Design and Analysis of the Waukesha APG1000 Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Nicoson ◽  
Julian Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine

Waukesha Engine, in cooperation with the Department of Energy, has designed a new high efficiency natural gas engine designed specifically for the power generation market. The APG1000 (Advance Power Generation) engine is capable of achieving 1 MW output at 42% thermal efficiency and less than 1 g/bhp-hr Nox. A design method using modern tools such as 3-D modeling, rapid prototyping and computer simulation have, in a large part, contributed to the success of this engine. This paper discusses the methodology and tools used in the design of the APG engine.

Assessment of Turbulent Combustion Models for Simulating Pre-Chamber Ignition in a Natural Gas Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohan Kim ◽  
Riccardo Scarcelli ◽  
Sibendu Som ◽  
Ashish Shah ◽  
Munidhar Biruduganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Turbulent Combustion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Combustion Processes

Abstract Lean combustion in an internal combustion engine is a promising strategy to increase thermal efficiency by leveraging a more favorable specific heat ratio of the fresh mixture and simultaneously suppressing the heat losses to the cylinder wall. However, unstable ignition events and slow flame propagation at fuel-lean condition lead to high cycle-to-cycle variability and hence limit the high-efficiency engine operating range. Pre-chamber ignition is considered an effective concept to extend the lean operating limit, by providing spatially distributed ignition with multiple turbulent flame-jets and enabling faster combustion rate compared to the conventional spark ignition approach. From a numerical modeling perspective, to date, still the science base and available simulation tools are inadequate for understanding and predicting the combustion processes in pre-chamber ignited engines. In this paper, conceptually different RANS combustion models widely adopted in the engine modeling community were used to simulate the ignition and combustion processes in a medium-duty natural gas engine with a pre-chamber spark-ignition system. A flamelet-based turbulent combustion model, i.e., G-equation, and a multi-zone well-stirred reactor model were employed for the multi-dimensional study. Simulation results were compared with experimental data in terms of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. Finally, the analysis of the performance of the two models is carried out to highlight the strengths and limitations of the two formulations respectively.

Friction Reduction Due to Lubrication Oil Changes in a Lean-Burn 4-Stroke Natural Gas Engine: Experimental Results

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Quillen ◽  
Rudolph H. Stanglmaier ◽  
Victor Wong ◽  
Ed Reinbold ◽  
Rick Donahue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Lubrication Oil

A project to reduce frictional losses from natural gas engines is currently being carried out by a collaborative team from Waukesha Engine Dresser, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Colorado State University (CSU), and ExxonMobil. This project is part of the Advanced Reciprocating Engine System (ARES) program led by the US Department of Energy. Changes in lubrication oil have been identified as a way to potentially help meet the ARES goal of developing a natural gas engine with 50% brake thermal efficiency. Previous papers have discussed the computational tools used to evaluate piston-ring/cylinder friction and described the effects of changing various lubrication oil parameters on engine friction. These computational tools were used to predict the effects of changing lubrication oil of a Waukesha VGF 18-liter engine, and this paper presents the experimental results obtained on the engine test bed. Measured reductions in friction mean effective pressure (FMEP) were observed with lower viscosity lubrication oils. Test oil LEF-H (20W) resulted in a ∼ 1.9% improvement in mechanical efficiency (ηmech) and a ∼ 16.5% reduction in FMEP vs. a commercial reference 40W oil. This improvement is a significant step in reaching the ARES goals.

Assessment of Turbulent Combustion Models for Simulating Pre-Chamber Ignition in a Natural Gas Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohan Kim ◽  
Riccardo Scarcelli ◽  
Sibendu Som ◽  
Ashish Shah ◽  
Munidhar S. Biruduganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Turbulent Combustion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Combustion Processes

Abstract Lean combustion in an internal combustion engine is a promising strategy to increase thermal efficiency by leveraging a more favorable specific heat ratio of the fresh mixture and simultaneously suppressing the heat losses to the cylinder wall. However, unstable ignition events and slow flame propagation at fuel-lean condition lead to high cycle-to-cycle variability and hence limit the high-efficiency engine operating range. Pre-chamber ignition is considered an effective concept to extend the lean operating limit, by providing spatially distributed ignition with multiple turbulent flame-jets and enabling faster combustion rate compared to the conventional spark ignition approach. From a numerical modeling perspective, to date, still the science base and available simulation tools are inadequate for understanding and predicting the combustion processes in pre-chamber ignited engines. In this paper, conceptually different RANS combustion models widely adopted in the engine modeling community were used to simulate the ignition and combustion processes in a medium-duty natural gas engine with a pre-chamber spark-ignition system. A flamelet-based turbulent combustion model, i.e., G-equation, and a multi-zone well-stirred reactor model were employed for the multi-dimensional study. Simulation results were compared with experimental data in terms of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. Finally, the analysis of the performance of the two models is carried out to highlight the strengths and limitations of the two formulations respectively.

Air Fuel Dilution in a Pilot Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Engine: Pollutants, Performance, and System Level Considerations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Prakash Singh ◽  
Gordon Patrick McTaggart-Cowan ◽  
Patrick Kirchen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
System Level ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Fuel Dilution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Dilution of natural gas fuel with air for use in a pilot ignited direct injection natural gas engine was investigated to evaluate the impact of this strategy on emissions and engine performance. A representative heavy-duty mode (mid to high-load at medium speed) was considered and the equivalence ratio (Φ) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates were varied from this representative mode. Air dilution resulted in a significant reduction in several pollutants: 90 to 97% reductions in black carbon particulate matter, 45 to 95% reductions in carbon monoxide, 68 to 85% reductions in total unburnt hydrocarbons. NOx emissions were found to increase by between 1.5 and 2.5x, depending on Φ and EGR, for a fixed combustion phasing. Beyond the emissions improvements, the gross indicated thermal efficiency increased by 2.5 percentage points at both high and low EGR rates. At higher EGR rates, this improvement was due to improved combustion efficiency, while the mechanism for efficiency improvement at lower EGR rates was unclear. The application of air-fuel dilution requires compressed air (> 300 bar) to mix with natural gas at high pressures. A system level analysis considered the compression power required by an industrial 3-stage reciprocating compressor and indicated that the gross indicated thermal efficiency improvements could compensate for the compression requirements for engine operation at high Φ.

10808 Operation with a Real Biogas by Using a Natural-Gas Engine Power-Generation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014.20 (0) ◽  
pp. _10808-1_-_10808-2_
Author(s):  
Shohei KIMURA ◽  
Ryoya AKIMOTO ◽  
Juan C GONZALEZ PALENCIA ◽  
Mikiya ARAKI ◽  
Seiichi SHIGA
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Engine Power

Lean NOx Trap Catalysis for NOx Reduction in Natural Gas Engine Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Parks ◽  
H. Douglas Ferguson ◽  
Aaron M. Williams ◽  
John M. E. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Lean Nox Trap ◽  
Nox Trap ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Reciprocating Engines ◽  
Lean Nox

Reliable power generation and distribution is a critical infrastructure for the public and industry. Large-bore spark-ignited natural gas reciprocating engines are a reliable source of power generation. Lean operation enables efficient operation, and engines can conveniently be placed wherever natural gas resources are located. However, stricter emission regulations may limit the installation and use of more natural gas reciprocating engines if emissions cannot be reduced. Natural gas engine emissions of concern are generally methane, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Methane and carbon monoxide can be controlled by oxidation catalysts; however NOx emissions are difficult to control in lean exhaust conditions. One method of reducing NOx in lean exhaust conditions is lean NOx trap catalysis. Lean NOx trap technologies (also known as NOx adsorber catalysts, NOx storage and reduction catalysts, etc.) have demonstrated >90% NOx reduction for diesel reciprocating engines and natural gas turbines. In the work presented here, the feasibility of a lean NOx trap catalyst for lean burn natural gas reciprocating engines will be studied. Tests were conducted on a Cummins 8.3-liter engine on a dynamometer. The lean Nox trap catalyst was controlled in a valved exhaust system that utilized natural gas as the catalyst reductant. Oxidation and reformer catalysts were used to enhance utilization of methane for catalyst regeneration. The feasibility of this approach will be discussed based on the observed NOx reduction and associated fuel penalties.

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