Analysis of Bending Behavior of Native Auricular and Costal Cartilage and Tissue Engineered Constructs

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Roy ◽  
Sean S. Kohles ◽  
Victor Zaporojan ◽  
Lawrence Bonassar
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Auricular Cartilage ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Behavior

Abstract The current literature presents many techniques for analysis of the mechanical properties of articular cartilage [1]. By comparison few techniques are available for analysis of auricular cartilage which experiences a different mechanical environment than articular cartilage. Specifically, large deflection bending is a deformation mode that is most relevant to auricular cartilage, but has not been studied thoroughly in soft tissues. The goals of this study were to: 1) apply an elasticity model to three point bending data from normal and engineered auricular and costal cartilage; and 2) use this model to determine the tensile elastic moduli.

The microstructure and three-point bending behavior of Ni–Co/WC composite cladding coating

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Guirong Yang ◽  
Wenming Song ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Behavior

scholarly journals Study of the Mechanical Environment of Chondrocytes in Articular Cartilage Defects Repaired Area under Cyclic Compressive Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Liu ◽  
Hang-Tian Duan ◽  
Chun-Qiu Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Maximum Value

COMSOL finite element software was used to establish a solid-liquid coupling biphasic model of articular cartilage and a microscopic model of chondrocytes, using modeling to take into account the shape and number of chondrocytes in cartilage lacuna in each layer. The effects of cyclic loading at different frequencies on the micromechanical environment of chondrocytes in different regions of the cartilage were studied. The results showed that low frequency loading can cause stress concentration of superficial chondrocytes. Moreover, along with increased frequency, the maximum value of stress response curve of chondrocytes decreased, while the minimum value increased. When the frequency was greater than 0.2 Hz, the extreme value stress of response curve tended to be constant. Cyclic loading had a large influence on the distribution of liquid pressure in chondrocytes in the middle and deep layers. The concentration of fluid pressure changed alternately from intracellular to peripheral in the middle layer. Both the range of liquid pressure in the upper chondrocytes and the maximum value of liquid pressure in the lower chondrocytes in the same lacunae varied greatly in the deep layer. At the same loading frequency, the elastic modulus of artificial cartilage had little effect on the mechanical environment of chondrocytes.

Nondestructive Measurement of In-Plane Residual Stress in Silicon Strips

1999 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieyu Zheng ◽  
Steven Danyluk
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Nondestructive Measurement ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Phase Stepping ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Processing Techniques

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the development of a shadow moiré technique to measure the in-plane residual stresses of thin, flat strips. This is an extension of prior work on the measurement of in-plane residual stresses in silicon plates and wafers. Phase stepping shadow moir6 and digital image processing techniques are employed to measure the deflections of the silicon plate specimens subjected to three-point-bending at several different loads. The measured deflections over the area of the silicon plates are fitted with an equation represented by a 2-D polynomial. With the theory of thin plates with large deflection, the fitting coefficients are used to extract the in-plane stresses at the different bending load. The residual stress is resolved by linear regression of the in-plane stresses versus bending loads.

Bending Behavior of Simply-Supported Sandwich Beams Subjected to Large Deflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Zhong You Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Moment

Due to thin skins and soft core, it is apt to local indentation inducing the concurrence of geometrical and material nonlinearity in sandwich structures. In the paper, finite element simulation is used to investigate the bending behavior of lightweight sandwich beams under large deflection. A modified formulation for the moment at mid-span section of sandwich beams under large deflection is presented, and energy absorption performance is assessed based on energy absorption efficiency. In addition, it is found that no local indentation arises initially, while later that increases gradually with loading displacement increasing. The height of the mid-span section as well as load-carrying capacity decreases significantly with local indentation depth increasing.

scholarly journals Three-point bending behavior of a Au nanowire studied by in-situ Laue micro-diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (18) ◽  
pp. 185104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ren ◽  
T. W. Cornelius ◽  
C. Leclere ◽  
A. Davydok ◽  
J.-S. Micha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Au Nanowire ◽  
Bending Behavior

scholarly journals Immunochemical and Mechanical Characterization of Cartilage Subtypes in Rabbit

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Naumann ◽  
James E. Dennis ◽  
Amad Awadallah ◽  
David A. Carrino ◽  
Joseph M. Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Auricular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Type Vi Collagen ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Nasal Cartilage

Cartilage is categorized into three general subgroups, hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, based primarily on morphologic criteria and secondarily on collagen (Types I and II) and elastin content. To more precisely define the different cartilage subtypes, rabbit cartilage isolated from joint, nose, auricle, epiglottis, and meniscus was characterized by immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of elastin and of collagen Types I, II, V, VI, and X, by biochemical analysis of total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and by biomechanical indentation assay. Toluidine blue staining and safranin-O staining were used for morphological assessment of the cartilage subtypes. IHC staining of the cartilage samples showed a characteristic pattern of staining for the collagen antibodies that varied in both location and intensity. Auricular cartilage is discriminated from other subtypes by interterritorial elastin staining and no staining for Type VI collagen. Epiglottal cartilage is characterized by positive elastin staining and intense staining for Type VI collagen. The unique pattern for nasal cartilage is intense staining for Type V collagen and collagen X, whereas articular cartilage is negative for elastin (interterritorially) and only weakly positive for collagen Types V and VI. Meniscal cartilage shows the greatest intensity of staining for Type I collagen, weak staining for collagens V and VI, and no staining with antibody to collagen Type X. Matching cartilage samples were categorized by total GAG content, which showed increasing total GAG content from elastic cartilage (auricle, epiglottis) to fibrocartilage (meniscus) to hyaline cartilage (nose, knee joint). Analysis of aggregate modulus showed nasal and auricular cartilage to have the greatest stiffness, epiglottal and meniscal tissue the lowest, and articular cartilage intermediate. This study illustrates the differences and identifies unique characteristics of the different cartilage subtypes in rabbits. The results provide a baseline of data for generating and evaluating engineered repair cartilage tissue synthesized in vitro or for post-implantation analysis.

Analysis of bending behavior of native and engineered auricular and costal cartilage

2004 ◽  
Vol 68A (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Roy ◽  
Sean S. Kohles ◽  
Victor Zaporojan ◽  
Giuseppe M. Peretti ◽  
Mark A. Randolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Bending Behavior

An Experimental Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminate under a Three-Point Bending Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Mouad Bellahkim ◽  
Youssef Benbouras ◽  
Aziz Maziri ◽  
El Hassan Mallil ◽  
Jamal Echaabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

In this work, an attempt has been made to study the experimental of behavior for carbon/epoxy woven laminates under a three-point bending test by varying the support span and the geometrical dimensions of the specimens. Two principles stacking sequences are studied ([45 / 0]2s & [90 / 0]6 ) to observe the effect of the layer orientation in the failure modes. This study has allowed us to confirm the relationship between the bending behavior of the specimens and the span-to-thickness ratio (l/h). Finally, a digital microscope was selected in order to characterize the succession of the failure and the failure modes, mainly the delamination damage.

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