Matching of Gas Turbines and Centrifugal Compressors: Oil and Gas Industry Practice

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Taher ◽  
Cyrus Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Selection Of

Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are widely used in the oil and gas industry. In evaluating the optimum selection of gas turbine drivers for centrifugal compressors, one of the main objectives should be to verify proper integration and matching of the centrifugal compressor to its gas turbine driver. Gas turbines are of standard designs, while centrifugal compressors are specifically designed to meet customer requirements. The purchaser should clearly specify process requirements and define possible operating scenarios for the entire life of the gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor train. Process requirements defined by the purchaser, will be used by the compressor designer to shape the aero-thermodynamic behavior of the compressor and characterize compressor performance. When designing a centrifugal compressor to be driven by a specific gas turbine, other design requirements are automatically introduced to centrifugal compressor design. Off-design performance, optimum power turbine speeds at site conditions as well as optimum power margin required for a future-oriented design must all be considered. Design and off-design performance of the selected gas turbine at site conditions influences the final selection of a properly matched centrifugal compressor design. In order to evaluate different designs and select the most technically viable solution, the purchaser should have a clear understanding of the factors influencing a proper match for a centrifugal compressor and its gas turbine driver. This paper discusses criteria for evaluating the most efficient combination of a centrifugal compressor and its gas turbine driver as an integral package from a purchaser’s viewpoint. It also addresses API standard requirements on gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors.

Matching of Synchronous Motors and Centrifugal Compressors: Oil and Gas Industry Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Taher ◽  
Dragan Ristanovic ◽  
Cyrus Meher-Homji ◽  
Pradeep Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive ◽  
Synchronous Motors

Abstract Synchronous motor driven centrifugal compressors are widely used in the oil and gas industry. In evaluating the optimum selection of synchronous motor drivers for centrifugal compressors, it is important to understand the factors influencing a proper match for a centrifugal compressor and its synchronous motor driver. The buyer should specify process requirements and define possible operating scenarios for the entire life of the motor driven centrifugal compressor train. The compressor designer will use the buyer-specified process conditions to model the aerothermodynamic behavior of the compressor and characterize its performance. Performance, controllability, starting capabilities as well as the optimum power margin required for a future-oriented design must also be considered. This paper reviews the criteria for evaluating the optimal combination of a centrifugal compressor and its synchronous motor driver as an integral package. It also addresses API standard requirements on synchronous motor driven centrifugal compressors. Design considerations for optimal selection and proper sizing of compressor drivers include large starting torque requirements to enable compressor start from settle-out conditions and to prevent flaring are addressed. Start-up capabilities of the motor driver can significantly impact the reliability and operability of the compressor train. API 617 on centrifugal compressors refers to API 546 for synchronous motor drivers. In this paper, requirements of API 617 and 546 are reviewed and several important design and sizing requirements are presented. In the effort to optimize plant design, and maintain the performance requirements, the paper discusses optimization options, such as direct on-line starting method to explore the motor rating limits, and the use of synchronous motors for power factor correction to eliminate or reduce the need for reactive power compensation by capacitor banks. This paper presents a novel approach to show constant reactive power lines on traditional V curves. It also complements capability curves of synchronous motors with lines of constant efficiency. The paper discusses variable frequency drive options currently used for synchronous motors in compressor applications. The paper addresses the available variable frequency drive types, their impact on the electrical grid, and motor design considerations with a view to summarizing factors important to the selection of variable frequency drives.

Case Study of a Gas Turbine Chronic Failure at Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. AlKhudhayr ◽  
Abdulrahman M. AlAdel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry

Abstract A gas turbine is a reliable type of rotating equipment, utilized in various applications. It is well known in power generation and aviation. In the oil and gas industry, gas turbines are utilized in locations with limited electrical power or a high power driven load requirement, such as offshore or a high-rated power 20MW compressor. Five gas turbines are used as mechanical drive equipment. After a few years of operation, the gas turbines were experiencing high operating temperatures in bearings, turbine compartments, high spread temperature, and the presence of smoke in the exhaust. During a major overhaul of the turbines, oil was found to have accumulated internally in the wrapper casing, along with damage to several internal combustion components. In one case, the exhaust casing experienced severe damage with deformation. This paper presents a case study of a gas turbine failure and its contributors. The paper explains the mitigated solution to overcome the challenges related to the gas turbine operation, maintenance, and machine design.

scholarly journals Optimization of compressor stations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 668-674
Author(s):  
Kurz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Planning And Operation

Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are a mainstay in the oil and gas industry for upstream and midstream applications. For an increased effort to reduce greenhouse gases, one of the most promising efforts is the increase in operational efficiency. For the applications in the oil and gas industry, the efficiency increase come from increased equipment efficiency, or from increased operational efficiency. This paper is about increasing operational efficiency. The discussion will lead from the operational characteristics of gas turbine driven compressors to the characteristics of the application, and ways in planning and operation to optimize the system.

Performance Degradation Monitoring of Centrifugal Compressors Using Deviation Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahrizal Jasmani ◽  
Thomas Van Hardeveld ◽  
Mohd Faizal Bin Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Deviation Analysis ◽  
Degradation Monitoring

Performance degradation monitoring of centrifugal compressor provides a means for the operators predict the behavior of their machines. Understanding the key principles in performance evaluation is essential for operators to benefit from this approach. In this paper, common performance degradation mechanisms found in centrifugal compressors for the oil and gas industry are outlined and related to their associated performance characteristics. Various analysis and evaluation techniques and approaches are elaborated with relevant requirements and assumptions for practical site application. A case study is also presented to demonstrate the application of performance degradation monitoring in a real-life operating environment. The benefits and limitations of the approach are also discussed. When combined with other condition monitoring approaches, this method provides a powerful tool to analyze and monitor centrifugal compressor performance which will then lead to useful recommendations for maintenance and operational interventions.

A reinforcement learning approach to optimal part flow management for gas turbine maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Michele Compare ◽  
Luca Bellani ◽  
Enrico Cobelli ◽  
Enrico Zio ◽  
Francesco Annunziata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Maintenance Process

We consider the maintenance process of gas turbines used in the Oil and Gas industry: the capital parts are first removed from the gas turbines and replaced by parts of the same type taken from the warehouse; then, they are repaired at the workshop and returned to the warehouse for use in future maintenance events. Experience-based rules are used to manage the flow of the parts for a profitable gas turbine operation. In this article, we formalize the part flow management as a sequential decision problem and propose reinforcement learning for its solution. An application to a scaled-down case study derived from real industrial practice shows that reinforcement learning can find policies outperforming those based on experience-based rules.

Kongsberg Gas Turbines Through Fifty Years: A Review of the Products and the History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Naess
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
New Business ◽  
Emergency Power

In 1964 Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk AS decided to develop a small gas turbine for power generation, primarily for stand-by and emergency power. The engine was called the KG2 and had a unique all radial rotor design which was to become the trade mark for the later Kongsberg designs. The onset of the oil exploration in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea in the 1970’s gave the new business an opportunity to qualify for continuous drive applications and to expand into the international oil- and gas industry. In the following years a larger engine, the KG5, was launched and a third engine program was initiated, but never completed. The gas turbine know-how that was established in Kongsberg in these years was of great significance to the overall Norwegian gas turbine competence environment and was a deciding factor when Dresser-Rand first partnered with and later, in 1987, acquired the business. Under the new ownership the company became able to offer compressor- and power generation packages based on large aero-derivative gas turbines and it was soon recognized as a significant supplier, both nationally and internationally. The present paper provides a review of some of the unique design features of the KG series of engines as well as some of the typical applications. It also describes the transformation of the company from a small industrial gas turbine supplier to the recognized supplier of large, compressor- and power generation packages for the oil and gas industry.

Wheel Box Test Aeromechanical Verification of New First Stage Bucket With Integrated Cover Plates for MS5002 GT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mariottini ◽  
Nicola Pieroni ◽  
Pietro Bertini ◽  
Beniamino Pacifici ◽  
Alessandro Giorgetti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Cover Plates

Abstract In the oil and gas industry, manufacturers are continuously engaged in providing machines with improved performance, reliability and availability. First Stage Bucket is one of the most critical gas turbine components, bearing the brunt of very severe operating conditions in terms of high temperature and stresses; aeromechanic behavior is a key characteristic to be checked, to assure the absence of resonances that can lead to damage. Aim of this paper is to introduce a method for aeromechanical verification applied to the new First Stage Bucket for heavy duty MS5002 gas turbine with integrated cover plates. This target is achieved through a significantly cheaper and streamlined test (a rotating test bench facility, formally Wheel Box Test) in place of a full engine test. Scope of Wheel Box Test is the aeromechanical characterization for both Baseline and New bucket, in addition to the validation of the analytical models developed. Wheel Box Test is focused on the acquisition and visualization of dynamic data, simulating different forcing frequencies, and the measurement of natural frequencies, compared with the expected results. Moreover, a Finite Elements Model (FEM) tuning for frequency prediction is performed. Finally, the characterization of different types of dampers in terms of impact on frequencies and damping effect is carried out. Therefore, in line with response assessment and damping levels estimation, the most suitable damper is selected. The proposed approach could be extended for other machine models and for mechanical audits.

Power Augmentation Approaches for Mechanical Drive Turbines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji ◽  
Mustapha A. Chaker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Selection Of

Mechanical drive gas turbine can benefit significantly by power augmentation. In the oil and gas, petrochemical and process industries, the reduction in output of mechanical drive gas turbines curtails plant output or throughput. Gas turbines exhibit a drop in power output with an increase in air compressor inlet temperature of the order of 0.7% / °C for heavy duty gas turbines and approximately 1% / °C for aeroderivative turbines. Power augmentation by inlet cooling is an attractive means to minimize production swings. Designing gas turbine driven refrigeration compressors for high ambient temperature swings is also a design challenge due to power limitations at high ambient temperatures and high refrigerant condensing pressures. This paper will address a range of gas turbine inlet cooling techniques, and provide a technical perspective of different inlet cooling approaches. Technical approaches including inlet evaporative cooling, inlet fogging, wet compression, inlet mechanical and absorption chilling are covered. Other approaches such as water injection are briefly discussed. The judicious selection of the dry bulb temperature and coincident relative humidity for the design and selection of the cooling technology is discussed.

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