Pilimon ◽  
Szymon Wermiński
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Traction Substation ◽  
Battery Energy

This paper introduces the concept of fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a multi-string battery energy storage system (BESS) in the dynamic reduction system of a traction substation load (DROPT). The major task of such a system is to reduce the maximum demand for contracted peak power, averaged for 15 min. The proposed concept, based on a multi-task control algorithm, takes into account: a three-threshold power limitation of the traction substation, two-level reduction of available power of a BESS and a multi-string structure of a BESS. It ensures the continuity of the maximum peak power demand at the contracted level even in the case of damage or disconnection of at least one chain of cells of the battery energy storage (BES) or at least one converter of the power conversion system (PCS). The proposed control strategy has been tested in a model of the system for dynamic reduction of traction substation load with a rated power of 5.5 MW. Two different BESS implementations have been proposed and several possible cases of failure of operations have been investigated. The simulation results have shown that the implementation of a multi-string BESS and an appropriate control algorithm (FTC) may allow for maintenance of the major assumption of DROPT, which is demanded power reduction (from 3.1 MW to 0.75 MW), even with a reduction of the BESS available power by at least 25% and more in the even in fault cases.

Flywheel energy storage systems and their applications in power engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir Poltavets ◽  
Irina Kolchanova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Continuous Growth

The continuous growth of renewable energy sources has drastically changed the paradigm of electric energy generation and distribution. Flywheel energy storage systems are a clean and efficient method to level supply and demand in energy grids, including those incorporating renewable energy generation. Environmental safety, resilience, high power capacity and quality make flywheel energy storage very promising. This paper contains a review of flywheel energy storage systems, already being in operation, and applications of flywheel energy storage in general.

scholarly journals A CVaR-Robust Risk Aversion Scheduling Model for Virtual Power Plants Connected with Wind-Photovoltaic-Hydropower-Energy Storage Systems, Conventional Gas Turbines and Incentive-Based Demand Responses

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Ju ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Qinliang Tan ◽  
Zhongfu Tan ◽  
GejiriFu De
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Scheduling Model

To make full use of distributed energy resources to meet load demand, this study aggregated wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic power generation (PV), small hydropower stations (SHSs), energy storage systems (ESSs), conventional gas turbines (CGTs) and incentive-based demand responses (IBDRs) into a virtual power plant (VPP) with price-based demand response (PBDR). Firstly, a basic scheduling model for the VPP was proposed in this study with the objective of the maximum operation revenue. Secondly, a risk aversion model for the VPP was constructed based on the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method and robust optimization theory considering the operating risk from WPP and PV. Thirdly, a solution methodology was constructed and three cases were considered for comparative analyses. Finally, an independent micro-grid on an industrial park in East China was utilized for an example analysis. The results show the following: (1) the proposed risk aversion scheduling model could cope with the uncertainty risk via a reasonable confidence degree β and robust coefficient Γ. When Γ ≤ 0.85 or Γ ≥ 0.95, a small uncertainty brought great risk, indicating that the risk attitude of the decision maker will affect the scheduling scheme of the VPP, and the decision maker belongs to the risk extreme aversion type. When Γ ∈ (0.85, 0.95), the decision-making scheme was in a stable state, the growth of β lead to the increase of CVaR, but the magnitude was not large. When the prediction error e was higher, the value of CVaR increased more when Γ increased by the same magnitude, which indicates that a lower prediction accuracy will amplify the uncertainty risk. (2) when the capacity ratio of (WPP, PV): ESS was higher than 1.5:1 and the peak-to-valley price gap was higher than 3:1, the values of revenue, VaR, and CVaR changed slower, indicating that both ESS and PBDR can improve the operating revenue, but the capacity scale of ESS and the peak-valley price gap need to be set properly, considering both economic benefits and operating risks. Therefore, the proposed risk aversion model could maximize the utilization of clean energy to obtain higher economic benefits while rationally controlling risks and provide reliable decision support for developing optimal operation plans for the VPP.

scholarly journals A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Food Loss in Glasshouse-Grown Tomatoes

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Margaret Thorsen ◽  
Miranda Mirosa ◽  
Sheila Skeaff
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Key Industry

Reducing food loss and waste (FLW) is one strategy to limit the environmental impact of the food supply chain. Australian data suggest that primary production accounts for 31% of national FLW, but there are no comparable data in New Zealand. This study aimed to measure food loss and explore food loss drivers for one of New Zealand’s largest tomato growers by weighing and visually assessing tomato losses at the glasshouse, packhouse and sales warehouse. Qualitative interviews were also held with the grower (n = 3), employees (n = 10), and key industry stakeholders (n = 8). Total food loss for this greenhouse tomato grower was 16.9% of marketed yield, consisting of 13.9% unharvested tomatoes, 2.8% rejected at the glasshouse and 0.3% rejected at the packhouse. The grower’s tomato loss predominantly resulted from commercial factors such as market price, competitor activity and supply and demand. Similar issues were recognized throughout the New Zealand horticulture sector. Commercial factors, in particular, are challenging to address, and collaboration throughout the supply chain will be required to help growers reduce food losses.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cutback Management Strategy in Financial Sustainability in the Public Sector in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiqah Humaira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Cutback Management ◽  
Directorate General

There are many literature reviews that write about the causes and expected consequences of an environmental, social, and economic crisis. It should be remembered that the role of the public sector is critical to overcoming crises, to promoting sustainable development and to managing the balance between supply and demand for public services. This qualitative research takes a case study approach to public agencies under the Ministry of Finance, namely the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. This study aims to explain financial sustainability in public bodies during the COVID-19 pandemic, and explain cutback management strategies indicated through refocusing carried out by government agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as explain the relationship between cutback management and financial sustainability which is significantly directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis show that there are differences in the financial sustainability of Customs and Excise during the pandemic, namely in terms of state revenues, it certainly changes (decreases) in terms of tax revenues, import duties, and excise. Then identified indicators of cutback strategies at Customs and Excise, and there is a conceptual link between financial sustainability, the COVID-19 pandemic and cutback management strategies.

scholarly journals Preliminary prospects of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) based on a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Astrid Senta Edel ◽  
František Hrdlička ◽  
Václav Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Weather Changes

As part of the change towards a higher deployment of renewable energy sources, which naturally deliver energy intermittently, the need for energy storage systems is increasing. For compensation of disturbance in power production due to inter-day to seasonal weather changes, long-term energy storage is required. In the spectrum of storage systems, one out of a few geographically independent possibilities is the storage of electricity in heat, so-called Carnot-Batteries. This paper presents a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) system based on a recuperated supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. The modelled system provides a round-trip efficiency of 38.9%.

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