Development of “SAWBLAST®” Fuel Nozzle Concept for Improved Fuel Atomization and Mixing in High Performance Gas Turbine Combustors: Part I—Conceptual Design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Mawid ◽  
F. Philip Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nozzle Design ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Spray Characterization

A novel piloted-single lip airblast fuel nozzle design concept termed “SAWBLAST®” was conceived, designed, fabricated, and tested. It has three airflow passages and two fuel circuits for pilot and main. The fuel nozzle was tested under cold flow conditions for spray characterization such as spray patternation, ACd, and SMD. A large test matrix that included over 22 design configurations, in addition to a baseline fuel nozzle was used. Based upon the cold flow spray characterization tests, two different fuel injector design configurations were down selected for combustion tests. The down selected configurations incorporated specific design features and geometries to reflect the novel fuel nozzle concept. The spray characterization tests for “SAWBLAST®” design configuration labeled as number 4 (in text) yielded a much improved spray patternation than a baseline piloted airblast fuel nozzle with a similar total ACd and under the same operating conditions. This improvement amounted to about 40% reduction in the spray patternation compared to the baseline fuel nozzle design. This level of improvement was deemed as substantial over the currently employed piloted airblast fuel nozzles. The same “SAWBLAST®” design configuration number 4 also showed better SMD performance than the baseline near the spray edges.

Investigation of a Novel Fuel Injection Technology Aimed to Reduce Cold-Start Emissions in SI Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Reese ◽  
Yann G. Guezennec ◽  
Miodrag Oljaca
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Atomization Characteristics ◽  
Injection Technology

A novel fuel atomization device (Nanomiser™) was evaluated under laboratory conditions with respect to its ability to reduce SI engine cold-start hydrocarbon emissions. First, comparisons between the level of atomization using the conventional, pintle-type fuel injector and the novel atomizer were carried out using flow visualization in a spray chamber and particle size distribution. The novel atomizer is capable of producing sub-micron fuel droplets, which form an ultra-fine mist with outstanding non-wetting characteristics. To capitalize on these atomization characteristics, this device was compared to a conventional fuel injector in a small, two-cylinder, SI engine under a number of operating conditions. Results show a slightly enhanced combustion quality and lean limit under warm operating conditions and a dramatic reduction in unburned HC emission under cold operating conditions, with cold emissions with the Nanomiser™ matching those with a conventional injector under fully warm conditions.

scholarly journals An Innovative Design of an Integrated MED-TVC and Reverse Osmosis System for Seawater Desalination: Process Explanation and Performance Evaluation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Omer Mohamed Abubaker Al-hotmani ◽  
Mudhar Abdul Alwahab Al-Obaidi ◽  
Yakubu Mandafiya John ◽  
Raj Patel ◽  
Iqbal Mohammed Mujtaba
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
High Performance Systems ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Vapour Compression

In recent times two or more desalination processes have been combined to form integrated systems that have been widely used to resolve the limitations of individual processes as well as producing high performance systems. In this regard, a simple integrated system of the Multi Effect Distillation (MED)/Thermal Vapour Compression (TVC) and Permeate Reprocessing Reverse Osmosis (PRRO) process was developed by the same authors and confirmed its validity after a comparison study against other developed configurations. However, this design has a considerable amount of retentate flowrate and low productivity. To resolve this issue, two novel designs of MED and double reverse osmosis (RO) processes including Permeate and Retentate Reprocessing designs (PRRP and RRRO) are developed and modelled in this paper. To systematically assess the consistency of the presented designs, the performance indicators of the novel designs are compared against previous simple designs of MED and PRRO processes at a specified set of operating conditions. Results show the superiority of the integrated MED and double permeate reprocessing design. This has specifically achieved both economic and environmental advantages where total productivity is increased by around 9% and total retentate flowrate (disposed to water bodies) is reduced by 5% with a marginally reduced energy consumption.

Compact Combustion Systems Using a Combination of Trapped Vortex and High-G Combustor Technologies

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zelina ◽  
W. Anderson ◽  
P. Koch ◽  
D. T. Shouse
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Trapped Vortex

Major advances in combustor technology are required to meet the conflicting challenges of improving performance, increasing durability and maintaining cost. Ultra-short combustors to minimize residence time, with special flame-holding mechanisms to cope with increased through-velocities are likely in the future. This paper focuses on vortex-stabilized combustor technologies that can enable the design of compact, high-performance combustion systems. Compact combustors weigh less and take up less volume in space-limited turbine engine for aero applications. This paper presents the UCC, a novel design based on TVC work that uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity to enhance mixing rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g’s. The UCC design integrates compressor and turbine features which will enable a shorter and potentially less complex gas turbine engine. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this type of combustion system can be used as the main combustor and/or as a secondary combustor between the high pressure and low pressure turbine to operate as a reheat cycle engine. The focus on this paper includes experimental results of the UCC for a variety of conditions: (1) the addition of turbine vanes in the combustor flowpath, (2) a comparison of JP-8 and FT fuel performance in the combustor, (3) the use of trapped-vortex-like air addition to increase combustor flammability limits, and (4) combustor performance related to two different fuel injector designs. Lean blowout fuel-air ratio limits at 20% the value of current systems were demonstrated. Combustion efficiency was measured over a wide range of UCC operating conditions. This data begins to build the design space required for future engine designs that may use these novel, compact, high-g combustion systems.

scholarly journals Measurements of Combustor Velocity and Turbulence Profiles

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Goebel ◽  
N. Abuaf ◽  
J. A. Lovett ◽  
C.-P. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Swirl Velocity ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Exit Temperature ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Combustion Tests

The axial and swirl velocity and turbulence profiles downstream of a small-scale combustor were measured using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. The effects of combustor geometry (nozzle swirl and liner mixing and dilution holes), operating conditions (mass flow and pressure) and combustion were independently examined. For the combustion tests, the combustor exit temperature profiles were also measured with an insertion thermocouple. The normalized velocity profiles showed no effect of mass flow, pressure or overall velocity on the combustor exit profiles. For the low-swirl fuel nozzle, levels of turbulence were fairly constant without or with combustion. However, with the high-swirl fuel nozzle, the level of swirl decreased as the firing temperature increased (to conserve angular momentum). The effect of swirl reduction could also be seen in the turbulence levels which also decreased. This showed that the mean swirl was generating much of the turbulence. It was also found from testing various combustor geometries that the dilution jets significantly disrupted and thereby reduced the level of swirl exiting from the combustor.

Experimental Analysis of Swirl Fuel Injector in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dineshkumar ◽  
D. Gowrishankar ◽  
A.R. Abdul Bari ◽  
Maruthi Reddy ◽  
Dhanushan Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine ◽  
Liquid Rocket ◽  
Propellant Rocket

Fuel injector for a liquid rocket is a very important component since a small difference in its design can drastically affect the combustion efficiency. The primary function of the injector is to break the fuel up into very small droplets. The concept of this project is to perform the fuel atomization with the desired cone angle. This atomization is achieved by passing the fuel through a swirl fuel injector which is connected to the fuel tank and air compressor. Three different orifices of various diameters are designed with different cone angles. The experimental setup consists of a fuel injector with the swirler inside, which is made up of brass with two different vane angles. The air compressor is used for pressurizing the fuel through the injectors. The cold flow experiment is conducted by passing the mixture of air and fuel to get the atomization. The injector is tested with various pressures ranging from 3 to 7 bar for the two cone angles with varying orifice diameters and the different spray patterns are captured. The results are compared, tabulated and correlated with existing values.

scholarly journals Atomization and Combustion Characteristics of Antimisting Fuels Using JT8D and Air-Boost Injectors

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B. Kennedy ◽  
Anthony J. Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Combustion Tests

An experimental evaluation of a bill-of-material JT8D injector, a low emission airblast JT8D injector, and an air-boost injector has been conducted at United Technologies Research Center to determine the atomization levels of antimisting fuels at operating conditions simulating engine conditions. In addition, Pratt & Whitney has evaluated the effects of using antimisting kerosene (AMK) on the performance of the components from the fuel system and the combustor of the current in-service JT8D aircraft engine. Spray characterization tests were conducted at ambient conditions using six different fuels, i.e. Jet A, one and three-pass JT8D fuel pump degraded, one and two-pass Gaulin degraded, and undegraded AMK fuels. The results of the tests indicated that the use of AMK fuel causes a noticeable decline in the quality of the spray and specifically a large increase in the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for all three injectors. The undegraded AMK fuel resulted in a grossly incomplete atomization of the fuel with the spray being characterized by ligaments of fluid rather than droplets. In addition, the idle patternation data indicated that the low emission injector fuel distribution changed from a hollow cone Jet A spray with no fuel in the center to a semi-hollow spray cone using the 1- and 3-pass AMK, and this change could disrupt the primary zone recirculation pattern. Processing the AMK using the JT8D fuel pump as the degrader enhanced the atomization and spray quality, but combustion tests at P&WA using the JT8D degraded fuel indicated that the emissions levels produced were excessive and the lean blowout, relight and starting characteristics were somewhat deficient. The results from the spray quality and combustor performance tests coupled with the P&WA fuel component laboratory evaluations pointed out the need for extensive AMK degradation. Based on the levels of degradation required for successful cold filter tests and the transition velocities measured with Jet A fuel, AMK was processed with a Gaulin homogenizer to transition velocities of 5 and 9 cm/sec. Subsequent spray quality evaluations with these two levels of degraded fuels and Jet A using the JT8D airblast low emission fuel injector indicated that the gross characteristics of the Jet A and the degraded AMK fuels were similar. Perhaps even more important was the distribution data at idle, where the highly degraded fuels were almost indistinguishable from Jet A. Based on the early combustion results, it is implied that low power emissions might be very close to Jet A using the Gaulin degraded fuels.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

High-performance Pd nanocatalysts based on the novel N-doped Ti3C2 support for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

2021 ◽  
pp. 138902
Author(s):  
Zhangxin Chen ◽  
Binbin Yu ◽  
Jiajie Cao ◽  
Xiuli Wen ◽  
Minghui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ethanol Electrooxidation

SELECTION OF COLUMN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PROTEINS IN CANADIAN WHEAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KRUGER ◽  
B. A. MARCHYLO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Rp Hplc

Chromatographic conditions were optimized and three commercially available columns were evaluated for separation of alcohol-soluble storage proteins of Neepawa wheat using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Optimal separation was achieved using an extracting solution of 50% 1-propanol, 1% acetic acid, and 4% dithiothreitol and an HPLC elution time of 105 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. HPLC columns evaluated (SynChropak RP-P, Ultrapore RPSC and Aquapore RP-300) varied in selectivity and resolution. The column providing the greatest versatility was Aquapore RP-300 available in cartridge form. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient-gel electrophoresis analysis of protein peaks resolved by RP-HPLC indicated that many of the eluted peaks contained more than one protein species. Chromatographic protein patterns obtained for Neepawa wheat grown at different locations and in different years were qualitatively the same.Key words: Protein, high-performance liquid chromatography, wheat

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