Aero-Thermal Coupled Throughflow Method With Cooling Model Based on Flow Network Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ba ◽  
Xiaodong Ren
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Flow Network ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Film Cooling Holes ◽  
Cooling Model

The aero-thermal coupled phenomenon is significant in the modern cooled turbine, and it is necessary to consider the cooling effect in the throughflow design phase. A new cooling model based on flow network analysis for the aero-thermal coupled throughflow method was developed to consider the film cooling effect and predict the blade wall temperature downstream of the film cooling holes. The flow network analysis is introduced into the cooling model to determine the flow rate of each cooling hole. The mixing loss caused by film cooling is investigated as local total pressure loss, and the heat transfer influence caused by film cooling is considered by the film cooling effectiveness estimated by empirical correlation. The blade heat transfer downstream the film cooling holes is calculated from pressure and suction surfaces separately, based on main flow parameters calculated by the streamline curvature method. The experimental data of the C3X profile is selected for the cooling model verification. The film cooling flow rate calculated by the flow network analysis agrees well with the experimental data, and the calculated temperatures of both the pressure and suction surfaces downstream the film cooling holes are also in accordance with the experimental data. Therefore, aero-thermal coupled throughflow method with this cooling model can be a powerful tool for preliminary design of cooled turbine.

Heat Transfer and Flow Studies of Different Cooling Configurations for Gas Turbine Rotor Blade

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batchu Suresh ◽  
Ainapur Brijesh ◽  
V. Kesavan ◽  
S. Kishore Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Network ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

Military gas turbine engine operates at turbine entry temperatures (TET) of the order of 2000K. Increase in TET improves thermal efficiency and power output. The gas temperature is far above the allowable metal temperature of turbine components. Hence, there is a need to cool the components such as blades and vanes for safe operation. The blades are cooled by combination of internal convective cooling and external film-cooling. Rib tabulators are widely used in blade cooling passages to enhance heat transfer. In the present study, different rib tabulator configurations have been studied. 1D flow network model of blade cooling passages have been modeled using Flowmaster software. Flowmaster software estimates pressure losses, rotational effects and heat transfer of the coolant flow in the blade passages. Cooling passages are modeled as ducts while film cooling holes, impingement holes, tip holes and ejection holes are modeled as orifices. Experimentally measured heat transfer and pressure loss correlations are used in the analysis. The coolant pressure at inlet and sink pressure at exit of film cooling holes are given as input. The heat load coming on to the blade is also given as input for predicting the coolant temperature rise and blade metal temperature. The thermal analysis is carried out with different shaped rib turbulators such as V and W ribs with broken and continuous pattern. It is observed that thermal performance factor for a broken V rib configuration is better than other configurations. The metal temperature for broken V ribbed configuration is 25°C less compared other configurations. The effect of rotation on the blade temperature is also studied. The convective bulk temperatures and convective heat transfer coefficients obtained from 1D flow network are applied on 2D Finite Element (FE) model to obtain nodal temperature distribution.

IMPROVING THE FILM COOLING PERFORMANCE OF A TURBINE ENDWALL WITH MULTI-FIDELITY MODELING CONSIDERING CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Hongyan Bu ◽  
Yufeng Yang ◽  
Liming Song ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Film Cooling Holes ◽  
Component Temperature

Abstract The gas turbine endwall is bearing extreme thermal loads with the rapid increase of turbine inlet temperature. Therefore, the effective cooling of turbine endwalls is of vital importance for the safe operation of turbines. In the design of endwall cooling layouts, numerical simulations based on conjugate heat transfer (CHT) are drawing more attention as the component temperature can be predicted directly. However, the computation cost of high-fidelity CHT analysis can be high and even prohibitive especially when there are many cases to evaluate such as in the design optimization of cooling layout. In this study, we established a multi-fidelity framework in which the data of low-fidelity CHT analysis was incorporated to help the building of a model that predicts the result of high-fidelity simulation. Based upon this framework, multi-fidelity design optimization of a validated numerical turbine endwall model was carried out. The high and low fidelity data were obtained from the computation of fine mesh and coarse mesh respectively. In the optimization, the positions of the film cooling holes were parameterized and controlled by a shape function. With the help of multi-fidelity modeling and sequentially evaluated designs, the cooling performance of the model endwall was improved efficiently.

Numerical Study on Flow and Heat Transfer of a Cooled First Stage Vane of a Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lv Ye ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Zhenping Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Coolant Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edge Region ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

This paper presents a numerical simulation of composite cooling on a first stage vane of a gas turbine, in which gas by fixed composition mixture is adopted. To investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics, two internal chambers which contain multiple arrays of impingement holes are arranged in the vane, several arrays of pin-fins are arranged in the trailing edge region, and a few arrays of film cooling holes are arranged on the vane surfaces to form the cooling film. The coolant enters through the shroud inlet, and then divided into two parts. One part is transferred into the chamber in the leading edge region, and then after impinging on the target surfaces, it proceeds further to go through the film cooling holes distributed on the vane surface, while the other part enters into the second chamber immediately and then exits to the mainstream in two ways to effectively cool the other sections of the vane. In this study, five different coolant flow rates and six different inlet pressure ratios were investigated. All the cases were performed with the same domain grids and same boundary conditions. It can be concluded that for the internal surfaces, the heat transfer coefficient changes gradually with the coolant flow rate and the inlet total pressure ratio, while for the external surfaces, the average cooling effectiveness increases with the increase of coolant mass flow rates while decreases with the increase of the inlet stagnation pressure ratios within the study range.

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Converging Pedestal Array With Exit Area Variation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Soma ◽  
F. E. Ames ◽  
S. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Cooling Air

The trailing edge of a vane is one of the most difficult areas to cool due to a narrowing flow path, high external heat transfer rates, and deteriorating external film cooling protection. Converging pedestal arrays are often used as a means to provide internal cooling in this region. The thermally induced stresses in the trailing edge region of these converging arrays have been known to cause failure in the pedestals of conventional solidity arrays. The present paper documents the heat transfer and pressure drop through two high solidity converging rounded diamond pedestal arrays. These arrays have a 45 percent pedestal solidity. One array which was tested has nine rows of pedestals with an exit area in the last row consistent with the convergence. The other array has eight rows with an expanded exit in the last row to enable a higher cooling air flow rate. The expanded exit of the eight row array allows a 30% increase in the coolant flow rate compared with the nine row array for the same pressure drop. Heat transfer levels correlate well based on local Reynolds numbers but fall slightly below non converging arrays. The pressure drop across the array naturally increases toward the trailing edge with the convergence of the flow passage. A portion of the cooling air pressure drop can be attributed to acceleration while a portion can be attributed to flow path losses. Detailed array static pressure measurements provide a means to develop a correlation for the prediction of pressure drop across the cooling channel. Measurements have been acquired over Reynolds numbers based on exit flow conditions and the characteristic pedestal length scale ranging from 5000 to over 70,000.

Computational Analysis of Conjugate Heat Transfer and Particulate Deposition on a High Pressure Turbine Vane

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Ai ◽  
Thomas H. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Particulate Deposition ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
Lagrangian Particle Method ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

Numerical computations were conducted to simulate flyash deposition experiments on gas turbine disk samples with internal impingement and film cooling using a CFD code (FLUENT). The standard k-ω turbulence model and RANS were employed to compute the flow field and heat transfer. The boundary conditions were specified to be in agreement with the conditions measured in experiments performed in the BYU Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF). A Lagrangian particle method was utilized to predict the ash particulate deposition. User-defined subroutines were linked with FLUENT to build the deposition model. The model includes particle sticking/rebounding and particle detachment, which are applied to the interaction of particles with the impinged wall surface to describe the particle behavior. Conjugate heat transfer calculations were performed to determine the temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficient in the region close to the film-cooling hole and in the regions further downstream of a row of film-cooling holes. Computational and experimental results were compared to understand the effect of film hole spacing, hole size and TBC on surface heat transfer. Calculated capture efficiencies compare well with experimental results.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer on a Film-Cooled Rotating Blade

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

A multi-block, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code has been used to compute heat transfer coefficient on the blade, hub and shroud for a rotating high-pressure turbine blade with 172 film-cooling holes in eight rows. Film cooling effectiveness is also computed on the adiabatic blade. Wilcox’s k-ω model is used for modeling the turbulence. Of the eight rows of holes, three are staggered on the shower-head with compound-angled holes. With so many holes on the blade it was somewhat of a challenge to get a good quality grid on and around the blade and in the tip clearance region. The final multi-block grid consists of 4784 elementary blocks which were merged into 276 super blocks. The viscous grid has over 2.2 million cells. Each hole exit, in its true oval shape, has 80 cells within it so that coolant velocity, temperature, k and ω distributions can be specified at these hole exits. It is found that for the given parameters, heat transfer coefficient on the cooled, isothermal blade is highest in the leading edge region and in the tip region. Also, the effectiveness over the cooled, adiabatic blade is the lowest in these regions. Results for an uncooled blade are also shown, providing a direct comparison with those for the cooled blade. Also, the heat transfer coefficient is much higher on the shroud as compared to that on the hub for both the cooled and the uncooled cases.

Effect of Internal Crossflow Velocity on Film Cooling Effectiveness: Part II — Compound Angle Shaped Holes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. McClintic ◽  
Joshua B. Anderson ◽  
David G. Bogard ◽  
Thomas E. Dyson ◽  
Zachary D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Crossflow Velocity ◽  
Film Cooling Holes ◽  
Compound Angle

In gas turbine engines, film cooling holes are commonly fed with an internal crossflow, the magnitude of which has been shown to have a notable effect on film cooling effectiveness. In Part I of this study, as well as in a few previous studies, the magnitude of internal crossflow velocity was shown to have a substantial effect on film cooling effectiveness of axial shaped holes. There is, however, almost no data available in the literature that shows how internal crossflow affects compound angle shaped film cooling holes. In Part II, film cooling effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient augmentation, and discharge coefficients were measured for a single row of compound angle shaped film cooling holes fed by internal crossflow flowing both in-line and counter to the span-wise direction of coolant injection. The crossflow-to-mainstream velocity ratio was varied from 0.2–0.6 and the injection velocity ratio was varied from 0.2–1.7. It was found that increasing the magnitude of the crossflow velocity generally caused degradation of the film cooling effectiveness, especially for in-line crossflow. An analysis of jet characteristic parameters demonstrated the importance of crossflow effects relative to the effect of varying the film cooling injection rate. Heat transfer coefficient augmentation was found to be primarily dependent on injection rate, although for in-line crossflow, increasing crossflow velocity significantly increased augmentation for certain conditions.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Coupled Internal/External Simulation of a Film-Cooled Turbine Vane

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Heidmann ◽  
David L. Rigby ◽  
Ali A. Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Nasa Lewis Research ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulation has been performed for a realistic film-cooled turbine vane using the LeRC-HT code. The simulation includes the flow regions inside the coolant plena and film cooling holes in addition to the external flow. The vane is the subject of an upcoming NASA Lewis Research Center experiment and has both circular cross-section and shaped film cooling holes. This complex geometry is modeled using a multi-block grid which accurately discretizes the actual vane geometry including shaped holes. The simulation matches operating conditions for the planned experiment and assumes periodicity in the spanwise direction on the scale of one pitch of the film cooling hole pattern. Two computations were performed for different isothermal wall temperatures, allowing independent determination of heat transfer coefficients and film effectiveness values. The results indicate separate localized regions of high heat flux in the showerhead region due to low film effectiveness and high heat transfer coefficient values, while the shaped holes provide a reduction in heat flux through both parameters. Hole exit data indicate rather simple skewed profiles for the round holes, but complex profiles for the shaped holes with mass fluxes skewed strongly toward their leading edges.

Letterbox Trailing Edge Heat Transfer: Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number, and External Turbulence on Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Effectiveness

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Fiala ◽  
I. Jaswal ◽  
F. E. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Blowing Ratio ◽  
Adiabatic Effectiveness

Heat transfer and film cooling distributions have been acquired for a vane trailing edge with letterbox partitions. Additionally, pressure drop data have been experimentally determined across a pin fin array and a trailing edge slot with letterbox partitions. The pressure drop across the array and letterbox trailing edge arrangement was measurably higher than for the gill slot geometry. Experimental data for the partitions and the inner suction surface region downstream from the slot have been acquired over a four-to-one range in vane exit condition Reynolds number (500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000), with low (0.7%), grid (8.5%), and aerocombustor (13.5%) turbulence conditions. At these conditions, both heat transfer and adiabatic film cooling distributions have been documented over a range of blowing ratios (0.47≤M≤1.9). Heat transfer distributions on the inner suction surface downstream from the slot ejection were found to be dependent on both ejection flow rate and external conditions. Heat transfer on the partition side surfaces correlated with both exit Reynolds number and blowing ratio. Heat transfer on partition top surfaces largely correlated with exit Reynolds number but blowing ratio had a small effect at higher values. Generally, adiabatic film cooling levels on the inner suction surface are high but decrease near the trailing edge and provide some protection for the trailing edge. Adiabatic effectiveness levels on the partitions correlate with blowing ratio. On the partition sides adiabatic effectiveness is highest at low blowing ratios and decreases with increasing flow rate. On the partition tops adiabatic effectiveness increases with increasing blowing ratio but never exceeds the level on the sides. The present paper, together with a companion paper that documents letterbox trailing edge aerodynamics, is intended to provide engineers with the heat transfer and aerodynamic loss information needed to develop and compare competing trailing edge designs.

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