Development of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Experimental Loop in KIER

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyun Cho ◽  
Hyungki Shin ◽  
Ho-Sang Ra ◽  
Gilbong Lee ◽  
Chulwoo Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Three supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) power cycle experimental loops have been developed in Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) from 2013. As the first step, a 10 kWe-class simple un-recuperated Brayton power cycle experimental loop was designed and manufactured to test its feasibility. A 12.6 kWe hermetic turbine-alternator-compressor (TAC) unit which is composed of a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine and the gas foil bearings was manufactured. The turbine inlet design temperature and pressure were 180 °C and 130 bar, respectively. Preliminary operation was successful at 30,000 RPM which all states of the cycle existed in the supercritical region. Second, a multi-purpose 1 kW-class test loop which operates as a transcritical cycle at a temperature of 200 °C was developed to concentrate on the characteristics of the cycle, control and stability issues of the cycle. A high-speed turbo-generator was developed which is composed of a radial turbine with a partial admission nozzle and the commercial oil-lubricated angular contact ball bearings. Finally, a 60 kWe-class Brayton cycle is being developed which is composed of two turbines and one compressor to utilize flue-gas waste heat. As the first phase of development, a turbo-generator which is composed of an axial turbine, a mechanical seal and the oil-lubricated tilting-pad bearings was designed and manufactured.

Development of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Experimental Loop With a Turbo-Generator

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyun Cho ◽  
Hyungki Shin ◽  
Jongjae Cho ◽  
Ho-Sang Ra ◽  
Chulwoo Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Class Test ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

KIER (Korea Institute of Energy Research) has developed three supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle test loops since 2013. After developing a 10 kWe-class simple un-recuperated Brayton cycle, a second sub-kWe small-scale experimental test loop was manufactured to investigate the characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, for which a high speed radial type turbo-generator was also designed and manufactured. Using only one channel of the nozzle, the partial admission method was adopted to reduce the rotational speed of the rotor so that commercial oil-lubricated bearings can be used. This was the world’s first approach to the supercritical carbon dioxide turbo-generator. After several tests, operation of the turbine for power production of up to 670 W was successful. Finally, an 80 kWe-class dual Brayton cycle test loop was designed. Before completion of the full test loop, a 60 kWe axial type turbo-generator was first manufactured and our previous 10 kWe-class test loop was upgraded to drive this turbo-generator. Due to leakage flow through the mechanical seal, a make-up loop was also developed. After assembling all test loops, a cold-run test and a preliminary operation test were conducted. In this paper, the power generating operation results of the sub-kWe-class test loop and the construction of the tens of kWe-class test loop which drives an axial type turbo-generator are described.

Development of a Hundreds of kWe-Class Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Test Loop in KIER

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongsu Choi ◽  
Junhyun Cho ◽  
Hyungki Shin ◽  
Jongjae Cho ◽  
Chulwoo Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle has been a topic of interest because it exhibits a high efficiency and compact size and is compatible with any heat source. Since 2013, the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) has developed three S-CO2 power cycle experimental test loops for distributed power source applications. Based on this experience, a hundreds of kWe-class dual Brayton test loop with a maximum temperature of 500 °C has been designed and partially fabricated. This cycle consists of two turbines, one compressor, two recuperators, and a flued-gas heater. First, a relatively low-temperature turbine with an inlet temperature of 392 °C was designed and manufactured as an axial impulsetype turbo-generator because of the cost and development time required for construction of a full-cycle test loop. As a preliminary step, the turbo-generator was successfully tested in 2017. Next, it was continuously operated for 4.2 h in 2018. In addition, the following components were designed and manufactured: a centrifugal compressor with a dry gas seal; oil-lubricated tilting-pad bearings; a flued-gas heater, which consists of a burner and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger; and two printed circuit heat exchanger type recuperators. The full cycle is expected to be operational in November 2019.

Development and Operation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Test Loop With Axial Turbo-Generator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyun Cho ◽  
Hyungki Shin ◽  
Jongjae Cho ◽  
Ho-Sang Ra ◽  
Chulwoo Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

In order to overcome reported failure problems of turbomachinery for the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle induced by the high rotational speed and axial force, an axial impulse-type turbo-generator with a partial admission nozzle was designed and manufactured to reduce the rotational speed and axial force. The turbine wheel part was separated by carbon ring-type mechanical seals to use conventional oillubricated tilting-pad bearings. A simple transcritical cycle using a liquid CO2 pump was constructed to drive the turbogenerator. A 600,000 kcal/h LNG fired thermal oil boiler and 200 RT chiller were used as a heat source and heat sink. The target turbine inlet temperature and pressure were 200°C and 130 bar, respectively. Two printed circuit heat exchangers were manufactured for both sides of the heater and cooler. A leakage make-up system using a reciprocating CO2 compressor; CO2 supply valve-train to the main loop and mechanical seal; and an oil cooler for the bearings, load bank, and control systems were installed. Prior to the turbine power-generating operation, a turbine bypass loop was operated using an air-driven control valve to determine the system mass flow rate and create turbine inlet conditions. Then, 11 kW of electric power was obtained under 205°C and 100 bar turbine inlet conditions, and the continuous operating time was 45 min.

Advanced Exergy Analysis of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Shun-sen Wang ◽  
Liming Song
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract In this paper, the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle used to recover the waste heat of gas turbine is investigated by means of conventional exergy analysis and advanced exergy analysis. Firstly, the thermodynamic parameters of carbon dioxide cycle in design stage are determined by single-objective optimization with net power output as objective function. Then, conventional exergy analysis is carried out on the partial heating cycle under real, unavoidable and ideal conditions. After that, advanced exergy analysis, in which the exergy destruction is divided into endogenous / exogenous part and avoidable / unavoidable part is adopted to reveal the improvement potential of the system and illustrate the interaction among the components. According to the calculation results, a total amount of 3.55MW (47.33%) exergy destruction could be reduced by the improvement of component efficiency. Endogenous exergy destruction is higher than exogenous exergy destruction in all components. Based on the results of conventional exergy analysis, the high-temperature heater should be paid attention in order to reduce exergy destruction. However, according to the results of advanced exergy analysis, the technical improvement of turbine should be emphasized due to its high endogenous-avoidable exergy destruction. Meanwhile, for the components with high unavoidable exergy destruction, external systems should be employed to exploit the underutilized energy and enhance the system performance.

Recent Research Progress on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle in China

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
Yanping Huang ◽  
Jinguang Zang ◽  
Guangxu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Integral Test ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

China has started the investigations on supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle since 2011. The aim of this project is to understand the feasibility and economics of coupling S-CO2 power cycle with Chinese Gen IV nuclear reactors. Up to now, the pre-concept design and feasibility evaluation has been accomplished. The focus in the next step is fundamental research on thermal-hydraulics and materials and Integral Test Loop design, construction, and operation. Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) has been a leader in S-CO2 power cycle development in China. With contractors and collaborators from China and UK, NPIC has constructed a natural circulation test loop and started the Integral Test Loop design. In this paper, an overview of the progress on S-CO2 power cycle development in NPIC is provided. The testing results from a small-scaled natural circulation test loop, the CFD code verification and validation, and the considerations and design features of Integral Test Loop will be summarized.

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