Heat Recovery From Commercial On-Site Power Generation System: Desiccant Dehumidification vs. Absorption Cooling

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Czachorski ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
Kevin Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Absorption Cooling

As commercial building on-site power generation technologies mature to the point of becoming “off-the-shelf” products, the importance of effective heat recovery is demonstrated time and time again in applications where three to six year paybacks typically are necessary to convince building owners to purchase and install these new technologies. This paper explores the effectiveness and economic benefit of different methods of utilizing recoverable heat from on-site power generation equipment in commercial buildings (Cooling, Heating and Power systems – CHP). An optimal configuration of heat recovery options is explored based on analysis of heat recovery from microturbine(s) exhaust to support commercial building heating and cooling/dehumidification needs. Benefits of recovering heat for space heating/domestic hot water production and to support desiccant dehumidification vs. absorption cooling are studied in five different building types (large supermarket, large retail store, medium size office building, full service restaurant and quick service restaurant). Buildings are evaluated at four different geographical locations, allowing additional study of the climatic conditions on the optimum heat recovery system configuration for specific building types. A sophisticated model, incorporating performance algorithms of state-of-the-art power generation, dehumidification and absorption cooling equipment, is used for calculating annual energy/cost savings for CHP systems and optimization of basic parameters, such as generator size/number and heat recovery equipment selection.

Silicon Carbide Solar Receiver for Residential Scale Concentrated Solar Power

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Neber ◽  
Hohyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Process Heating

The benefits of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems include the ability to use them in combined cycles such as Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP), and direct AC power generation. While this is done with success for utility scale power production, there are currently no systems offering this for residential scale, distributable power systems. In prior research, a low-cost high-temperature cavity receiver for a wide variety of applications was developed by employing silicon carbide [1]. The proposed design takes advantage of exclusive manufacturing techniques for ceramics such as machining in the green state and sintering multiple simple parts together to form a single complex part. Serious consideration has gone into designing a receiver that will be universally compatible with a number of applications. Some applications include using the receiver in a combined cycle power generation, as a chemical reactor, or for combined heat and power. The focus of this research is to analyze system metrics for a CCHP dish-Brayton system that is feasible for residential scale use. Preliminary research shows that an adequately sized system could provide a single family home with 2.5 kW of electricity and another 7 kW of process heating that could be used for absorption chilling or hot water and space heating. Cost analysis on the system will be performed to quantify its economic viability. Results on the analysis for multiple process heating applications will be presented along with the proposed design.

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Power Generators: State-of-the-Art, Heat Recovery Method, and Challenges

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-386
Author(s):  
Rima Aridi ◽  
Jalal Faraj ◽  
Samer Ali ◽  
Thierry Lemenand ◽  
Mahmoud Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Seebeck Effect ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Recovery Method

Electricity plays a significant role in daily life and is the main component of countless applications. Thus, ongoing research is necessary to improve the existing approaches, or find new approaches, to enhancing power generation. The thermoelectric generator (TEG) is among the notable and widespread technologies used to produce electricity, and converts waste energy into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. Due to the Seebeck effect, temperature change can be turned into electrical energy; hence, a TEG can be applied whenever there is a temperature difference. The present paper presents the theoretical background of the TEG, in addition to a comprehensive review of the TEG and its implementation in various fields. This paper also sheds light on the new technologies of the TEG and their related challenges. Notably, it was found that the TEG is efficient in hybrid heat recovery systems, such as the phase change material (PCM), heat pipe (HP), and proton exchange membrane (PEM), and the efficiency of the TEG has increased due to a set of improvements in the TEG’s materials. Moreover, results show that the TEG technology has been frequently applied in recent years, and all of the investigated papers agree that the TEG is a promising technology in power generation and heat recovery systems.

scholarly journals Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Revisited with Emphasis on New Solutions, including Heat Pipes, and Case Studies

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Paul Christodoulides ◽  
Rafaela Agathokleous ◽  
Lazaros Aresti ◽  
Soteris A. Kalogirou ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Target Energy

Industrial processes are characterized by energy losses, such as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhaust gases or effluents occurring at different temperature levels. Hence, waste heat recovery (WHR) has been a challenge for industries, as it can lead to energy savings, higher energy efficiency, and sustainability. As a consequence, WHR methods and technologies have been used extensively in the European Union (EU) (and worldwide for that matter). The current paper revisits and reviews conventional WHR technologies, their use in all types of industry, and their limitations. Special attention is given to alternative “new” technologies, which are discussed for parameters such as projected energy and cost savings. Finally, an extended review of case studies regarding applications of WHR technologies is presented. The information presented here can also be used to determine target energy performance, as well as capital and installation costs, for increasing the attractiveness of WHR technologies, leading to the widespread adoption by industry.

A LOW-COST EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR INTERNET BASED POWER MEASUREMENT

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. YEARY ◽  
J. SWEENEY ◽  
B. SWAN ◽  
C. CULP
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Distributed Power ◽  
Micro Turbine

This paper introduces a low-cost (i.e. economically competitive, yet functionally robust) embedded system known as the InterDAQ (i.e. Internet Data AcQuisition). The current energy savings technology relies on conventional data logging systems, in which two major barriers exist. Foremost is the fact that retrieving the energy data is not convenient, and the cost of the data logging equipment is high. The interdisciplinary solution presented here to accomplish these goals is to include a miniature web server in a remote-logging module, which we designed as part of our device, thus allowing data to be accessed more frequently, via the Internet. To illustrate a state-of-the-art application in which remote, low-cost monitoring is needed, it is worth mentioning that distributed power generation is gaining national and international attention.1–3 The main energy source of distributed power is derived from a fuel cell, a micro-turbine, or a photo-voltaic cell. Distributed power systems offer a potential increase in efficiency by localizing power generation and eliminating the need for transmission.1 Distributed power also offers increased reliability, uninterruptible service, and energy cost savings.2If an energy savings program is to be implemented, then a low-cost energy monitoring strategy is paramount. Our Internet appliance provides such a solution, and this paper summarizes our implementation details and provides a computer screen-capture of the data posted on the Web.

CHP for Buildings: The Challenge of Delivering Value to the Commercial Sector

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cowie ◽  
A. Marantan ◽  
P. W. Garland ◽  
R. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Environmental Savings

The commercial sector has historically not seen the same level of investment in Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CHP) as the industrial sector. The average commercial building has smaller and more diverse energy requirements than would be expected at a typical industrial site. Consequently, even though the electrical requirements of the commercial and industrial sectors are very similar there is nine times more installed industrial CHP capacity than commercial CHP in the U.S. However, the advent of microturbines and increasing commercial viability of fuel cells promises generator sizes much more suitable for use in the commercial sector. There are many possible uses for the waste heat in a commercial building, depending upon geographic location, occupant requirements and the energy cost structures of both fuel and grid electricity. Possible waste heat technologies include absorption chillers, humidifiers, desiccant dehumidifiers, steam generators, hot water heating, space heating and thermal storage. Several of these could be combined with a generator to produce a commercial CHP for Buildings package. A well-designed and operated package should deliver energy and environmental savings as well as significant cost savings to the customer. Other potential value streams are improved indoor air quality, peak shaving to reduce demand charges, enhanced power reliability, tradable environmental credits or grid independence. This presentation is a broad discussion of the challenges that CHP faces when competing in the commercial sector and the technologies and strategies that will help overcome them.

scholarly journals Environmentally Constrained Optimal Dispatch Method for Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems Using Two-Stage Optimization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4135
Author(s):  
Haesung Jo ◽  
Jaemin Park ◽  
Insu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Combined Cooling ◽  
The Impact

The reliance on coal-fired power generation has gradually reduced with the growing interest in the environment and safety, and the environmental effects of power generation are now being considered. However, it can be difficult to provide stable power to end-users while minimizing environmental pollution by replacing coal-fired systems with combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) systems that use natural gas, because CCHP systems have various power output vulnerabilities. Therefore, purchasing power from external electric grids is essential in areas where CCHP systems are built; hence, optimal CCHP controls should also consider energy purchased from external grids. This study proposes a two-stage algorithm to optimally control CCHP systems. In Stage One, the optimal energy mix using the Lagrange multiplier method for state-wide grids from which CCHP systems purchase deficient electricity was calculated. In Stage Two, the purchased volumes from these grids were used as inputs to the proposed optimization algorithm to optimize CCHP systems suitable for metropolitan areas. We used case studies to identify the accurate energy efficiency, costs, and minimal emissions. We chose the Atlanta area to analyze the CCHP system’s impact on energy efficiency, cost variation, and emission savings. Then, we calculated an energy mix suitable for the region for each simulation period. The case study results confirm that deploying an optimized CCHP system can reduce purchased volumes from the grid while reducing total emissions. We also analyzed the impact of the CCHP system on emissions and cost savings.

Effect of the Power Generation Unit Operation on the Energy, Economical, and Environmental Performance of CCHP Systems for a Small Commercial Building

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Hueffed ◽  
Pedro J. Mago ◽  
Louay M. Chamra
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Power Generation Unit ◽  
Generation Unit

Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems generate electricity at or near the place of consumption and utilize the accompanying waste heat to satisfy the building’s thermal demand. CCHP systems have often been cited as advantageous alternatives to traditional methods of power generation and one of the critical components affecting their performance is the power generation unit (PGU). This investigation examines the effect of the PGU on the energy, economical, and environmental performance of CCHP systems. Different size PGUs are simulated under the following operational strategies: follow the building’s electric load, follow the building’s thermal load, and operate at constant load. An internal combustion engine is used as the PGU in the CCHP system to meet hourly electric, cooling, heating, and hot water loads of a typical office building for a year. Annual operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) are found for two cities and compared to a conventional building. Finally, a simple optimization is performed to determine the best engine load for each hour during the simulation. Among the results, the smallest engine generally yielded the lowest costs and lowest PEC; but, no such trend was found with regards to CDE.

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