Characterization of a Piezoelectric Membrane for MEMS Power

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bruce ◽  
R. Richards ◽  
D. Bahr ◽  
C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Power System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Micro Power

Abstract Work toward the development of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator is presented. The membrane generator is the central component of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro power system. The P3 micro power system is based on a two-dimensional, modular architecture, in which the individual generic modules or unit cells each have all the functions of an engine integrated. Each unit cell is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. This paper introduces the concept of the thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator, and describes its design and fabrication. Results of a study to characterize the performance of the piezoelectric membrane generator under expected operating conditions are presented. Current prototypes of the membrane generator are shown to be capable of producing a peak power of 0.1 milliWatts at a voltage of 0.5 Volts.

Design of a Micro Heat Engine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xu ◽  
J. Hall ◽  
C. Richards ◽  
D. Bahr ◽  
R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Mems Fabrication ◽  
Micro Heat Engine ◽  
External Combustion

Abstract The design for a totally new class of heat engine, a micro heat engine, which takes advantage of thermophysical phenomena unique to small scales, is introduced. The proposed engine is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle which approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a piezoelectric generator. The generator, which takes the form of a flexible membrane, can be readily manufactured using MEMS fabrication techniques but still delivers high conversion efficiency. This approach eliminates the requirement to manufacture complex micromachines such as rotary compressors and turbines, resulting in a very simple but highly efficient device.

The P3 Micro Power Generation System

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richards ◽  
D. Bahr ◽  
C.-G. Xu ◽  
R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Micro Heat Engine

Abstract Work toward the development of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro heat engine, is presented. The P3 micro heat engine is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. A numerical model of the engine, SIMP3, is introduced. The model is used, first to illustrate the micro heat engine’s operation, and then to explore the optimization of the engine. The major parameters controlling the performance of the P3 micro engine are discussed.

Low Frequency Operation of the P3 Micro Heat Engine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Whalen ◽  
Michael R. Thompson ◽  
Cecilia D. Richards ◽  
David F. Bahr ◽  
Robert F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Micro Heat Engine

The development and low frequency testing of a micro heat engine is presented. Production of electrical power by a dynamic micro heat engine is demonstrated. The prototype micro heat engine is an external combustion engine in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through a novel thermodynamic cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. This design is well suited to photolithography-based batch fabrication methods and is unlike any conventionally manufactured macro-scale engine. A peak-to-peak voltage of .84 volts, and power output of 1.5 microwatts have been realized at operating speeds of 10 Hz. Measurements are also presented for the engine operating at resonant conditions. Cycle speeds up to 240 Hz have been obtained, with peak-to-peak voltages of 70 millivolts.

Application of Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Barisal ◽  
Deepak Kumar Lal
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Model ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Interconnected Power Systems ◽  
Thermal Power System ◽  
Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm

A novel attempt has been made to use Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm to optimize PI/PID controller parameters for AGC of power system. Four different power systems are considered in the present article. Initially, a two area thermal power system is considered for simulation. The superiority of the proposed MFO optimized PI/PID controller has been demonstrated by comparing the results with recently published approaches such as conventional, GA, BFOA, DE, PSO, Hybrid BFOA-PSO, FA and GWO algorithm optimized PI/PID controller for the same power system model. Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the robustness of the system to wide changes in the operating conditions and system parameters from their nominal values. The proposed approach is extended to different realistic multi-area multi-source power systems with diverse sources of power generations for simulation study. The acceptability and efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing with other recently published techniques.

scholarly journals Robust Coordinated Design of Power System Stabilizer and Excitation System Using Genetic Algorithm to Enhance the Dynamic Stability of Al-Zara Thermal Power Station Generation in Syria

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Riad Al-Mustfa Riad Al-Mustfa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Power Station ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power System Stabilizer ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Excitation System ◽  
Large Perturbation ◽  
System Stabilizer

In this paper, a new formula of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) was adopted. The design of PSS and Excitation system (an Exciter) parameters is formulated as an optimization problem. A continuous genetic algorithm (GA) is employed for searching optimized parameters. A multi-objective function includes the deviation in the oscillatory rotor speed of the generator is minimized in time-domain to improve the stability performance of the system. The design is performed using linearized models of a real thermal power system, Al-Zara Thermal Power Station in Syria, at four operating conditions and large perturbation. A cubic Hermite interpolation technique is employed to determine the smoothest possible curve that passes through its data set obtained by the GA. The effectiveness and robustness of the designed stabilizer is investigated and compared with conventional PSS. The simulation results show that the GA stabilizer (GAPSS + GAExciter) are able to provide better damping over a wide operating range with large perturbation and improve the overall systems’ performance.

scholarly journals Multi-objective based economic environmental dispatch with stochastic solar-wind-thermal power system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Surender Reddy Salkuti
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Multi Objective

This paper presents an evolutionary based technique for solving the multi-objective based economic environmental dispatch by considering the stochastic behavior of renewable energy resources (RERs). The power system considered in this paper consists of wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) generators along with conventional thermal energy generators. The RERs are environmentally friendlier, but their intermittent nature affects the system operation. Therefore, the system operator should be aware of these operating conditions and schedule the power output from these resources accordingly. In this paper, the proposed EED problem is solved by considering the nonlinear characteristics of thermal generators, such as ramp rate, valve point loading (VPL), and prohibited operating zones (POZs) effects. The stochastic nature of RERs is handled by the probability distribution analysis. The aim of proposed optimization problem is to minimize operating cost and emission levels by satisfying various operational constraints. In this paper, the single objective optimization problems are solved by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the multi-objective optimization problem is solved by using the multi-objective PSO algorithm. The feasibility of proposed approach is demonstrated on six generator power system.

Differential evolution algorithm based tilt integral derivative control for LFC problem of an interconnected hydro-thermal power system

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3952-3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pretty Neelam Topno ◽  
Saurabh Chanana
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Thermal Power System ◽  
Evolution Algorithm

Conventional control techniques such as proportional integral (PI) control and proportional integral derivative (PID) control are widely used as the load frequency controller in power system control applications; however, the increase in complexity of the power system is degrading the performance of classical control. Therefore, in this paper a new control approach using fractional calculus has been proposed for the load frequency control problem of two-area hydro-thermal power system. The paper presents an interconnected hydro-thermal power system working under different operating conditions introduced in the form of various nonlinearities. Four case studies have been presented in this paper considering transient analysis with (i) different loading conditions, (ii) parameter variations, (iii) different nonlinearities (governor dead band nonlinearity, time delay and generation rate constraints), and (iv) superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device. A tilt integral derivative (TID) control has been presented as a secondary controller to stabilize the frequency deviations occurring in the two-area power system with the above-mentioned different operating conditions. The parameters of TID controller have been optimized using a differential evolution algorithm which solves an optimization problem formulated using the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) performance index. In addition, a comparison of dynamic system response obtained using TID control and PID control has been presented, which focusses on the better performance of TID control over PID control in an interconnected power system.

A Micro Heat Engine for MEMS Power (Keynote Paper)

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Richards ◽  
D. F. Bahr ◽  
R. F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Batch Fabrication ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Micro Heat Engine ◽  
External Combustion

Progress in the development of a micro heat engine is presented. The prototype micro heat engine is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. The design, well suited to photolithography-based batch fabrication methods, is unlike any conventionally manufactured macro-scale engine. In this paper, the design, fabrication and preliminary testing of a working prototype are discussed. The operation of the engine and its key component, the piezoelectric membrane generator is presented. For the first time, the production of electrical power by a dynamic micro heat engine is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Steady State Analysis and Impact of Benban Solar Park on The Egyptian Transmission System 9

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 928-940
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Power Stations

Egypt is progressing from a power system with old traditional thermal power stations to a cutting-edge power system with a profoundly productive combined cycle power plants (Siemens 14.4 GW power plants) and an expanding portion of sustainable power sources. By 2022, Egypt intends to produce 20 % of its power from renewables [1]. Benban Solar Park venture is considered as the world's largest solar power plant, with total capacity of about 1.8 GW. The large renewable power stations, especially the solar power plants, have a significant effect on power systems stability due to rapid and large fluctuations in power generation caused by various factors such as the intermittency of solar irradiance, climate change and tripping out of power electronic based converters connected to the system. This paper presents the specialized technical details of the assessment and results to ensure that the Egyptian Transmission System (ETS) is capable to evacuate the renewable power in safe manner under various operating conditions

Strategic Storage Use in a Hydro-Thermal Power System with Carbon Constraints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Debia ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Pineau ◽  
Afzal Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power System
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