scholarly journals Development of Tissue-Engineered Human Articular Cartilage

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Total Knee Replacements ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
And Function

Abstract Disability due to joint pain is increasing as our society ages. This pain often results from cartilage degeneration in joints due to osteoarthritis or trauma. Cartilage damage from sports injuries is common and the normal repair response results in the formation of fibrous tissue that is inferior to normal cartilage in structure and function and eventually degenerates with time. As a result, tens of thousands of total knee replacements and other surgical procedures are performed each year to repair cartilage defects in the knee. A common clinical treatment for cartilage lesions is debridement of the damaged tissue followed by drilling into the subchondral bone to stimulate tissue regeneration. Although this procedure often provides pain relief, it does not restore long-term function and frequently hastens additional degeneration of the injured site. Alternative procedures for repair or regeneration of human articular cartilage are needed.

The Effect of Total Meniscectomy versus Caudal Pole Hemimeniscectomy on the Stifle Joint of the Sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bellenger ◽  
P. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Numata ◽  
C. Little ◽  
D. S. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Medial Meniscectomy ◽  
Tibial Condyle ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration

SummaryTotal medial meniscectomy and caudal pole hemimeniscectomy were performed on the stifle joints of twelve sheep. The two forms of meniscectomy produced a comparable degree of postoperative lameness that resolved within two weeks of the operations. After six months the sheep were euthanatised and the stifle joints examined. Fibrous tissue that replaced the excised meniscus in the total meniscectomy group did not cover as much of the medial tibial condyle as the residual cranial pole and caudal fibrous tissue observed following hemimeniscectomy. The articular cartilage from different regions within the joints was examined for gross and histological evidence of degeneration. Analyses of the articular cartilage for water content, glycosaminoglycan composition and DNA content were performed. The proteoglycan synthesis and release from explanted articular cartilage samples in tissue culture were also measured. There were significant pathological changes in the medial compartment of all meniscectomised joints. The degree of articular cartilage degeneration that was observed following total meniscectomy and caudal pole meniscectomy was similar. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy, involving transection of the meniscus, causes the same degree of degeneration of the stifle joint that occurs following total meniscectomy.The effect of total medial meniscectomy versus caudal pole hemimeniscectomy on the stifle joint of sheep was studied experimentally. Six months after the operations gross pathology, histopathology, cartilage biochemical analysis and the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in tissue culture were used to compare the articular cartilage harvested from the meniscectomised joints. Degeneration of the articular cartilage from the medial compartment of the joints was present in both of the groups. Caudal pole hemimeniscectomy induces a comparable degree of articular cartilage degeneration to total medial meniscectomy in the sheep stifle joint.

scholarly journals Comparison of properties determined using electromechanical assessment (Arthro-BST™) with macroscopic and histological properties in symptomatic human articular cartilage of the hip

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Ukai ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
Shiho Wasai ◽  
Takumi Takahashi ◽  
Haruka Omura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Mankin Score ◽  
Osteoarthritis Research Society ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment

Abstract Background Cartilage degeneration is assessed using various methods. Although macroscopic evaluation can directly measure cartilage degeneration, it cannot accurately assess cartilage properties. Histological examination is one of the most accurate methods for evaluating cartilage degeneration. However, it is invasive and requires collection of cartilage tissue. In contrast, the Arthro-BST™ probe can assess cartilage properties noninvasively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Arthro-BST in assessing cartilage degeneration by comparing macroscopic (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] classification) and histological evaluations (modified Mankin score and Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] histological grade). Methods Fourteen femoral heads were excised from 13 patients during surgery to treat hip osteoarthritis or femoral fracture. The ICRS score was used for macroscopic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. The Arthro-BST was applied at sites matching the areas of cartilage damage. The sites assessed using the ICRS classification and Arthro-BST were evaluated histologically (modified Mankin score and OARSI histological grade), and these were compared with the Arthro-BST results. Results The ICRS classification identified significant differences between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.01), between grades 1 and 4 (p < 0.01), between grades 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), and between grades 2 and 4 (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were observed between the Arthro-BST results and the ICRS score, modified Mankin score (structure, cellularity, matrix staining, total score), and OARSI histological grade. Conclusions In the assessment of hip osteoarthritis, the Arthro-BST results correlated with those of macroscopic and histological evaluations. The Arthro-BST is useful for assessing hip osteoarthritis and may be helpful for noninvasive assessment of cartilage degeneration.

The Use of Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage for the Repair of Porcine Articular Cartilage Defects

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunong Ao ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
Qi You ◽  
Chengchang Zhang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General View ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: The repair of porcine articular cartilage defects by using particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) has demonstrated good short-term clinical efficacy, but the repair process and mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To study the efficacy of PJAC in repairing full-thickness cartilage defects and to provide an experimental basis for its clinical application. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty Guizhou minipigs were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group. An 8-mm cylindrical full-thickness cartilage defect was created in the femoral trochlea of either knee in all minipigs. The experimental group received the PJAC transplantation (PJAC group; n = 15) and the control group received autologous cartilage chips (ACC group; n = 15). Five minipigs were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 months in each group to obtain samples, which were evaluated by general view of the knee joint and histomorphometry of the chondral defect area (hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O). International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II semiquantitative evaluation and collagen type II staining immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results: All 30 Guizhou minipigs were followed; there was no infection or incision healing disorder after the operation. At 1 month postoperatively, more hyaline cartilage was found in the ACC group (29.4%) compared with the PJAC group (20.1%) ( P < .05); there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups at 3 and 6 months after operation. The fibrocartilage content in the ACC group was significantly more than that in the PJAC group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (27.4% vs 18.2% and 49.9% vs 41.1%, respectively; P < .05); significant differences disappeared at 6 months postoperatively. The PJAC group produced more fibrous tissue than the ACC group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (60.1% vs 40.6% and 38.8% vs 24.4%, respectively; P < .05) but showed no statistical difference at 6 months postoperatively. Regarding the ICRS II scores, those of the ACC group were significantly better than the scores of the PJAC group in some subclasses at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The positive rates of immunohistochemical staining in the ACC group were higher at 1 and 3 months postoperatively than those in the PJAC group (54.2% vs 37.8% and 46.4% vs 34.4%, respectively; P < .05). The difference was not statistically significant between the 2 groups at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Both PJAC and ACC can produce a good repair effect on cartilage defects. At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, ACC resulted in better outcomes than PJAC, but there was no statistical difference in the repair effect between the 2 techniques at 6 months postoperatively. Clinical Relevance: Based on this animal experiment, further clinical studies are needed to investigate PJAC as a possible alternative first-line treatment for cartilage defects.

Histological and biochemical evaluation of perichondrial transplants in human articular cartilage defects

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phianne Bouwmeester ◽  
Roel Kuijer ◽  
Els Terwindt-Rouwenhorst ◽  
Ton van der Linden ◽  
Sjoerd Bulstra
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

Study on Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Materials for Improving the Performance of Artificial Articular Cartilage

2013 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Jiang Yuan ◽  
Zhou Jian Wei ◽  
Xia Zhen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel has compatibility and biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage similar and good biological. The implantation in the human body can replace part of articular cartilage, which plays the role of bearing and alleviate the impact force. It has the prospect of clinical application. This paper introduces the research progress of polyvinyl alcohol hydro-gel materials. And compared with the characteristics of articular cartilage, clarify the possibility of repair of articular cartilage defects of the materials.

scholarly journals HDAC4 mutant represses chondrocyte hypertrophy by locating in the nucleus and attenuates disease progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Xianda Che ◽  
Pengcui Li
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 4 ◽  
Safranin O

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether histone deacetylase 4 S246/467/632A mutant (m-HDAC4) has enhanced function at histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) to attenuate cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Chondrocytes were infected with Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP or Ad-HDAC4-GFP for 24 h, incubated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β 10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and then measured by RT-qPCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups and transduced with different vectors: ACLT/Ad-GFP, ACLT/Ad-HDAC4-GFP, ACLT/Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP, and sham/Ad-GFP. All rats received intra-articular injections 48 h after the operation and every 3 weeks thereafter. Cartilage damage was assessed using radiography and Safranin O staining and quantified using the OARSI score. The hypertrophic and anabolic molecules were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Results M-HDAC4 decreased the expression levels of Runx-2, Mmp-13, and Col 10a1, but increased the levels of Col 2a1 and ACAN more effectively than HDAC4 in the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte OA model; upregulation of HDAC4 and m-HDAC4 in the rat OA model suppressed Runx-2 and MMP-13 production, and enhanced Col 2a1 and ACAN synthesis. Stronger Safranin O staining was detected in rats treated with m-HDAC4 than in those treated with HDAC4. The resulting OARSI scores were lower in the Ad-m-HDAC4 group (5.80 ± 0.45) than in the Ad-HDAC4 group (9.67 ± 1.83, P = 0.045). The OARSI scores were highest in rat knees that underwent ACLT treated with Ad-GFP control adenovirus vector (14.93 ± 2.14, P = 0.019 compared with Ad-HDAC4 group; P = 0.003 compared with Ad-m-HDAC4 group). Lower Runx-2 and MMP-13 production, and stronger Col 2a1 and ACAN synthesis were detected in rats treated with m-HDAC4 than in those treated with HDAC4. Conclusions M-HDAC4 repressed chondrocyte hypertrophy and induced chondrocyte anabolism in the nucleus. M-HDAC4 was more effective in attenuating articular cartilage damage than HDAC4.

scholarly journals eNAMPT Is Localised to Areas of Cartilage Damage in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis and Promotes Cartilage Catabolism and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6719
Author(s):  
Ashleigh M. Philp ◽  
Sam Butterworth ◽  
Edward T. Davis ◽  
Simon W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Obesity increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Recent studies have shown that adipokine extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT or visfatin) induces the production of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in chondrocytes, suggesting it may promote articular cartilage degradation. However, neither the functional effects of extracellular visfatin on human articular cartilage tissue, nor its expression in the joint of hip OA patients of varying BMI, have been reported. Hip OA joint tissues were collected from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Cartilage explants were stimulated with recombinant human visfatin. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs were measured by ELISA and Luminex. Localisation of visfatin expression in cartilage tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cartilage matrix degradation was determined by quantifying proteoglycan release. Expression of visfatin was elevated in the synovial tissue of hip OA patients who were obese, and was co-localised with MMP-13 in areas of cartilage damage. Visfatin promoted the degradation of hip OA cartilage proteoglycan and induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, CCL20, and CCL4) and MMPs. The elevated expression of visfatin in the obese hip OA joint, and its functional effects on hip cartilage tissue, suggests it plays a central role in the loss of cartilage integrity in obese patients with hip OA.

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