Experimental Studies on Galling Onset in OCTG Connections: A Review

Tribology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ekwaro-Osire ◽  
F. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Very High

With today's high prices for natural gas and oil, the demand for oil and country tubular goods (OCTG), with superior performance properties, is very high. Failures in OCTG can be attributed to numerous sources, for example, makeup torque, corrosion, and galling. Thread galling is the most common mode of failure. This failure often leads to leakage, corrosion of the material, and loss of mechanical integrity. The failure of OCTG eventually amounts to excessive operational costs for the gas and oil industry. The have been numerous approaches taken to improve the galling resistance of OCTG connections. The advocacy of these approaches is often achieved through experimental studies using galling testers. In this paper, it is proposed to classify the galling testers in seven distinct groups. There is a need to design and use effective galling testers to understand and improve the performance of OCTG connections. Thus, the objective of this paper was to present a concise review of literature related to the galling testers that may have applications to OCTG.

Experimental Studies on Galling Onset in OCTG Connections: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ekwaro-Osire ◽  
F. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Very High

With today’s high prices for natural gas and oil, the demand for oil and country tubular goods (OCTGs) with superior performance properties is very high. Failures in OCTG can be attributed to numerous sources, for example, makeup torque, corrosion, and galling. Thread galling is the most common mode of failure. This failure often leads to leakage, corrosion of the material, and loss of mechanical integrity. The failure of OCTG eventually amounts to excessive operational costs for the gas and oil industry. Numerous approaches have been taken to improve the galling resistance of OCTG connections. The advocacy of these approaches is often achieved through experimental studies using galling testers. There is a need to design and use effective galling testers to understand and improve the performance of OCTG connections. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a concise review of literature related to the galling testers that may have applications to OCTG.

Calculated Spectra of Hydrocarbon Components of Natural Gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
B. T. Kuyliev ◽  
A. J. Jumaboev ◽  
Kh. A. Khushvaktov ◽  
L. O. Meyliev ◽  
A. A. Absonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Very High ◽  
Take All

The paper presents the calculated spectra of hydrocarbon components of a natural gas (NG), and they are compared with the experimental results. The results of experimental studies of NG show that the region of stretching vibrations of hydrocarbon С-Н bonds, despite the very high level of the Raman signal, is of little use for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. This is due to the fact that the structure of the bands in this region of the spectrum is very complex, and the methane bands with its suppressing content in NG dominate here. The spectra of weak bands of heavy hydrocarbons against the background of very intense bands of methane are almost not revealed. In full, it is difficult to take all the details into account, as can be seen from the previous one. Therefore, we paid a special attention to the determination of the molecular components of NG such as methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10), by calculating the C–H vibrations and determining the spectral region, where they are located. The results of calculations confirm that the frequencies of C–H vibrations of heavy hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, and butane) do lie in the spectral range of 2500–3500 cm−1 of combinational frequencies.

Predicting Flameholding for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Flames at Gas Turbine Premixer Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Sullivan-Lewis ◽  
Vincent McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Significant Effort

Lean-premixed gas turbines are now common devices for low emissions stationary power generation. By creating a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air upstream of the combustion chamber, temperature variations are reduced within the combustor, which reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides. However, by premixing fuel and air, a potentially flammable mixture is established in a part of the engine not designed to contain a flame. If the flame propagates upstream from the combustor (flashback), significant engine damage can result. While significant effort has been put into developing flashback resistant combustors, these combustors are only capable of preventing flashback during steady operation of the engine. Transient events (e.g., auto-ignition within the premixer and pressure spikes during ignition) can trigger flashback that cannot be prevented with even the best combustor design. In these cases, preventing engine damage requires designing premixers that will not allow a flame to be sustained. Experimental studies were conducted to determine under what conditions premixed flames of hydrogen and natural gas can be anchored in a simulated gas turbine premixer. Tests have been conducted at pressures up to 9 atm, temperatures up to 750 K, and freestream velocities between 20 and 100 m/s. Flames were anchored in the wakes of features typical of premixer passageways, including cylinders, steps, and airfoils. The results of this study have been used to develop an engineering tool that predicts under what conditions a flame will anchor, and can be used for development of flame anchoring resistant gas turbine premixers.

scholarly journals OXIDATIVE DIMERIZATION OF METHANE TO C2 HYDROCARBONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 447 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
D.B. Augaliev ◽  
M.K. Erkibaeva ◽  
A.O. Aidarova ◽  
S.А. Tungatarova ◽  
T.S. Baizhumanova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Oxidative Conversion Of Methane ◽  
C2 Hydrocarbons ◽  
Shs Method

The world's oil reserves are decreasing every day due to the continuous production and processing of the most modern technologies. Scientists all over the world are looking for various raw materials and methods to use the vast resources of natural gas as a substitute for petrochemicals. In this regard, great attention is drawn to natural gas as an alternative source of raw materials for petrochemical industries. The purpose of this work is to study the reaction of methane dehydrogenation on new 20%La-10%Ce20%Mg-50% glycine catalysts prepared by the SHS method to identify the optimal conditions for their preparation, concentration and ratio of metals, the influence of contact time and process temperature on the direction and mechanism of the reaction. The results of the study of 20% La-10% Ce-20% Mg-50% glycine catalyst prepared by the SHS method in the process of oxidative dehydrogenation of methane into C2 hydrocarbons are presented. On the basis of experimental studies, it was found that the composition of the catalyst exhibits high activity in the above reaction under the found optimal conditions. Thus, the influence of reaction temperature on the developed composition of catalysts for oxidative conversion of methane has been determined that the optimum temperature for the selective formation of ethane and ethylene is T=700o С. It was found that for selective oxidation of a mixture of CH4: O2 : Ar in C2 hydrocarbons the optimal conditions are: T=700o С, CH4:O2=2,5:1, 5000 h-1.

Textile Performance Properties of Cotton Fabric Treated with Selected Flame-Retarding Finishes

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
John S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Selection Of

Seven different types of flame-retarding finishes were applied to light-to-medium weight cotton fabric at add-ons appropriate to pass the DOC FF 3–71 test. The finishes studied were based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), neutralized THPC (THPOH), Fyrol 76, and Pyrovatex CP. The specific finishes were: THPOH-NH3, THPOH-urea-trimethylolmelamine, Proban (THPC-urea precondensate)-NH3, THPC-urea-disodium hydrogen phosphate, Fyrol 76, Fyrol 76-N-methylolacrylamide, and Pyrovatex CP-methylolmelamine. Textile performance properties are reported as a function of add-on of each type of finish; strengths and abrasion resistance of the finished fabrics are considered and discussed as a function of resilience. General trends of decreasing strength and abrasion resistance with increasing resilience were observed for these flame-retardant fabrics. Within this trend there is latitude for selection of finishes that will provide superior performance in the individual textile property such as abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength.

Vulnerability and Cybersecurity in the Natural Gas and Oil Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Subham Naskar ◽  
Patel Dhruv ◽  
Pranjal Kumar ◽  
Soumya Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Industry

scholarly journals Effect of a Strawberry and Spinach Dietary Supplement on Spatial Learning in Early and Late Middle-Aged Female Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paula Millin ◽  
Gina Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Antioxidant Diet

The present experiment sought to determine the effect of an eight-week, high antioxidant, whole-foods dietary supplement on Morris Water Maze performance in early and late middle-aged female rats. To improve ecological validity over past experimental studies, rats in the current study received antioxidants by consuming freeze-dried organic strawberries and spinach rather than by being given food extracts or antioxidant injections. Latency and path length measures both indicated that late middle-aged rats fed the high antioxidant diet performed on a par with the younger animals earlier in training than their standard diet counterparts (p < 0.05). Superior performance was not due to improved fitness in the antioxidant-supplemented rats. Thus, our model showed that a high antioxidant diet of relatively short duration mitigated the mild cognitive decline that was seen in control animals during the developmental period of late middle-age. The current results offer support for the promising role of dietary antioxidants in maintaining cognitive health in normal aging and extend past findings to females, who have been relatively neglected in experimental investigations. Moreover, the current model suggests that the period of transition from early to late middle age is a promising target for dietary intervention in healthy adults.

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